11 5 9OotsSignalDesign PDF

Office of Traffic and Safety
Traffic Control Device Training
Traffic Signal Design
Agenda
AM Session
Introduction to Signal Design
Discussion of Design Request
Standards and Guidelines for Signal Design
Office and Field Survey Data Collection
PM Session
Conceptual Location of Signal Design Elements
Plan Development
2
Office of Traffic and Safety Traffic Control Device Training
Purpose/Scope of Course
Create Stronger Base of Knowledge and

Information for Staff Working in Signal Design
Introduce Signal Design to Staff Working in

Other Disciplines
Provide Overview of SHAs Signal Design

Policies and Procedures
Create and Reinforce Awareness of Special
Design Considerations
3
Responsibilities of the Signal Design Engineer

Ensure that the Final Design:
Conforms with the Design Request, FHWA &

SHA Standards, and ADA & NESC Regulations
Is completed in an approved format, with all of

the elements necessary for the Contractor to
perform the work as specified in the Design
Request
Is consistent/compatible with other Construction

Plans, where applicable
Can be built within the available budget

4
Responsibilities of the Signal Design Engineer

Ensure that the Final Design:
Can be built within available right-of-way
Is not in conflict with existing or proposed utilities
Does not create environmental or property impacts

that cannot be readily mitigated
Is submitted for signatures at least one week in

advance of the PS&E date
Definition of Traffic Control Signal
A traffic control signal (traffic signal) shall

be defined as any highway traffic signal by
which traffic is alternately directed to stop
and permitted to proceed. (MUTCD;
Section 4B.01)
Traffic Control Signals
Exclusive/Permissive Left Turn
Exclusive Left Turn Arrows

Split
Permissive
Pedestrian Signals and Devices
Types
At Intersections
Midblock, Pedestrian Crosswalk Signals
Pedestrian Warning Beacons
10
Pedestrian Signal at Intersections
Pole Mounted
Pedestal Mounted
11
Midblock Pedestrian Crosswalk Signals
12
Pedestrian Warning Beacon
13
Pedestrian Signals and Devices
Special Pedestrian Crossing Devices
Accessible Pedestrian Signal
Countdown Pedestrian Signal
In-Roadway Lights
14
Accessible Pedestrian Signals

(with Illuminating Push Button)
15
Countdown Pedestrian Signal
The countdown timer starts at the same time as the

flashing Do Not Walk starts for pedestrian clearance interval
16
Special Traffic Control Signals
Flashing Beacons
Intersection Control Beacons (ICBs)
Warning, or Hazard Identification Beacons

(HIBs)
Speed Limit Sign Beacon
Stop Beacon
Emergency Vehicle Access Signals

17
Intersection Control Beacons
Used at intersections to control two or

more directions
Flashing indications may operate in two

modes:
Yellow for major street and red for all

other approaches or streets
Red for all approaches

18
Intersection Control Beacon
Mast Arm Mounted
Span Wire Mounted

19
Warning or Hazard Identification Beacons
Used to emphasize warning signs
Alert drivers when obstructions are in or

immediately adjacent to roadway
Active or passive system
Flashing indications are yellow
20
Hazard Identification Beacon

(Active)
21

(Active)
22

(Active)
23

(Passive)
24
Speed Limit Sign Beacon
25
Emergency Vehicle Access Signals
Assigns right-of-way to
emergency vehicles
When activated, traffic

signals display short
duration of quick flash
yellow followed by solid
red
Signals display flashing

yellow indications at all
other times
26
Special Traffic Control Signals
One Lane, Two-Way Facility
Lane-Use Control Signals
Traffic Control for Movable Bridges
Freeway Entrance Ramp Control Signals
27
Lane-Use Control Signals
Highway Application
Non-Highway Application
28
Traffic Control for Movable Bridges
29
Freeway Entrance Ramp Control Signals

(Not Currently in use in MD)
30
Special Devices
Flag-in-the-Air Intersection Control

Device
Traffic Signal Preemption Unit (Receiver)
31
Flag-in-the-Air Intersection Control Device
Provides a highly visible control for stopping vehicular

traffic flow at a school-entering and crossing points
32
Traffic Signal Preemption Unit (Receiver)
The signal controller needs sufficient

time from the emergency vehicle
actuation to change the signal
indications
3 emitters are provided to firehouse

33
Design Request
Form
Interpretation
Origination
34
Design Request Form
35
Contract DR
preparer within
one week to
verify
information
36
37
38
39
40
41
Standards and Guidelines
Manual on Uniform
Traffic Control Devices
(MUTCD)
Application and
Placement
of Regulatory, Warning,
Guide Signs, Traffic
Signals and other
Devices
For traffic signal design:

provides information on
visibility, type of
displays, and
maintenance
42
AASHTO A Policy on
Geometric Design of
Highways and Streets
Provides
guidance to
signal designer on:
Sight distance
Lane width
Geometric design
5 Local
Roads and Streets used in signal design
Chapter
43
AASHTO Roadside Design

Guide
Traffic Barrier W-beam Design
Clear Zone Requirements
Breakaway Support Guidance
44
AASHTO Standard
Specification for Structural
Supports for Highway Signs,
Luminaires and Traffic Signals
Design of Structural
Supports
Fabrication of Structural
Supports
Construction Methods
SHA has not adopted 2001

version. 1994 version still
being used.
45
SHA Design Guidelines
SHAs Maryland Manual on Uniform Traffic Control

Devices
SHAs Standard Sign Book
SHAs Accessibility Guidelines for Pedestrian Facilities

along State Highways
SHAs Guidelines for Traffic Barrier Placement and

End Treatment Design
SHAs Traffic Control Devices Design Manual
SHAs CADD Users Guide

46
Maryland Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices
Documents SHA approved policies and guidelines for traffic

control devices along Maryland streets and highways
47
SHAs Standard Sign Book Standard Signs 2009

Revision
Standard sign sizes, dimensions, and colors
www.marylandroads.com
48
SHA Accessibility Guidelines

for Pedestrian Facilities along
State Highways
Developed to create
accessible routes through
design of public sidewalks
and crossings
Provides guidance on
installation of signal-related
hardware such as:
Cabinet
Poles
Pushbuttons
Provides guidance on use

and design of Accessible
Pedestrian Signals (APS)
49
SHA Guidelines for

Traffic Barrier Placement
and End Treatment
Design
Provides guidance on
computations and
calculations for traffic
barrier placement
Appendix has list of

approved End
Treatments
50
SHA Standards and Specifications
SHAs Book of Standards
SHAs Standard Specifications for

Construction and Materials and General
Provisions for Construction Contracts, Part III
SHAs Special Provisions Inserts, Special

Provisions OOTS Shelf Specs and
Engineering Change Notices by OOTS
51
SHA Book of Standards

Highway & Incidental
Structures
Maintained by SHAs Office

of Highway Development
Provides SHA Engineering

Personnel and Contractors
an up-to-date catalog of
standards
Updates available online at

SHAs website
Sections of most interest to

Signal Designer are
Categories 1, 5, 6, and 8
52
SHA Standard Specifications

(Gray Book)
Specifications
Description
Materials
Construction
Measurement and Payment
Sections of Most Interest to

Signal Designer:
Category 100 Preliminary

Category 500 Paving
Category 600 Shoulders
Category 800 Traffic
53

Electrical Safety
Maryland High-Voltage Line Act: Article 89,

58-63, Annotated Code of Maryland
National Electrical Code (NEC)
National Electrical Safety Code (NESC)
54
Maryland High-Voltage Line Act
"High voltage line" means an

electric line of more than 750
volts
Prohibits the installation of

equipment within 10 of a high
voltage line
Requires affected utility

companies to arrange safety
measures that ensure their
lines are guarded against
accidental contact
More stringent than National

Electric Safety Code
55
National Electrical Code (NEC) 2008
A standard published by the

National Fire Protection
Association (NFPA) and
incorporated in OSHA regulations
Provides guidance on the
installation of conductors and
equipment that connect to the
supply of electricity
NEC is revised on a three-year
cycle
2008 edition is the latest
Frequently, the Maryland High
Voltage Line Act requirements are
more stringent
56
National Electrical Safety Code (NESC)
A standard published by the IEEE
The purpose of the NESC is the

practical safeguarding of persons
during the installation, operation, or
maintenance of electric supply,
communication lines and
associated equipment
Contains the basic

provisions that are considered
necessary for the safety of
employees and the public
Revised on a four-year cycle
2007 edition is the latest

57
Office Data Collection
Latest Signal Plan(s) from TEDD
Highway Design Plans
Electronic Files Preferred

Existing and Proposed
Right-of Way Information
Send Memo to Request Right-of-Way
Two memos if County Right-of-Way required
Utility Plans
Utility Companies
Local Municipalities
Locator Services
58
Initial Site Visit
Field Survey Equipment
Verify and Collect Existing Information
Field Survey Data
Tape and Wheel Measurements
Overhead Utility Heights
Signal Visibility
59
Safety Vest
Gloves (Waterproof)
Tape Measure
Measuring Wheel
Cable Height
Measuring Rod
Screwdrivers (Flathead
and Phillips)
Pick
Pliers
Flashlight
Spray Paint Can
Digital Camera
Waterproof Chalk
Hand Level
Control Cabinet Key
Two-Way Radios
60
61
Field Survey Data to Collect
Road and Lane Widths and

Configurations (i.e. left/
through/right turn lanes)
Traffic Barrier
Curb, Sidewalks, and ADA

compliance
Turn Bays and Islands
Driveways and Entrances
Intersection Skew
Drainage Structures, Pipes,

and Ditches
Roadway Alignment
(Horizontal and Vertical)
Utilities, including Proposed

Electrical Feed
Pavement Markings
Parking
Signing
Traffic Control Devices
Setbacks, Buildings, Fences,

and Walls
Trees and Vegetation

62
Tape and Wheel Survey
Create sketch of intersection

For signalized intersections, note locations
of signal supports and heads
For unsignalized intersections, note
potential locations of signal supports
63
Tape and Wheel Survey

Distances/Offsets (See Tab #2 for Instructions)
Locate Point of Intersection (PI) at 1st leg of intersection

Record distance from PI to surface features using
measuring wheel
Continue measuring for a distance of 1,000 or to
Signal Ahead sign (W3-3)
Measure offset to recorded features from edge of
roadway using cloth tape while walking back toward the
intersection
Repeat steps for the other legs of intersection and for
medians
64
Tape and Wheel Survey Measurements
65
66
67
68
Overhead Measurements
Measure overhead utility line

heights on all corners where
signal structures will be
located (see Tab #2 for
instructions)
Measure vertical clearance of

existing signal heads and
span wire (should be 150
minimum)
Note where measurements

were taken on field sketch
69
Overhead Measurements
Clearance Requirements from Utility Company Cables to SHA Traffic
Signal or Lighting Structures and Cables
Horizontal
Clearance
(Feet)
Vertical
Clearance
(Feet)
A. Neutral Conductors, cables, guys, messengers
B. All other cables not included in A. and <750 volts
C. All other cables not included in either A. or B.
10
10
Cable Type
70
Skew Measurements
For quadrants that do not intersect at 90 , use

the form provided in Tab #2 to record the
appropriate measurements
71
Island Measurements
Measure the
dimensions of all
channelizing islands
and record the
measurements using
the form provided in
Tab #2
72
Signal Visibility Measurements
Measured on approaches where roadway

curvature or other site features create restriction
visibility
Use a two-way radio or cell phone for

communications during this step
Make visibility observations at 100 increments,

measured from the STOP line
73
First person: hold the measuring rod, extended to a

height of 186 (the normal center of a signal head)
at the approximate location of either the left or right
through-traffic signal head, whichever provides the
best visibility
Second person: make the observations with eye

level at approximately 36 (driver eye height) from
the middle-left side of the lane that has the most
restricted sight distance
74
Record the distance where the top of rod is no

longer visible and compare it to the minimum sight
distance for the prevailing speed of the road
(assume 10 MPH over the posted speed if not
designated in the DR)
If the sight distance is less than required, set up the

rod at a location where the required visibility can be
achieved and where it is feasible to mount a signal
head
75
76
Interior of Control Cabinet
77
Control Cabinet Components

1 - Controller Unit
2 - Bus Interface Unit (BIU)
3 - Rack-mounted Modules
4 - Power Supply Unit (PSU)
5 - Back Panel Terminal Strips
6 - Central Control Unit for

Accessible Pedestrian
Signals (APS)
7 - Malfunctioning Monitor Unit
9 - Loop Detectors Amplifier

Interface Panel
10 - Fuse Box and Power Supply
11 - Flasher Transfer Relays
12 - Terminal Strip
13 - Conduit Stub-outs
14 - Night Light
15 - Telephone Modem
16 - Intersection Documentation
8 - Telemetry Interface Panel

78
Base Mounted vs. Pole Mounted
Base Mounted
Preferred for all new traffic signals
Sufficient space for all control equipment
Provides flexibility for additional control equipment in future
Pole Mounted
Consider if there is right-of-way constraints for new signals
Preferred for temporary traffic signals
79
Signal Control Unit
Keypad for entering

information
Connectors
A Provides power to
controller. As well as Inputs
and Outputs (I/O) to cabinet
B & C Provide various
Inputs and Outputs (I/O) for
intersection control
D Provides
communication, preemption
and expanded detection
capabilities
80
Bus Interface Unit (BIU)
Provides
communication link
between detector
rack and controller
81
Types of Rack-Mounted Modules

Vehicle Detection
Four Channel Loop Amplifier

82

Vehicle Detection
Video Detector Module

Mini-Hub
Communication Hub to Controller
Video Detector
Communications Interface Panel
83
4 Channel Opticom Discriminator Module

for Emergency Vehicle/Bus Preemption
84
External Power Supply Unit
Supplies 24V DC
power to the Loop
Amplifier Rack
85
Back Panel Terminal Strips
Wiring terminals to hard-wire Inputs/Outputs for the

controller
Low Voltage (DC)
86
Control Unit for Accessible Pedestrian Signals (APS)
Designed to work with the

pedestrian pushbutton
APS uses the pedestrian signal
head indications
WALK indication activates the

APS
87
Malfunctioning Monitor Unit
Monitors voltage of cabinet

components to ensure that the
proper operating range is
maintained
Monitors all field colors
Prevents two conflicting green
indications from being
illuminated at the same time
Communicates with controller
via SDLC cable
88
Telemetry Interface Panel and Phone Block
2400 bps FSK 12 pair 19 AWG (voice

grade) cable
RS-232 2400 - 19.2K bps
Telemetry
Interface Panel
Phone Block
(For terminating telemetry cable)
89
Loop Detectors Amplifier Interface Panel
Connects field loops to the

vehicle detector amplifiers
Ground bus terminal provided
between each loop pair
terminal to allow termination of
loop lead-in cable ground wire
90
Fuse Box and Power Supply Strip
Allows access to main and

auxiliary breakers without
removing front cover
Supply power to utility outlet
91
Load Switches and Flasher Transfer Relays
Load Switches
Receive outputs from

controller which are
relayed to signal control
terminal strips
Converts 24-Volt DC from
controller to 120-Volt AC
for signal heads
Flasher Transfer Relays

Flash mode
Used when Malfunctioning

Management Unit (MMU)
overrides signal system
Signal placed in flash
either manually or through
TOD program
92
Terminal Strip (Signals)
Wiring Terminals for Field Connections
Signal Heads
Pedestrian Heads
Push Buttons
93
Conduit Stub-outs in Base of Control Cabinet with Cables
Provides access for power, communications and

interconnect cables
94
Night Light
Provides light when night work

is being performed in cabinet
95
Telephone Modem
Provides communications
access from remote
location enabling SHA to
control and monitor
intersection operations
96
Intersection Documentation
Timing Charts
Cabinet Prints
Intersection Plan
97
Conduit and Cabling System Documentation

(For Rebuild Projects)
Verify additional cables can be placed in

conduit by visual observation
Verify conduit is not blocked/crushed by using

chalk method to determine whether existing
cable can move
98
Conduit and Cabling System Documentation

(For Rebuild Projects)
(Handhole with stubouts and cables)

99
Conduit Fill
SHAs allowable conduit fill

percentages (based on crosssectional area)
25% for new

installations
40% is the maximum
when using existing
systems
Conduit
Wires
Reasons to limit conduit fill
Limit excessive heat

production in conduit
Constructability
100
Initial Site Visit
Identify Conceptual Locations of Design

Elements
Poles
Signal Heads
Cabinet(s)
Pedestrian Pushbuttons, Sidewalk Ramps
Crosswalk and Roadway Markings
Signs
Vehicle Detectors
101
Pole Types
Mast Arms
Preferred by SHA
Lengths/combinations of mast arms used by OOTS

Single Arm (Feet)
Double Arm (Feet)
38
50/50
50
50/60
60
50/70
70
102
Pole Types
Mast Arms
10 minimum embedded foundation

Per the MD-MUTCD, the top of the signal housing located over a roadway shall not be more 25.6 feet above the pavement
103
Pole Types
Special T Poles
Special T type poles used to avoid

overhead conflicts
Doesnt have to be used at all four corner of
the intersection to maintain consistency
unless:
Aesthetic Concerns
Engineering Judgment (i.e. using on more than

one corner)
104
Pole Types
Special T Poles
* 15 minimum clearance in MUTCD

105
Pole Types
Strain Poles
May be needed at very wide intersections
May be used for consistency with other adjacent

signals
May be used temporarily

Span Length (Feet)
Strain Pole Size (Inches x Feet)
Less than 150
12 x 30
150 feet to 200
12 x 32
More than 200
14 x 32 (two-ply wall)
STRAIN POLE SIZE BY SPAN LENGTH

106
Pole Types
Strain Poles
Per the MD-MUTCD, the top of the signal housing located over a roadway shall not be more then 25.6 feet above the pavement
107
Pole Types
Pedestal Poles
Primary usage
Pedestrian signal heads
Left turn signals in median of divided highways

(breakaway)
Push buttons (36 above ground)
In special cases
Utility conflicts
Supplemental signals
Some historic districts
Nominal Pole Heights (including Transformer Base)
10, 14, or 20
108
Pole Types
Pedestal Poles (Transformer Base)
109
Pole Types
Pedestal Poles (Breakaway Coupling)
110
Pole Types
Pedestal Poles
111
Pole Location Criteria
2 minimum from face of curb to face of pole (Closedsection road-urban environment)

6 minimum from edge of road to face of pole (Opensection road)
6 from face of building (or vertical obstruction) to face
of pole
5 minimum to gas lines from outside of foundation
4 minimum to face of existing pole foundations and
back of w-beam to the face of pole
Within SHAs Right-of-Way
Must meet ADA requirements for accessible design
Corner sight distance not impacted
112
Pole Location Criteria
113
Signal Head Location Assumptions
Number of Heads
Minimum of two heads per movement
Third head is required when

85th percentile speed greater than 50 mph and
Distance to last signal is greater than 3 miles
114
Signal Head Location Assumptions
Location of signal
heads
Minimum distance
from stop line is 40
Maximum distance
from stop line is 120
with no near-side
signal
115
Signal Head Placement

Permissive Phasing
116

Permissive Phasing
117

Permissive Phasing
118

Permissive Phasing
119

Exclusive/Permissive Phasing
120

121

122

123

Exclusive Phasing
124

Exclusive Phasing
125

Exclusive Phasing
126

Exclusive Phasing
127

Split Phasing
128

Split Phasing
129

Split Phasing
130
Control Cabinet Location Considerations
Proximity to power feed

Proximity to interconnect
conduit system
Corner sight distance not
impacted
Signal indications can be
viewed from cabinet
Avoid susceptibility to run-offthe-road accidents
Sufficient right-of-way
available to permit easy
access
Avoid blocking ADA path
131
Pedestrian Pushbuttons
Pedestrian Pushbuttons should be located as

follows
Adjacent to a level all-weather surface to provide

access from a wheel chair, and where there is an allweather surface, wheel chair accessible route to ramp
(max. 18 reach to pushbutton)
Within 5 of crosswalk extended
Within 10 of edge of curb, shoulder, or pavement
But a minimum of 2 from face of curb
Provide a minimum of 32 of clearance

Tactile arrows oriented parallel to crosswalk to be used
132
APS Worksheet
133
Pedestrian Pushbutton Locations

(Design to accommodate APS)
134
135

(Median Pushbutton Issues)
Length of crossing
Signal Phasing
Number of pedestrians
Width of Median
136
Sidewalks
Minimum width is 60
Minimum width at isolated pinch points, maximum
24 in length, is 32
*This does not include the top of curb
Maximum cross-slope is 48:1 (2%)
Anything less must have an approved design waiver
137
Sidewalk Ramps
Legislation requires that a ramp be provided at

pedestrian walkways, which are intersected by
curbs. SHA standard ramps are generally
compliant with the currently accepted guidelines.
However, the standards do not address all potential
conditions and constraints. Additional ramp
designs are provided within the referenced
guidelines.
In cases where none of these standards or
designs is appropriate, the designer is required
to provide detailed designs for the special
ramps.
138
Sidewalk Ramps
Maximum running slope is 12:1
Along existing roadways, all slopes shall be

measured independent to the surrounding
terrain. Therefore, the length of the ramp is
solely dependent on the height of the curb.
6 Curb 6 Ramp Length
8 Curb = 8 Ramp Length
139
Sidewalk Ramps
(Preferred Design)
140
Sidewalk Ramps
Flared Design Typical for Ramp with Wide Sidewalk

141
Sidewalk Ramps
Tapered Design Typical for Ramp with Narrow Sidewalk
142
Median Treatments
143
Sidewalk Ramps
144
Sidewalk Ramps
145
Crosswalks, Stop Lines, and Pavement Markings
146
Pavement Markings
Lane Drop Markings
147
Pavement Markings
Double Left Turn Lane

Markings
148
Pavements Markings
Turn Bay Markings
149
Roadway Signing
Overhead Street Name Signs D-3(1) *See

Standard Sign Book
Installed on all legs of intersection
Mounted near left and far right, dual faced
When different street names on either side

of intersection, left side name on left sign
and right side name on right sign
20 max height
Dual faced if 16 or 20
150
Roadway Signing
151
Roadway Signing
Route Marker Assemblies
Facing side street intersections along numbered

routes
Mounted near right and far left, preferably on

signal support
Near side shield assembly 24 for 2 digits or 30

for 3 digits x 48 high
Far side assembly 36 for 2 digits or 48 for 3
digits x 72 high
152
Roadway Signing
Route Marker Placement

153
Roadway Signing
Route Marker Placement

154
Roadway Signing
Signal Warning Signs W3-3
Install when signal visibility

requirements are not met
Install new panel W1614(1) with two flags atop

the sign panel for new
installations; sign to
remain for 1-3 months
Required on side road

approaches over 35 MPH
155
Roadway Signing
Advance street name signs required on all approaches
D3-2
D-3(2)
Note: If D3-2 is the permanent sign to remain, for all new traffic signals
install both D3-2 and W3-3 with new plaque signs and District forces
will remove W3-3 sign after 90 days.
156
Roadway Signing
Pedestrian Push
Button Sign R10-3(1)
Name of street being

crossed, designated
on top section of sign
Make note in
construction details
157
Types of Detectors
Non-intrusive (preferred)
Video detection
Non-Invasive Microloop Probe detectors
Intrusive detectors
Inductive loop detectors
Microloop probes
158
Video Detection
One video camera is required per

intersection approach (presence
detection)
At locations with traffic signals on mast

arms, the video camera should be:
Attached to mast arm on the far-side

of intersection
At locations with traffic signals on span

wire, the video camera should be
located on the strain pole or lighting
bracket. Video detection is not
effective if poles are set back
significantly from the roadway.
Video Camera Installation
159
Video Detection
Installation Issues:
Lighting brackets
Overhead utilities
Presence and passage detection
System detection
Distance from camera to detection zone
Shadow effects
Part-time signals (school signal)

160
Non-Invasive MicroLoop Probe

(Preferred for Passage Detection)
Used for passage detection on mainline and minor approaches

and located based on dilemma zone chart
Installed in 3 diameter schedule 80 PVC tube
Sense disruption of Earths magnetic field
Used exclusively for passage detection
Used in lieu of vertically mounted probes
Used in high speed, high volume traffic conditions
Used if resurfacing is anticipated in the near future
Used if lane patterns will shift
Handhole installed with long dimension perpendicular to edge
of road
Available lead-in lengths are 500 and 1,000 feet
161
162
163
Inductive Loop Detectors
Loop detectors create an electrical field at the

surface of the roadway
Connected to controller via two conductor
aluminum shielded cables; creates a continuous
run of wire from controller to loop detector and
back again
Need to avoid surface features (manholes, gas
valve, etc.)
Avoid installing in deteriorated pavement
(susceptible to failure)
Avoid long lead-in cables (susceptible to failure)
164
Two types
Large area detectors
Stop line presence detection (6 feet x 30 feet)
Queue detection (6 feet x 20 feet)
Small area detectors
System or Passage detection (6 feet x 6 feet)
165
Large Area Detectors
Located 12 behind the stop line
Quadruple design
3 longitudinal sawcuts
Figure 8 wrap pattern
3-6-3 in asphalt
2-4-2 in concrete
Used for presence detection on minor approaches or

ramps and mainline approaches with left or right turn
phasing
Labeled Delay Output when used for exclusive right
turn lanes or left turn lanes with exclusive/permissive
phasing
166
Small Area Detectors
Used for passage detection on mainline and minor

approaches and located based on dilemma zone
chart
Used for system detection on mainline and located

beyond intersection
Four turn wrap pattern
167

Sawcut
168
Microloop Probes
Sense disruption of Earths magnetic field

Used exclusively for passage detection on mainline and
minor approaches; located based on dilemma zone chart
Grouped in sets of 3, which are installed in 1 diameter
holes drilled vertically in the road surface
Not to be used in the following situations:
In concrete pavement or tunnels
Around power lines or rail lines
On bridge decks
Lead-ins run in a 3/8 inch wide slot from probe set to

controller (available lead-in lengths are 500 and
1,000)
169
Dilemma Zone Chart

Distance from STOP Line (Feet)
Travel Speed (MPH)
MAJOR STREETS
MINOR
STREETS
25
180
N/A
30
220
90
35
255
90
40
295
90
45
330
200
50
365
220
55
405
240
60
440
285
170
Handhole Installation
Should not be placed at a low point
Maximum handhole spacing is 200
171
Conduit Installation Methods
Trenched - in grass or dirt
Bored (directional-drilled) - under pavement
Must test pit if crossing utilities
Slotted - in pavement surfaces where it

cannot be bored (utilities or constructability)
172
Conduit System
Schedule 80 PVC conduits are used for most runs

between handholes, controller and pole bases
2 or 3 inch minimum conduit trenched
3 or 4 inch minimum conduit bored/slotted
Detector sleeves are used from handhole to edge of

travel lanes
1 inch liquid-tight flexible non-metallic conduit (runs

less than 6)
1 inch galvanized electrical conduit (runs greater

than 6)
173
Conduit Installation
Bored Under Pavement
174
Conduit Installation
Considerations
Underground utilities (need to test pit)

Boring requires 20 of clearance for boring
machine
Slope will hand digging be required?
Sidewalk need to repair
Location of driveways
Has roadway been recently resurfaced or

scheduled to be?
175
Preemption Equipment
Identify Preemption Equipment locations for

Firehouses, Train Crossings, Emergency Vehicles,
Buses
Push Button
Opticom Receivers
Optimal line of sight is 1,500
Consider measures to clear queues for emergency

vehicles
Coordinate method of actuation with fire house chief
Hard-wire signal if within 800 of intersection

176
Potential Utility Conflicts
Signal designer
responsible for
modifications
needed to meet
standards
Arrange meeting
with utility
companies if
conflict cannot
be avoided
and/or cost for
relocation
Insulated Primary Cable is less than 10 from signal cable
177
Avoiding Utility Conflicts
Use special T
type pole or cut
mast arm pole
to 21 to avoid
some overhead
conflicts
Install
underground
conduit system
to avoid
existing
overhead
conflicts
Insulated Primary Cable is less than 10 from signal cable
178
Electrical Service
Identify electrical facilities in project area
TEDD Project Manager to prepare Power Location

form letter (except in District 4 where TOD will
prepare). Letter should include 3 copies of a plan
highlighting the proposed power feed location.
Base Mounted Transformer
Pole Mounted Transformer

179
Electrical Service
Overhead
Base Mounted Cabinet
Pole Mounted Cabinet

180
Electrical Service
Underground (Preferred)
(Alternate method)
Base Mounted Cabinet

(Preferred method for underground electrical service)
181
Base Map
From available plans/plats, site visit data

(tape and wheel survey) or by professional
surveyor, develop the base map, showing:
Roadway Geometrics
Existing Topographic Features
Poles, Signal Heads and Cabinet (Rebuild

Projects)
Sign Structures, Crosswalks and Roadway
Markings
Detectors and Utilities, including Cable Heights
Right-of-Way Lines
182
Roadway Geometrics
183

Poles, Cabinet, and Signal Heads
184

Signs, Crosswalk, and Roadway Markings
185

Detectors and Utilities (with Cable Heights)
186
Right-of-Way
187
Preliminary Investigation (PI) Plan Development
Add field-located, proposed equipment to the

Base Map:
Signal Poles, Head Locations and Cabinet

Sign Locations and Numbering
Pedestrian Pushbuttons, Sidewalk Ramps,
Crosswalks and Roadway Markings
Vehicle Detectors
Lighting (Not applicable at Sample Location)
Pre-emption Equipment (Not applicable at
Sample Location)
HIBs (Not applicable at Sample Location)
188
Field Located
Proposed Signal Poles, Heads, and Cabinet
189
Field Located
Proposed Sign Locations and Numbering
190
Field Located
Proposed Ramps, Crosswalks, and Roadway Markings
191
Field Located
Proposed Vehicle Detectors
192
Title Block with Intersection Name
193
North Arrow Note
Typically located in the upper left corner of plan
Typically oriented up (i.e., above the horizontal

axis)
Note assumed direction of major street, either

EW or NS (basis for numbering signal
indications)
194
Signal Head Legend

Sample
195
Signal Head Numbering
Numbered on the plan uniformly using the following

criteria:
Mainline signals numbered first
If Mainline runs in a north-south direction, signal heads facing

northbound traffic are numbered first
If Mainline runs in an east-west direction, signal heads facing

eastbound traffic are numbered first
Minor roads are numbered next using the same rules as above
Signal heads are numbered in increasing order from left to right
Near-side heads are numbered first on each approach
Pedestrian heads and signs are numbered last using the same rules
as above
196
Signal Head Numbering
197
Sign Legend
Sample
198
NEMA Phasing Diagram
Typically located in upper right hand corner of

the plan
Follow NEMA Phasing Number Convention
Major Street
Left turn signals (Phases 1 and 5)

Thru signals (Phases 2 and 6)
Minor Street
Left turn signals (Phases 3 and 7)

Thru signals (Phases 4 and 8)
199
NEMA Phasing
Number Convention
Main Street direction based on North Arrow
For split phasing, use Phases 3 and 4 only

for the side streets
At a T intersection, side street is Phase 4
200
NEMA Phasing
Number Convention
201
NEMA Phasing
Number Convention
202
NEMA Phasing
Number Convention
203
NEMA Phasing Diagram

Sample
Connect the phase circles using the appropriate type of line
Solid line phases do not operate concurrently
Dashed line phases may operate concurrently
204
Final Design
Additions/Refinements to the PI Plan
Quantities and Cost Estimates
Specifications
Final Design Check
Final Review Meetings
Submission Requirements
205
Additions/Refinements to the PI Plan
Signal Plan Sheet
Detailed Plan
Revisions to Reflect PI Meeting Comments
Handhole and Conduit Layout
Dimensions to Proposed Equipment
Construction Details
Special Notes
Revision Block
General Notes
206
Detailed Plan
Verify feasibility of field-located equipment
Add dimensions to equipment and pavement

markings
Add Construction Detail Letters and Special

Note References
207
Detailed Plan
208
Provides sufficient information to guide the

Contractor in constructing the project in
accordance with the design
Use letter identification from A to ZZ, as many as

needed, corresponding with the plan sheet
Initially, group notes according to proposed

features (for example: poles, conduit, handholes,
pavement markings, removal of existing devices,
etc.)
Letters are shown in circles on the plan
Same letter may appear more than once (e.g.

install handhole note will appear many times)
209
210
Special Notes
Sample
Instructions to the Contractor on construction methods
May address recurring issues (e.g. not blocking view of existing

signals for rebuild project) or project specific issues (e.g. be
particularly cautious when working around a specific utility)
211
Revision Block
Sample
Includes previous revisions from latest record plan
Describes proposed revisions - Identified with next letter in
the alphabet
212
General Notes
Sample
Typical General Notes
Disclaimer regarding overhead/underground utility information
Instructions for sidewalk repair if damaged
Instructions for equipment removal
ADA/APS compliance notes
Foundations installed at proper grade
213
Signal Plan Sheet
214
Typical General Information Sheet
215
Project Description
Sample
Type of work planned

Intersection location and
directional assumptions
Intersection operation
Controller requirements
and phone line installation
requirement
APS notes
216
MOT References
Sample
List the applicable temporary traffic control typical

applications from SHAs Book of Standards
MD 104 Series
217
Project Contacts
Sample
The names and titles of the following SHA personnel
Assistant District Engineer Traffic
Assistant District Engineer Maintenance
Assistant District Engineer Utilities
Chief, Traffic Operations Division
Utility Company Representative
218
Signal Head Wiring
Use 7 conductor cable for combinations of 3, 4, or 5

section signal heads serving one direction
Use 5 conductor jumper cable for 3 section heads
For exclusive left-turn phasing, use (2) 7 conductor

cables, one for the thru heads and one for the turn
heads
Use 5 conductor cable for each pedestrian signal

head
Use 2 conductor cable for all pushbuttons

219
Electrical Service Wiring
Coordinate with utility company to determine

the appropriate electrical service to request
Use (3) 1 conductor cable, No. 8 AWGTHHN/THWN from metered service pedestal
to cabinet
Use (3) 1 conductor, 2/0 cables from metered

service pedestal to utility pole when getting
service from Pepco
220
Detector Wiring
For Loop Detectors
Use a separate 2 conductor (Aluminum

shielded) cable for each loop detector
For Video Detection
Use control cable for each video detection

camera
Specify cable lead-in length required upto

500
221
Wiring Diagram
Sample
Diagram shows electrical cable routing for:
Signal heads
Luminaries
Detectors
Push buttons
Power
Communications
Control cabinet
222
Wiring Diagram
Sample
223
Wiring Types and Sizes Used by SHA

Device/Application
Cable Type
Size
Pedestrian Push Button
2 Conductor Electrical Cable
No. 14 A.W.G.
Photocell; Single Head HIB
No. 14 A.W.G. (*)
Pedestrian Signal Head
No. 14 A.W.G.
1 and 2-Section Signal Heads, 3Section Head with Arrows, Jumper

Wire
No. 14 A.W.G.
4 and 5-Section Signal Heads
No. 14 A.W.G.
Red Signal Ahead HIB
12 Pair Jelly Filled
No. 19 A.W.G.
Loop Wire
1 Conductor in 1/4" Flexible PVC Conduit
No. 14 A.W.G.
Loop Detector Lead-In Cable
2 Conductor (Aluminum Shielded)
No. 14 A.W.G.
Micro-Loop Probe Sets
1 Conductor Micro-Loop Lead In
No. 22 A.W.G.
Opticom Detector
4 Conductor Opticom Detector Cable
No. 20 A.W.G.
Roadway Luminaire
2 Conductor Electrical Cable Type T/C
No. 12 A.W.G.
Interconnect (Underground)
12 Pair Jelly-Filled
No. 19 A.W.G.
Interconnect (Overhead)
12 Pair Self-Supporting
No. 19 A.W.G.
Grounding
Stranded Bare Copper Ground Wire
No. 6 A.W.G.
Power Feed
No. 4 A.W.G. or No. 8 A.W.G.
Electrical Service
Size/type not shown but designated as PS between the power source and controller
cabinet.
Telephone Service
5 pair
No. 22 A.W.G.
224
Grounding
Mast Arm Installation
Run continuous ground:

Between control cabinet and handholes containing 110V
AC cables
At the bases of mast arm pole structures
Span Wire Designs
Run continuous ground:

From strain poles to the ground rod and nearest handhole
From pedestal poles to the ground rod and nearest
handhole
225
Grounding
226
Check Conduit Fill
227
Conduit Fill Limits
228
Phase Chart
Along top of chart, show numbered signal heads
In left-hand column, list sequence of NEMA signal

phases and change intervals
In middle of table, show the signal indications for

each signal head by phase
In the far right-hand column, show movements

being served by each phase diagrammatically and
those that are stopped
Below chart, add special notes as required

229
Phase Chart
Sample
230
Equipment List
List A: Equipment Supplied by SHA
4-Channel Loop Detector Amplifiers
Cabinet Intersection Monitor (size 5 or 6)
Cabinet Master with Telemetry
Controller
Video Interface Equipment
Sheet Aluminum Signs (including hardware)

231
Equipment List
List B: Equipment Supplied and/or Installed by the

Contractor
Format Varies by Construction Type:

Areawide Contractor
SHA Forces
Insert Project
Items not appearing in Construction Details or

Wiring Details:
Maintenance of Traffic
232
Equipment List
List C: Equipment removed by Contractor
Used when existing Controller Equipment is being

replaced
Contact SHA Signal Maintenance Shop to pickup

Controller and Auxiliary Equipment
All other equipment shall become property of the

Contractor
233
Equipment Lists
Sample
234
SHA Category Codes
Provides a list of item

numbers to be used
when preparing an
estimate (insert
projects)
235
Quantity Takeoff
Estimating Tables and Shortcuts
Documentation
236
Many items can be directly measured or counted
Signal Supports
Signal Heads per Section
Microloop Probe Sets
Cabinet/Controllers
Controller/Distribution equipment
Conduit
Sawcut
Luminaries
Bracket Arms
Removal of Marking (Letter or Arrow)
Signs
Pavement Markings
237
Cable Measurements
Use total measured quantity plus 10%

(accounts for handholes, cable slack,
connections, splices, and drip loops)
Include pole height in the measurements

when cable runs from ground level to
overhead and sag on span wire
Loop detector measurements

238

LOOP WIRE ESTIMATE CHART
Loop Size
# Turns
Wire Length (Feet)1
6 x 6
96
3-6-3
396
2-4-2
264
3-6-3
286
2-4-2
184
6 x 30
6 x 20
2 times the distance from detector to the handhole + 5% for the total length
239

Concrete for Pole Foundations
FOUNDATION CONCRETE ESTIMATE CHART
Pole Type
Arm Length or Pole Size
Concrete
Required
Pedestal
10 feet or 14 feet
12 inches x 30 feet
12inches x 32 feet
14 inches x 32 feet
38 feet Single
50 feet Single and Twin
60 feet and 70 feet Single
50 feet/60 feet and 50 feet/70 feet Twin
Strain
Mast Arm
240
Wood Posts
Required length per post equals

height of the sign + 7 feet (clearance
to ground) + 5 feet for 4 x 4 or 4 x
6 posts or 6 feet for 6 x 6 or 6 x 8
posts (embedment).
Round up to the next whole number.

241
Cost Estimating
Equipment List A:
Use the latest published rates from TEDD
Equipment List B:
Construction by areawide Contractor
Use contract bid prices
Construction by roadway Contractor (insert

project)
Use SHA Price Index and Bid Tabulations

from recent contracts
Estimator
Industry trends
242
Cost Estimating
243
Specifications
Standard Specifications
Special Provisions
Spec Manager
Shelf Specifications
Interim Specification Amendments (ISAs)
244
Standard Specifications
SHA Standard Specifications

(Gray Book)
Specifications
Description
Materials
Construction
Measurement and Payment
Standards Specifications can

only be modified by the signal
designer through a special
provision
245
Shelf Specifications
OOTS Shelf specifications are only available on

SHAs intranet website
Shelf Specifications from Spec Manager
246
OOTS Shelf Specifications

FileName
Description
Section No
107MOD2001AW.DOC
SECTION 107 CONSTRUCTION STAKEOUT
107
107MOD2001INSERT.DOC
SECTION 107 CONSTRUCTION STAKEOUT
107
804.DOC
SECTION 804 - GROUNDING
804
806MOD2001.DOC
SECTION 806-LUMINAIRES AND LAMPS
806
BALANCE.DOC
CATEGORY 950 - TRAFFIC MATERIALS

SECTION 950.15 TRAFFIC SIGNAL HEADS
950
CATCUMOD2001.DOC
CATEGORY 800 - TRAFFIC

CATALOG CUTS AND WORKING DRAWINGS
800
DUCT.DOC
SECTION 950.06-ELECTRICAL CABLE AND WIRE
950
F&IMAST2003.DOC
CATEGORY 800 - TRAFFIC - MAST ARMS AND MAST ARM POLES SINGLE, TWIN AND TRIPLE
800
F&IPEDL2003.DOC
CATEGORY 800 - TRAFFIC - GALVANIZED TRAFFIC SIGNAL

PEDESTAL POLES AND TRANSFORMER BASES
800
F&ISTRA2003.DOC
FOUNDATIONS.DOC
INTERIMAUDIBLEPED.DOC
LED_SIGNALS.DOC
CATEGORY 800 - TRAFFIC - GALVANIZED TRAFFIC SIGNAL

STRAIN POLES
CATEGORY 800 - TRAFFIC - SECTION 801 - CONCRETE
FOUNDATIONS (NOTE: CORRECTION REGARDING ANCHOR
BOLTS)
CATEGORY 800 - TRAFFIC - AUDIBLE/TACTILE PEDESTRIAN
PUSHBUTTON STATION AND SIGNS
CATEGORY 800 - TRAFFIC - LED TRAFFIC SIGNAL MODULES
800
801
800
800
247
OOTS Shelf Specifications

FileName
Description
Section No
NEWPAINT2.DOC
CATEGORY 800 - TRAFFIC PAINTING NEW GALVANIZED STRUCTURES
800
NON-INVASIVE.DOC
CATEGORY 800 - TRAFFIC - NON-INVASIVE, MAGNETO-INDUCTIVE

MICROLOOP DETECTOR - THIS SHOULD BE USED IN CONJUCTION WITH
SHELF TYPICAL 815.03
800
REDSGLED.DOC
SECTION 800 - RED SIGNAL AHEAD LED SIGNS
800
REM_SAL2001_1.DOC
CATEGORY 800 - TRAFFIC SIGNAL EQUIPMENT TURN ON, PICK UP,

REMOVAL AND MAINTENANCE
800
REMOVESIGNS.DOC
CATEGORY 800 - TRAFFIC - SECTION 822 - REMOVE AND RELOCATE

EXISTING SIGNS AND SIGN STRUCTURES
822
REPAINT_WEATHERED.DOC
CATEGORY 800 - TRAFFIC - RE-PAINTING PREVIOUSLY PAINTED

GALVANIZED STRUCTURES
800
SIGNLIT2001.DOC
CATEGORY 800 -SIGN LIGHTING SYSTEM
800
SPANWIRE.DOC
SECTION 819 - STEEL SPAN WIRE
819
TEMPWETTAPE.DOC
TEMPORARY WET REFLECTIVE PAVEMENT MARKINGS
104
TUBESIGN2MOD2001.DOC
CATEGORY 800 TRAFFIC

SQUARE PERFORATED TUBULAR STEEL POSTS
800
UTIL-CON-MOD2001.DOC
CATEGORY 800 - TRAFFIC

UTILITY CONNECTIONS, AND UTILITY STAKEOUT
800
VIDEO_DETECTION.DOC
CATEGORY 800 - TRAFFIC - VIDEO TRAFFIC DETECTION SYSTEM
800
WEATHERED_PAINT.DOC
CATEGORY 800 - TRAFFIC - PAINTING WEATHERED GALVANIZED

STRUCTURES
800
248
Interim Specification Amendments
Interim Specification Amendments
Inserts are available from SHAs external

website http://www.sha.state.md.us/
249
Final Design Checklist
Use Traffic Signal

Checklist for TEDD
Projects (See Tab 3)
Must be submitted with

Final Review Plans
250

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Office of Traffic and Safety

Traffic Control Device Training

Traffic Signal Design

Introduction to Signal Design

Discussion of Design Request

Standards and Guidelines for Signal Design

Office and Field Survey Data Collection

Conceptual Location of Signal Design Elements

Office of Traffic and Safety Traffic Control Device Training

Traffic Signal Design

Create Stronger Base of Knowledge and

Introduce Signal Design to Staff Working in

Provide Overview of SHAs Signal Design

Office of Traffic and Safety Traffic Control Device Training

Traffic Signal Design

Responsibilities of the Signal Design Engineer

Conforms with the Design Request, FHWA &

Is completed in an approved format, with all of

Is consistent/compatible with other Construction

Can be built within the available budget

Office of Traffic and Safety Traffic Control Device Training

Traffic Signal Design

Responsibilities of the Signal Design Engineer

Can be built within available right-of-way

Is not in conflict with existing or proposed utilities

Does not create environmental or property impacts

Is submitted for signatures at least one week in

Office of Traffic and Safety Traffic Control Device Training

Traffic Signal Design

Definition of Traffic Control Signal

A traffic control signal (traffic signal) shall

Office of Traffic and Safety Traffic Control Device Training

Traffic Signal Design

Traffic Control Signals

Office of Traffic and Safety Traffic Control Device Training

Traffic Signal Design

Traffic Control Signals

Exclusive/Permissive Left Turn

Exclusive Left Turn Arrows

Traffic Signal Design

Traffic Control Signals

Traffic Signal Design

Pedestrian Signals and Devices

Midblock, Pedestrian Crosswalk Signals

Pedestrian Warning Beacons

Office of Traffic and Safety Traffic Control Device Training

Traffic Signal Design

Pedestrian Signal at Intersections

Office of Traffic and Safety Traffic Control Device Training

Traffic Signal Design

Midblock Pedestrian Crosswalk Signals

Office of Traffic and Safety Traffic Control Device Training

Traffic Signal Design

Pedestrian Warning Beacon

Office of Traffic and Safety Traffic Control Device Training

Traffic Signal Design

Pedestrian Signals and Devices