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Economic Dispatch Termal-1-Hand Out
Economic Dispatch Termal-1-Hand Out
UNIT-UNIT PEMBANGKIT
TERMAL
INTRODUCTION
Introduce techniques of power system
optimization
Introduce Lagrange Multiplier method of
solution
The system consists of N thermal generating
units connected to a single bus-bar serving
a received electrical load Pload
F1
P1
F2
P2
Pload
FN
PN
Problem Formulation :
The objective function, FT ,, is equally to the total cost
for supplying the indicated load.
The problem is to minimize FT subject to the constraint
that the sum of the powers generated must equal the
received load.
Transmission losses are neglected
FT = F1 + F2 + F3 + ........... + FN
N
F (P )
i
i =1
= 0 = Pload
i =1
LAGRANGE function :
= FT +
L dFi ( Pi )
=
= 0
Pi
dPi
dFi
0=
dPi
, atau
dFi
=
dPi
N equations
Pi , min Pi Pi ,max
2N inequalities
P = P
i
i =1
load
1 constraint
dFi
=
dPi
for
dFi
=
dPi
for
Pi = Pi , max
dFi
=
dPi
for
Pi = Pi ,min
START
Economic Dispatch by
Lambda Iteration method
SET
CALCULATE Pi
FOR i = 1 .. N
CALCULATE
= Pload
i =1
FIRST ITERATION?
YES
NO
<
TOLERANCE?
NO
YES
PRINT SCHEDULE
PROJECT
END
dF 1
dP 1
(R/MWh)
dF 3
dP 3
(R/MWh)
(R/MWh)
P1(MW)
P2(MW)
+ +
+
PR = P1 + P2 + P3
P3(MW)
(1)
Error :
( Pi)-PR
(3)
(2)
(3)
(2)
Lambda Projections
(1)
EXAMPLE 3A :
No.
Unit
Unit 1
System
Input
OutputMax
(MW)
InputMin
(MW)
Fuel Cost
(R/Mbtu)
MBtu
Coal-Fired
H
.0 + 7.2 P1 + 0.00142 P12
=2 510
1
MBtu
MBtu
MBtu
2 2
Steam
H13
.00.+0
P
+3P0+.h
00142
===510
78
+ 7+
7..2797
0+.0
00482
310
.85
.00194
P1 P3P
1P
600
150
1.1
hhh
Input-Output Curve
Unit 2
Oil-Fired
Steam
MBtu
2
H2
= 310.0 + 7.85 P2 + 0.00194 P2
h
400
100
1.0
Unit 3
Oil-Fired
Steam
MBtu
2
H3
= 78.0 + 7.97 P3 + 0.00482 P3
h
200
50
1.0
dF1
= 7.92 + 0.003124 P1 =
dP1
dF2
= 7.85 + 0.00388P2 =
dP2
dF3
= 7.97 + 0.00964P3 =
dP3
= 9.148 R/MWh
P1 = 393.2 MW
P2 = 334.6 MW
P3 = 122.2 MW
P1 + P2 + P3 = 850 MW
Optimal Economic
Solution
EXAMPLE 3B :
No.
Unit
System
Input
Input-Output Curve
OutputMax
(MW)
InputMin
(MW)
Fuel Cost
(R/Mbtu)
Unit 1
Coal-Fired
Steam
MBtu
2
H1
= 510.0 + 7.2 P1 + 0.00142 P1
h
600
150
0.9
Unit 2
Oil-Fired
Steam
MBtu
2
H2
= 310.0 + 7.85 P2 + 0.00194 P2
h
400
100
1.0
Unit 3
Oil-Fired
Steam
MBtu
2
H3
= 78.0 + 7.97 P3 + 0.00482 P3
h
200
50
1.0
dF1
= 6.48 + 0.00256 P1 =
dP1
dF2
= 7.85 + 0.00388P2 =
dP2
dF3
= 7.97 + 0.00964P3 =
dP3
= 8.284 R/MWh
P1 = 704.6 MW
P2 = 111.8 MW
P3 = 32.6 MW
P1 + P2 + P3 = 850 MW
P1 > 600 MW (max)
P3 < 50 MW (min)
dF 2
=
dP2
dF 1
=
dP1
dF 3
=
dP3
= 8.626 R / MWh
P2 = 200
= 8.016 R / MWh
P2 = 600
= 8.452 R / MWh
P3 = 50
dF 2
= 7.85 + 0.00388P2 =
dP2
= 8.576 R/MWh
P2 = 187.1 MW
dF3
= 7.97 + 0.00964P3 =
dP3
P3 = 62.9 MW
P2 + P3 = 850 P3 = 250 MW
dF1
dP1
= 8.016 R / MWh
P1 = 600 MW
<
dF3
dF2
dan
dP2
dP3
Tugas :
1. Pelajari Bab 3 (sesuai hand out)
2. Pelajari software POWERGEN
N THERMAL UNITS
SERVING LOAD
THROUGH
TRANSMISSION NETWORK
NETWORK LOSSES CONSIDERED