MAIN FUNCTIONS OF PRODUCTION FACILITY

Hori/Vert

Separators
Enginer driven reciprocating compressor
Turbine driven centrifugal compressor

Hori/Vert

Glycol Dehydrator

Hori/Vert

Direct fired heater treaters

Gunbarrel tanks - where oil settles and gets treated
Lease Automatic Custody Transfer (LACT)

Hori/Vert

Skimmer Vessels
Upflow/Downflow CPIs
Floatation units
Cross-flow coalescers/separators
Hydrocyclones
Sedimentation tanks
Hydrocyclones
Filters

AUXILIARY SYSTEMS THAT SUPPORT THE PRODUCTION STATED ABOVE

1 Developing infrastructure to locate the items
Providing utlities to enable the process to work
Generating and distributing electricity
Providing and treating fuel gas or diesel
Providing instrument and power air
Treating water for desalting or boiler feed
Providing facilities
Living quarters
Switchgear and control rooms
Workshops
Cranes
Sewage treatment units
Safety Systems for detecting Hazards

MAKING THE EQUIPMENT WORK

Main items of process equipment have automatic instrumentation
that control the pressure and liquid level and sometimes temp
within the equipment
Pressure Controllers

Pressure Control Valve with pnematic actuator

Pressure Controller

Level controller

On/Off switch
Ever increasing/decreasing signal
Capacitance and inductance probes
Pressure differential measuring devices

CONTROLLING THE PROCESS

Operation of a Control Valve

Control Valves are used throughout the process to control pressure, level, temperature and

Basic System Configuration

Wellhead and manifold
The production system begins at the wellhead, which should include at least one choke, un
Pressure drop between well flowing tubing pressure (FTP) and initial separator operating pr
On offshore facilities, an auto shutdown valve should be installed on the wellhead

Gas is separated from liquids and water is separated from oil

For gas compression

Removing watervapor from gas

Removing water from oil and emulsion being treated

For accurate measuring and sampling of crude oil

For treating water - to be free from oil so that they can
be reinjected into the reservoir

For treating water - to be free from solid particles so that they can
be reinjected into the reservoir

To perform well testing and measurement so that gas, oil and water
production can be properly allocated to each well which is helpful
for accounting and reservoir depletion purposes

To power pnematic instruments and control valves to operate

atic actuator

, level, temperature and flow

de at least one choke, unless the well is on artificial lift

al separator operating pressure occurs across this choke
on the wellhead

Basin sediment and water to be 0.5% to 3% of crude

Salt limits are 10 to 25 pounds per 1000 bbl crude