211.

1-16 ACI COMMITTEE REPORT

trialbatch
27(7.00+0.86
+2.09)=328
lb
0.8
19
Mixingwaterrequired
forslumpof3to4in.

Cement

Volumeof
coarse
aggregate

Coarse
aggregate

Totalvolumeexclusive
offineaggregate

Fine
aggregate

Volumeoffime
aggregate
required

Total

Sincetheyieldwas
0.819ft3,theair
328+ contentwas
15=

343
lb

7.2.10.3 Adjustedcement
contentforincreased
water
3431
0.62
=553
lb

0.819

0.817
=
0.2
percent
0.
8
1
9

Weightoffine
aggregate
(drybasis)

1896 =
2.68x62.4

11.34ft3

19.70ft3

=2719.70=

=7.30x2.64
x
62.4

7.30ft3

1203lb

The adjusted basic

batch weights per
yd3ofconcreteare
then:
Water,netmixing
Cement
Coarseaggregate,dry
Fineaggregate,dry

These differ only

slightly from those
given in Paragraph
7.2.9.4 for the
7.2.10.4 A
method of assumed

the
djust With
concrete weight.
ed proportions of all
Further trials or
coars components except
experience might
fine aggregate
e
indicate small
aggre established, the
additionalad
gate determination of
justmentsforeither
adjusted yd3 batch
requi
method.
quantities can be
reme
7.3 Example 2
completed as
nt follows:
Concrete is
required for a
x 27
58.65
heavy bridge pier
Volume
of
=
thatwillbeexposed
water
1934
to fresh water in a
lb wet
severe climate. An
Volume
of
0.819
average 28day
cement
compressive
strengthof3000psi
or
Volume
ofair will be required.
1934/1.0
Placement
2=1896
conditionspermita
lbdry
slumpof1to2in.
andtheuseoflarge
7.2.10.5 The
aggregate, but the
volumeofingredients
only economically
otherthan airinthe
available coarse
originaltrialbatchwas
aggregate

of
satisfactory quality
isgradedfromNo.
Water
9.95
4 to 1 in. and this
62.4
will be used. Its

343lb
553lb
1896 lb
1203 lb

dryrodded weight is tobe270/0.50

found to be 95 lb/ft3.
Other characteristics are
as indicated in Section
7.1.
The calculations will
be shown in skeleton
form only. Note that
confusionisavoidedifall
steps of Section 6 are
followedevenwhenthey
appear repetitive of
specifiedrequirements.
7.3.1 Step 1
The desired
slump is 1
to2in.
7.3.2 Step 2
Thelocally
available
aggregate,
gradedfromNo.4to1
in.,willbeused.
7.3.3 Step 3
Sincethestructurewillbe
exposed to
severe
weathering, airentrained
concretewillbeused.The
approximate amount of
mixingwatertoproducea
1 to 2in. slump in air
entrained concrete with l
in.aggregateisfoundfrom
Table 6.3.3 to be 270
lb&d3. The recommended
air
contentis6percent.
7.3.4 Step 4
From Table 6.3.4(a), the
watercement rationeeded
to produce a strength of
3000 psi in airentrained
concreteisestimatedtobe
about 0.59. However,
reference to
Table
6.3.4(b), reveals that, for
the severe weathering
exposure anticipated, the
watercementratioshould
not exceed 0.50. This
lowerfiguremustgovern
and will be used in the
calculations.
7.3.5 Step 5 -From the
information
derived in
Steps
3 and 4, the required
cement content is found

PROPORTIONS FOR NORMAL, HEAVYWEIGHT, AND MASS CONCRETE

211.1-17

ablished,thefine
Required
=540lb/yd3.
aggregatecontent
weight
7.3.6 Step 6 -- Thecanbecalculated
ofdryfine
quantityofcoarseaggregateisasfollows:
=8.02x
estimated from Table 6.3.6.
2.64
Withafineaggregatehavinga
Volume
of
aggregatex
finenessmodulusof2.8anda1
water
62.4=
in. nominal maximum size of
1321lb
coarse aggregate, the table
Solidvolume
indicatesthat0.67ft3ofcoarse
ofcement
aggregate, on a dryrodded
7.3.7.
basis,maybeusedineachEt3
Solidvolume
3
Batch

weights
ofconcrete.Foraft3,therefore,
ofcoarse
per yd3 of
thecoarseaggregatewillbe27
aggregate
concrete calculated
x 0.67 = 18.09 ft3. Since it
weighs 95 Ib/ft3, the dry
Volume
ofair on the two bases
are compared as
weight of coarse aggregate is
18.09x95=1719lb.
Totalvolumeof follows:
7.3.7 Step 7 -- Withthe
ingredientsexcept
Basedon
quantities of water, cement, and
fineaggregate
estimated
coarseaggregateestablished,the
concrete
remaining material comprising
weight.lb
theyd3ofconcretemustconsist
Solidvolume
of fine aggregate and air. The
offine
Water,netmixing
270
aggregate
required fine aggregate may be
Cement
540
required
determinedonthebasisofeither
Coarseaggregate,dry1719
weight or absolute volume as
1321
Fineaggregate,dry
shown

Basedon
absolute
volumeof
ingredients,lb
270
540
1719
1321

below.

7.3.7.1
Weight
basis - From Table6.3.7.1 the

weight of a yd3 of air

entrained concrete made with
aggregate of 1 in. maximum
sizeisestimatedtobe3850lb.
(For a first trial batch, exact
adjustments of this value for
differences in slump, cement
factor, and aggregate specific
gravity are not critical.)
Weightsalreadyknownare:

Water,netmixing
Cement
Coarseaggregate,dry
Total
Theweightoffiieaggregate,
therefore,isestimatedtobe
38502529=
1321lb(dry)
7.3.7.2

Absolute

With the
quantities of cement, water,
air,andcoarseaggregateest
volume

basis

--

7.3.8 Step
8 -- Tests indicate

totalmoistureof3
percent in the
coarse aggregate
and 5 percent in
thefineaggregate.
If the trial batch
proportions based
on
assumed
concrete weight
are used, the
adjusted aggregate
weightsbecome:

Coarseaggregate,wet
Fineaggregate,wet
Absorbed water
does not become
partofthemixing
waterandmustbe
excludedfromthe
adjustment in
added water.
Thus, surface
water contributed
by the coarse

1719(1.03) =1771lb
1321(1.05) =1387lb

aggregateamountsto30.5
= 2.5 percent; by the fine
aggregate 5 0.7 = 4.3
percent. The estimated
requirementforaddedwater,
therefore,becomes
2701719(0.025)
1321(0.043)=170
lb
Theestimatedbatchweights
forayd3ofconcreteare:
Water,tobeadded
Cement
Coarseaggregate,wet
Fineaggregate,wet
Total
7.3.9 Step 9 -- Forthe
laboratory trial batch, the
weights are scaled down to
produce0.03yd3or0.81ft3of
concrete. Although the
calculatedquantityofwaterto
be added was 5.10 lb, the
amount actually used in an
efforttoobtainthedesired1to
2in. slump is 4.60 lb. The
batch as mixed, therefore,
consistsof:

Water,added
Cement
Coarseaggregate,wet
Fineaggregate,wet
Total

4.60lb
16.20 lb
53.13 lb
41.61 lb
115.54lb

211.1-18 ACI COMMITTEE REPORT

5
The concrete has a
0
measured slump of 2 in.,
8
unitweightof141.8Ib/ft3

and air content of 6.5

l
percent.Itisjudgedtobe
b
slightlyoversandedforthe
easy placement condition
7.3.9.3
involved. To provide
Since the concrete
proper yield and other
characteristics for futurewas found to be
batches, the followingoversanded, the
quantity of coarse
adjustmentsaremade.
7.3.9.1 Since aggregate per unit
volume will be
theyieldofthe
increased

10
trialbatchwas percent to 0.74, in
an effort to correct
115.543/1 the condition. The
41.8= amount of coarse
0.815ft3 aggregate per yd3
becomes
and the mixing water
contentwas4.60(added)+
0.74
1.29oncoarseaggregate+
x27
1.77 on fine aggregate =
x95
7.59 lb, the mixing water
=
required for a yd3 of
1898
concrete with the same
lb
slump as the trial batch
dry
shouldbe

759x27 or
=251lb
0.815
Theslumpwassatisfactory,
butsincetheaircontentwas
too high by 0.5 percent,
more water will be needed
for proper slump when the
aircontentiscorrected.As
indicated in Paragraph
6.3.9.2, the mixing water
shouldbeincreasedroughly and
5 x 0.5 or about 3 lb,
bringingthenewestimateto
254lb/yd3.
7.3.9.2 With
the decreased mixing
water,less cementwillbe
required to provide the
desiredwatercementratio
of 0.5. The new cement
contentbecomes

18
98
x
1.0
3
=
19
55
we
t

1898
x
1.00
5=
1907
lb
SSD

7.3.9.4
Thenewestimate
254/0.
fortheweightof
5= the concretewith

0.5percentlessair
is141.8/0.995=
142.50lb/ft3or
142.50x27=3848
lb/yd3.Theweight
ofsand,therefore,
is
3848(254
+508+
1907)=
1179lbSSD
or
117
9/1
.00
7=
117
0
lb
dry
Theadjustedbasic
batchweightsper
yd3ofconcreteare:

Durable
Concret
e
(Reappr
oved
Admixturedosagemustbe 1982)
207.1R87
reducedtoprovidethe
Mass
desiredaircontent.
Concrete
7.3.10
Adjustments

of 207.2R90Effectof
R
proportionsdetermined on
e
an absolute volume basis
s
would follow the
t
procedure outlined in
r
Paragraph 7.2.10, which
a
will not be repeated for
i
thisexample.
n
t
,
CHAPTER 8

-V
REFERENC
o
ES
l
u
8.1 -- Recommended
m
references
e
The documents of the

variousstandardsproducing
C
organizationsreferredtoin
h
this document are listed
a
below with their serial
n
designation, including year
g
e
ofadoptionorrevision.The
,
documents listed were the

latesteffortatthetimethis
a
document was revised.
n
Since some of these docu
d
ments are revised

frequently, generally in
R
minor detail only, the user
e
of this document should
i
check directly with the
n
sponsoring group if it is
f
desiredtorefertothelatest
o
r
revision.
c
e
m
American Concrete Institute
e
116R90Cementand
n
Con
t
cret

e
o
Ter
n
min

olo
C
gy,
r
SP
a
19(
c
90)
k
201.2R77
i
Guideto
Water,netmixing
Cement
Coarseaggregate,dry
Fineaggregate,dry

207.4R80(86)

n
g

o
f

M
a
s
s

C
o
n
c
r
e
t
e
C
o
o
l
i
n
g

a
n
d

I
n
s
u
l
a
t
i
n
g

S
y
s
t
e
m
s

f
o
r

M
a
s
s

C
o
n
c

rete
Use
212.3R89
Chemical 226.3R87
ofFlyAshin
AdmixturesforConcrete
Concrete
21477Recommended
30189SpecificationsforStructural
PracticeforEvaluation
Concretefor
(Reapproved1989)of
StrengthTestResultsof Buildings
302.1R89GuideforConcreteFloor
Concrete224R90Control
andSlab
ofCrackinginConcrete
Structu Construction
304R89GuideforMeasuring,
res
Mixing,
225R85Guidetothe
Transporting,
Se
andPlacing
lec
Concrete
tio
304.3R89
n
H
an
e
d
a
Us
e
v
of
y
H
w
yd
e
ra
i
uli
g
c
h
Ce
t
m

en
C
ts
o
226.1R87Ground
n
Granul
c
ated
r
Blast
e
t
Furnac
e
eSlag
:
asa

Cemen
M
31883BuildingCode
titious
Requirements
e
Constit
for
a
uentin
Reinforced
s
Concre
Concrete
u
te
r

i
n
g
,

M
i
x
i
n
g
,

T
r
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
i
n
g
,

a
n
d

P
l
a
c
i
n
g

Thank you for evaluating

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