1 ... . '''':".

~''':'

"

GEORGE..C. :M.4RsHAlt
.\t..S,. RE~EA,RCH CENTER'.,. ..,

'; ~~ .'

....

',:

\:,- ;.".,

"

'LIBR1iR:CQF c'ONGRESS

. Legisiative":Rofe,t>enc8 Scr-rlce.

'"

,
'"..;.,'

.-,

~'

:, ,,;.

'.,-"

,
'.".. ,

'.'1.:'

:,-

":

, t',

'

,:

,~

..

.....
....

"

,,,.',

......

...

'

....

"

'':-~:

.:

..:"

\.

-;:

,
,

'

\.

.::.. . . . 1<:. .
:

"

-:

;',

:.1 .

,.

. HITRODUCTION lJJD 'CHRONOL~GY OF THE, MJ,;RSlli\LI:

FROM JONE :; 'TO NOVEHBER 'j;; 1947 .

"

"

PLAN.

/.

:"'.

.
. 1',.

, .'

..

.I
\"

. _Thorsten V. Kalijarvi"
""1
November' 6". .1947
-

~,

GEORGE C. MARSHALL
RESEARCH LlBRF\Rv .

...

\.

~.,

~~~pe .~;ioc~~.to) ti~:.se~9rid:W~~~dWa; .~?-s.ad~riselyp~~~a:G~d.

conti.:. :
.--.

_..

-.,"

,~,

,!

..

"

"

rients1.1pp()~ted 'bY~:~ 'Vle~J- deYel~p~d:"and' ihEegra.teQ: :'~conom;i' donsisting of.

.

..

' .

.'

.'

~"'"

t:--ad~;. :Tile '.;v.~;~

agricC;iit.U'.8; irldustr.w"and
,~ ,

.'

_.,

sha'ttered 'this economy and.

-

': :'.

-'

, - , ;

".'

~.:.

"

~rOl.lght .such unprecedented destruction tThRt tvli"o.Years -after the defeat'

6

' .

of Ger~~~y';'
,

the. whole.

'..

contfu~~t,
st~J,.l. flounder~d
in :an
..,.
. '.
" .

.!~.

economic'
morass
.

and it 1':as 'doUb~ul. that Eur0I:.e cO,uld ever recover C0).ll.pletelyw~tr:loutthe

.

assis'tauge of' the Un:Lted State$'~

UNRRA

..,:.

'.

Early ef.forts at ~eh~bilitation~ such as

h~ii. rtotb'een sJ.ng;;.i;a:f+jf:.ji~q(:;~~:$.trU~~~.: P'J;{'il;:~ politica,l~rid S96ial

.'...... . ... .:.: -' '~':~~' :: >" .-~' ;~~;.-" . ::r';". ':' '~";' ..._":'.'
.'
'.'

front the:tapitalistworld.......
was '9ha11enged
byi" .'~ trong
tiend to the left~
1-: : .'
..
.-:
~.

. .:

':';'"

.'. "

. <.'i

"

.(

" '-,,;"

. .

Hostil;Lty 'YiaS beiilg: engendere~

.against
tqe Un::ite.ct .8tates:. espe.cia,lly
j,.n the
..
....,...
.
~

East~rn Eu'r~pe;,!,

MOSCQ>:i..dominated
.f

.'

_.

"

'.

~.

'.'

.assumed
leade~ship.
.'
'..
.

_:,

CO~~Unist

.:

ill west~tnEu:rope
._.:

.'

'.

socialist .~r~ups

.._~.

. '.

'.

parties flourished~
. In an effort -. to
.
.

;of~~

'

~et:the

spread' of commUnist influence and hostility'President Truman

. ,:iirino.,mced his Truman 'program o:f"relief and aid for Greece 'and T~rkey on
."'i' : .. '
/ ~

.;.

Maroh '$h'
"

..

194i ~

..

"

- .

.)

However~ it was not until June 5~1947, that a~ extensive ovorall

progr.am (1) to assts't wes~ern. 'E1+rope and (2) to combat 'collJl~uni!3ril on "the
part of the Un{ted states'was given concrete for~~
.

Secretary of state

'.

George C" Marshali l speaking at the annual.f{arva,rd Commencement" .on that

'.

date stated,,
.':

;.
'It is logical that thc'UnitGd states shou~d.do
-v,hatever it ~ is able. 'to: q.o to' a.ssist .:in the return Of' norma'l .
econQmic health in the world'" wlthout Ylhich ,there can be no
political s-tability :arid rio assured peace.~" . ,
.
Ou,r poiicy is'''directed not agaim?t any CQUlitr'J 'or
doctrine. but against hung~r, povert;;;~~I:,q.esp~ration'andchaos.:
Its purpose' should be'the reviva). q a working, economy in the
.world. so as' to' permit
:political
apd $oc:1,a1'.
' . . the emergei1ce :0.-(.
.
~".

_.

'.:':}

._.

'

'. ':,

'-:~

,i.':.:

:.

~:. :.';. 7~

,:';": .::.

-!-'

.. conditions .:ill. 'which free institutions can 8XlS-c,. . Such .as.slB vance..lI
I am cOlw;i.nceci.. must not he on' a pi!Jcoinoal basis, as. var.ious. 'crises
,devoiop-. .Ani :'a~isistimce thar;':,this Goyerpnien'tmay r,ondgr 4-n .the
<t~t1.1re shoulcC p'roY:\-d~'c!',:..cux,.e '..ra.tj1er+tf1.an>a?1ore. ,'p'1?-l~t~,~iv.e:~...... "
_. ,.'
. '_~ny,;,goYer:imi?iJ"t' that: is Tl1,iJirlg:.to...ass:r~t ..in "''thO ::task. '.,;,
of recoverY: will find fullcoop~ra:t~,onii:Irali1:8'1'1'6, or.~ ~be ; )?r~ of
the uni tad. 'S;t:,;:t'tes".Govornmo.nt ;,' '.{'-Any '-g()v,crriffiGnt whiCh.,mcwe,u.:v:er s to ".
biQC k the'Fe'c~'veiy (of 0 th~ :r.:c O1,lb.'t:r.;icc~' 9.cl:nriP:t . e~~ o.~:t . he~p' .1;r'om :A1S'Q, "
Furthermorc, ':goYernm.ents, poltt'ical'.p.arties or .groups.which' seek'
to 'perpetu.atehulil~hmi.sepy: ill:prd\:3y::to.p'r~:qit,t1:to;c~:fro~. pol~ticaJ,ly:
or othervrise will encount!3r the" oppo'sition of the Unitod' States\> ..
"'" "<It;"iS "<;l,lr~aqy ev.~dc~?;: ~p~~.t:;:?~+Pte .:i1h: e . 1!n:i~.ed. p~~tGs ....
GbYGrDlllent :.pa:h':'proceed .much;furthor :!m'~:l:-'G?::c~;ffo~~~:..t?'.:~:llevl.a te
.th0c sit;iiation.and. 'help': stii:r:~ ,tJ:w':Eil1i6py.:an::~prJ.~ 'pt;l ',~t;3 }'JfW: ~o
rocove0)., there m1lst be someagree;1lf3iit ~ong the countries' of
Eu:r,bpG as
th.e.. r~qu~;remenbs.: ,of ;~t,~~>g~tUat,i~n,:?-!lr:l~hc :pa:st:: th0:'3~ ..
countries. thQffiselves wil,l 1;,al~e ;in:.~otd.~t"to..~:giv8
proper effect
to'
.:,~ t~ -.;.....: c, ' ,;'
.':".
".
~
.1'l;lllitever .actJ.ori .mJ..ght ~be. up.deJ;!'jjaI~\3n:;oy;' thHr'~Goy'8rnmen'G6:> .. ;;.:, : .';. .,
.:
. " 'It;'--v70uldbG:'~neither ~f,ittilig nor"efficac'lous ',for :this ' ,<'; !.:,'
._: Gover~ent :c'o Uhdertake: tQ"dra-vv ~U:p"'~ila td~ally'; p. p:togram'd~t,-:, .':
-si~9-E:d~ to" ~lace ,Euro)?El~n.:i~s-: ,f'~et.: ~p()D;omiqally~, This is. the ~. '.
bu:sin~ss 'or the ,EurQpean~"'.' The mi~:i,.atiV:e:;J::~hi:i1.k,.,:!ust:.com~,~ ,;;"",
frpm ,Elll'~pe 0 Th", ro10 of. tpis .eoun:try .should consist offr.ieridJ,y ...
aili inthe'cfrafting of' a 'Eurdp6a!1'prog~am: and 'of l?-tersupport ,of ..
such a'p+Qgr~,';so far,as '.it, may be_JiJ;'~6:t~~i, fo:t-.lli"to: .dQ fio Ill'
..
'.': The. progrciil:;shQi.J.ldb~' a.-joint 6n~" ag;reedYo by<a TIl?D.Qer>.. if 'not .
all European nations..
....

to,

' .. '

'..

",

<,

,.".....

'

..' ".

....

..:.

;, ...: . . . .

{t

j'.

"

InmlcdiatelyEUrope" led by Britain 'and France~ ,accep't6ct the invitation.. ,

Sixt~en . nRtions~ '. c-o~~'~st~g"o~"~us'~~ia,"Bolgium;'D'e~a;~;, F~anc~'lci;Qoce;'

.

':

\.,

Iceland, IrelaildJ.italy.. Lu.x6mbour~t th~' No:thori~;1.ds,. )J'orvlaJ~:' p~~'t~i.gal;J"

Suedo'n,
"'.I

~'{itzorxa:~d.. TlU'key~ '~/~ho t~~~Od Kingciom~ ~o'i; 'in"}a~is' .;~

.':....

.....

" ; ' . ; : ,: .. '

':"." .,. . . .~ :,.',

..

.;.: .:

~ ~

"

-".

.;

Jul;T

,I

12, and hon?oforth,wcre known as the' Committee at Europoan Economic Co

':

.'

-.

.1"

"

. oporatio,l1:l' . Russia, altho~~h il1Yitcd, rO~llsed topartic'ipa.to. and exerted ....:

her

iJ:'1~luon~~ o~~;",he~:'~atei~it~ statos, BUlg~tia~ C2iech~-si6~akiaJ Finland..

HUngfl:ry" Polan~~ . Rumania 1 and Yugoslavia to remain away ~

was

Thus Europo

de1ibGr~t~lY'd:tvid~,9:'i~t:;':;EA~tCrl;:'M,d :vve~tem'p~:rts~:o.ntho

.. /, '- '.: '":'

whether or not thoy 110uld cooperate.
. -~

-.

,.'

'

' ,,".

"

'.

;~: .~:.~ '.

'

.';:

.~~.'.' ..

issue of

.und:e:+~the:J.farshall.PlnnCi
'
& .

\>

on July '12 the Committe~of European,' E<;:G~>mi6' Co-oporation fore-:- '

, . . ' 'I" ,.
., !
, .' : ,
.'
"
.'...'
. ,
gathored :Ln P;;'TiE?~:qUbdivided: int6 ~!.n~ll~x::.bo~itt~e'B:~"a.nd embarked upon
the preparation of a repo.rt to be submitted in Septembor to the United sta~es~

'

':.:

.....

-"

. treanvvhilB'~ ;,the' unit;ea:5ta:t.e~>pi:6p~r.ed.,,to.~;C~1~~h;~e;,::r:opo;rt of' the'

::' ":- . .:. __ -;'~' .' ~ ,"~:'.'i::~~:;;< .~f:~~~ , ~{'.:.'.~>~~';~";"'~'.":.~ ~':'::~ -:. --t;y.,~~? ~

\: ':'.~ .~:.~:;<~~.;. ~~<:~ ~ .~'.~.~ ~ ~:.: 1 ..;= ~', .:" ~~ ~~:~.~ "~: ,<~.:);: ,..:
.. ,
Cormnittoe of Europeani.Ecqn6niip: Coop:el,a~io~;.:{ :'Orr' JUf'1e ,2.g~. '1941, PrGs~dent .
.:' . , ~ . ~ . ., .~.::~~:.~ '~-... ,:,~>:.;<:,~ .<:,/.,1 - '~::,<,_.,~..'~.:. . <I: ,.', ~-~~i::.' '.":"\ -~;::'~::':<.~' . ~.~~(~> "-.~( ~ ~i~::~i. ':'.:.' ,~'
.
Truman set uP' .three corinni.4teos~. iis. foJJ;oV'lS: : .;' ,.~
". "'" .:'. ::.

~~., ~~:Gii,~,;'/:E6Qna~6:~:~~dv.is;o~~'*)a~~:"~~Wlti;~as:',':~h~;'f~;ui~s~, .' ColU~ ,

"m.:Lttee)''l\to'stml~T.' the,dmpact'df"9-i..lr'~ecoi;lofuii-: .o:f :oi:1-g..to otho.r
''-'COuntrleS ~1t ,composed 'of"~'ch4irrnl:ih ~D:r.~~ Rdviin n~' N6ur$D,. Leon .
.. Koys erlUig~" and tr ohh"Do: ci~r~~~~. J .. : ,,: ,: , : : ,~. ':>':. '.. ' . ::~:~ :

.:. A.Oo~mittee:~i,-spo:iai~~: ~~;~i~..:t~~ . Gbv~rrml~~t;: ~1~O kn~v;n

. as :.theKru.g Committee,i' to .stuS!-y:. ,:th~,'.sta.t~7,qf~-the-n{l,tiDn IS, re-.

'sourc8s:with. .a'view to det~lmhing, the abilit;( oi',th,e 'Unitod
states' 'to:i'inimce then~rsha-111Jlan~.. , . ,"',:':':': '. ".:-', . . '.:.
.
.~: _'

." ~ '.

.' .~.

3.' A 19.;..memger~dvisory l?0[,lll1ittco ... als'o !:mown as theHo;rrimari

Cmm:i:tt 0'0; : Gorisis tipg' .~p!~~i'ipsJicira::ki;,~~,t~sB,,,;:;a~d:;f?1Tnl. loaders j

to. s~udy th~"b~oad a~PQctsqf:.tn~j:d:pf9grdi~':~)jdtoadvise tho

Presid:ent Hoh, the 1:tniits1dth:icn:,:Frh~ch tho.. Unitod stf);tos:may
sC\fely' and wise.iy .pThn,to'extphd s}.lch p.~sistance.l~ he~9,e~))y;, .
, --:'. ;, ,Seor, E3 tar-,f of .Comm.GrCQ.'W.~A;Y6reil'Har~jimai11: ,anc( fprisi~ting',:o(,>"
various subcommittees.:. . '

".

:,';

'.,

: '

.;

.:.

. .'

',:.

':.: '

.~

,. :

." ..

.~'i

'".:,'.;'._",

.' ~

,;',

--

':'

SubQomrnihoe "on. J~api:tai 'a+1.ddUrEJ,ble.... g~ods :.' Hiland ......

'. Batchc.ller .:(Pro's ';"1' Alleghony..,.LuQ.lttrll 'SteelC'orp~ ....
Pittsburgh" Pa-e), chairman; J~os Be> :,Carey (S.e.6 I Y_o
Treas~of GIO);Paul ;Go. 'Hoffman (PrDs u S'tuaebakeJ:: r...
. Gorp." SOtlth Bend" Ind
HarolcJ.'G.. Moul:to:q' (Pr.Gs ~'"
. The Br.?okings lristitutioD,,' Washington,? D.. G~) 'II' .

-.,;

Q );

:-r '.,

..'

... ,.

. S~bc~mmit'iee . btl cemS11.'1ler gbods:. ", 'J olJ.ti:, t.': coi'iy~'r'

; (Pres .', B o . F.. Goodri~h CQ. i. AhTOnt' o~) ~c?a~l''lTIc,ln;
R. R.. Dev.px:~e (:E:res .. " ~roc,tqr and Gail1ble -co~;,' ..;
Cllicinnciti~ 0.); Galtin B.. Hoover :,(pefln, Gr.a:d... ": .
School, puke Unj..v.);Robert .R.: ;&!.chanan (Deap; Grad, .
CoIL... 'IOl'la state Co;L1.).
",' . . "':
~.
J ."

..

1.

\.

, . . . .

':,

, '1 -

"

11 '

SUbC8Il1l11i.ttce .'on f'o6d' res~Ul~~e8:' Chosto~ G'~" naVlS .: ," ," .

. (PreSe:~ Fcderij1,l ResG~:.ve BaUk,,.St .. Lou~s, 1io~o),' ... ":. ,',"
c4airrnan; Robert E. Buchanan; William, T p 'Myers (Dean,.
Call. of AgriCl.uturo, Cornell Univ..)" '~obert G. Sproul
(Pres ., Univ",.of Calif.,). '.
, . " "".' '," ", . ' , ' r
"

'

'

y...

I,

--,", "

on

._'

.:. .' Silbeommi ttee

mahpoy{er'~ ,pau'i, G~. Hoi'fiil~1 ',oi1a:ii'mo.~i .." .
. : James 'B. "Caroy~ :Gco.rgeMGan~-{SecrY'::'i'roas .. , k; :F:.' of
Lo); Rober.t }~"': I.il Folle~te-" , .
". .'

Subcorrrrnitteo on miiloral' resources':-, Robert koenig'"

tPres~ .. Aj-;shire Collieries CO '!ridianapoil..&;' Irid~).$
chairman; 11clvillo F. Coolba1J,gh (Golde.n.,. Colo.. }; 'It.R~.
Deupree; George Hean;y~.
'
..,
.
Q ;

" :;<t

. '. ';'

\.'

.,

'.~

...

SUb~ornmi:ttee ... bntriinsp6:t~~ti:bn::G:ranvilie ,'Gon:vtay;;' "

:L:,rhf;j:.~~OSinciPO;t::Lt~h: Ship.pi.pgi.:o.';;(N8~V' :(9r~~'" N~,:'y~); ' ..

, 'chairman ;:j<j66:s:':B",':;:Car,:ey; ":Ro hert Kqemg;.' ,Edl1ard ".

"

s.;~'j~ason (p'~'anfS'cho'oi:' Ci;(;:P1tblid.Aam-1nlstratio'nj .... "

~,

.,~:

'.'.

: ':, .,'>')~':~'~~:",~:.\ \::.:,~.L ",;~.-: ~; . .,", :';.<"'" ~"':": '.: ".".:; .;l,>~~'i" .

. :',' .. ::.~,~;t~~~.~ u~~.~:):

.- ";Suhco:prmittee:'.:;ou,o'cDnOmlC"pnq;:f.irif}ncia).... .;1l::J.alyses; '.: . t

" f;':', ::.avw1.i. ~D.~. Y?ung~.:(G~p.OrEJ,:); ..~le'qt:ri9d()'''):::1chairmari:;;;":~i~.;::';

"~

,:Harold Gq M~u1tQh~;,.v{o)&1.nq~lph:.HU:rgo~s. (Nationa;L ';.

'Clt;y Bank';' Ne17.'Y6rk~:N~'<Y~)r P:aul'Q; . Hoffman; "
Ccilvin B~ 'Hoo:ver'~': Ed1vard: S,. jillason~ . '. ,'.,
"
... ":
. ..",' ~ :::-,!,~ :' '. '. ';.: ;:' :~.:'; :~-:'>,~,r;j'(.::.~ ::~:':'{ .... /~::, ,.:~....:,\:.' . ,,~. -- ,,'
,Su.Dc6:qunit;tee. :bh'or.gan~:zatJ-ori: ..:." Qi!8r.D"q YSJung;'
')

'. .cbairman;. ChestQ:r.G~.!DaYJ;~;

-"

H6ffmb.n; ~.'

np4ui;l}'~'

. Rphei,t M~ 'La 'o11~tte:;~.:~dYrdr(S~ 'Maso'n; George'

, Meany,; 'Harold G4 MQ~lt:Qn~ .. ',,. '. ".
.'
~:::':< <:::.',:;;~'~{f:\:!;(; . e};..
. Fina:~' :Crafting '89jmnitt'Gi'J::;';: ':R:9l;Jej:it'::M~' Ia FO.J.;lf)t-ef"
ch~i:rJ:'!lar:t.l> ... '>:. ''', . '::,,::,.;~~'~,~:~>h::'(/. .
'., '.' :.1

.",', '... '

>.;;>. ... . '

..

:.,. ...~':.

.Dri
~.

"

.J~iy29 ~
.. " ...

"

"

,~

I,.

'the' House' of:

.

."

;; : ......~

. .... :' -.-', -<. : :..

":,~-:.< ...

-:." ",'..-

.' ;"

-.

.. '

.!.~:

:.;.-!,-

R~;~6~~n1tiitives'~stahlish~d<thG.'Horto;t'.
Com:.:.'
'.
.

' . '.'

mittee a:rid .charged it'with,the :roEip6n~:i.1:>il;i.ty. of s1.1ry~y:~ng the economic

.
..
'...".
.
.
.
,.'
'
.
- ..., .
.
.~

~'.'-

"

~':

".

:".

'.

.'

cond:it~~~:s .,~1'. 'bp'~ '. Eutqpea'n: 'nail9ri~'. ~,h~~h' V'7d;'~~: ~oc~opera:t8.1hthe

Plan:;

Marshall;

The~(xnmittGe:chairiIia~
wa:s
Charl:e~:A ..' Ea-t'oiJfwho:-als'~"
headed'
.
..
.. . . .
.' 'Rop~
:
.
~

-,

'\

the
Chri~-tiari
A..
-. House. ;;~reig~:A.ffahs.~orrmliti:~e\"HBw.a~:4SS'isted.~
- . '.
. .,' .
..
.'
..'
.
Herter ('Mass~)">Vice .Ch~:irinan,:and.,~::thG i'ollowip.g.;.. ';' .'::',,::.;.: :"
"

'

J~hn c.'i~~k~~;,'(~:~;<': '). :~?~~'o~it~oe'A':: F~an;~:~'.: :,~.

.E~. walter' \:t;>a.) r
.

Francis
.~

~.:.

~;"': '

~.

'.

,.

,"

-"{

Francis 3 .. Case' (3 . Dak.) . ) . : :':

..
JohnU It Vorys '.(0.);-' . ) :."
,
"
Charlqs W.; Vm>;sE:i';ll' '(111'.)<') ",sUbG omn.ut te !3. :8, :7. Aij.~ttia" Germany
E. E. Cox"'{Ga~.) ~;' " (~ .... ,} ..... '. ' ..', ..:,,:' ".
"; ,....::. '.:.'
overt.on'Brooks(J;,a.)'
.>;:,"
,'.

""

-\".

. ~.t

.;_ .\.,

.~

I';

.'.

'.,f

Charles Ao liYolvert;onCN.J.} )
W~ K. Mcicy (NoY .. )'.:.
'f.).
.
Eugene J~~. Keogh~.eNoX 6'). '....:".. )SV-bq9~i tt\;l8 .Q..: - :Jlraf:l~or)3elgium.,
A.. S. ]fake' MdnronGy. (Ok~a'~)-. ')'.... Lpxeobourg',' the '~Jb-Gherlands
'
;=. '.

-" . .

",..~, :',"" ,

Thoma~

A.Je.nkins, '(Oe} .' .,)

RichardM;" Nixbn. ~Calif,. ).'.... )::. ;, ~: . '_,,' ,:'; . ..,:.: .:_'.,: .>. ;.. . c,
JameS' Pi. JUcha:rds. (3" . c'..1":'): <Su'bcoJrrnitte8':::D .~:;",.., ItEd,y.;

Gdorge-.it. 'Thlahon'''(Tex,. ):.: "',::) ,.;':. ','"

.'

:....

aI/eeee,, Trieste

August H.. Andre$en (M;i;rl.nit) ) S1.'j.0p0ll1P.iittee E - Agricul tL1r~

Harold D~CoQley

(N.C.. )

.)

',;,

'.

','

On

'.'

sePte:b(2~;,~'tj~?,i~t;~'~7ttry'~~~~~!!f~i,~iicCo~opera-"

'.' ti6n~.h.4. ving;.. ?~~p ~et~d:::i: tScl;~.1i~~era ~i.SnE;;.,:.~~:ep?:r:,t'?,dt'~ ,~?e~}'dGnt Trum9-rl al?-d,
- ..

....

the.' D~p~r.tJJ;lGnf::;f.,state

~Vol,!:<i.of .,(}enera.i;,R.-~pO:ft""Pf~,~OIT1~,~t.e,e~

:signed, , " .'.

,::o:;;:~:t~~;~~crt~:i:~:!:~~;~:~~;;:~n;;l'::::~:e0:Ot::

e
"

S:i,tuation,l The ...Qcond vo.!1;Un:;;of tylG"rGp'or.t'-~1as to be rel,easQd at a later

,
. t.;<:t':I.:::
,: . .:,,_~:
}-.~.,:~,.~:_ ~::~.l _ \'~.; .. ' :'::.' : ;:~
:~:;.! ' . _. :: ',
date and was to' be.. devoted 'to -&he"r~pb't't':'..Q:e:jjp-G; ;:G,ocl)htcaJ,.'. .sl1bcOIJIilitteos ' bf .

J ..

1 {.r, ::::;.-:

th~ COnfore~ce'~',' c;cf~e-'~in~'~. :;J,~~~ii::~j;a~, . :~{fft.Ji~~;:. ~;''pr~f~~ ~o~:pbnniS

Harris

.'_,

'-------....----'~.

;_ :M9anwhilo , ,' ~~t~ning".CQrigr.~.fisBl~n

(.

.',

..

(ar1~ot1::tPr.i.1s a<;lE?!9. 'b.9~~mQ .c(m-yiri'~,ea.

~;;'~"'"i'''

. ... '

"'-~.,,,<;o

.:

~."

.' .::

,~.;

-..

t.:.. ~_;'

":"

'r'

<~: .." :::'f

',':

.-

....

that ,i{ho :l;.opg-raJigeMarsh.all r1a;n<;:ov,1,q.,.J;y:rlipe .qovelop E3 d:and s'Gt; into.'. "

opcr~~i'on' 'in ,~~e tomeet.:"mpend~~~'st~;';'~~i~n'"an~:~~~J~~uiti~'S'. in '-~v{~s:tern

". ;

Europq .,:.: :'Thcy

.

':".

....

".

'.

, '

.'.

yT E?r 0 :,pa,r.ticularly
'

'.

:.: ".

-'.

...

'.

....

. ' . --

.'

10

.:

;',

, :

~':'.

'.

conpopl}?,q- }V~'tp ,intcJ;ini. aid. fo~ Frall ce' 2,no. .

..

'

"

'

. . '

Therefore': President .Tn-Man, ,r;m Octobor:23;: s1J.lliqlQn~dcpngi'os~to

Italy.

.J

.'.

' .

I... .

l{

..

i,

'~....

.. -

.'.

.'

.'_

~.'

','

. ' ',' ...'

.'

meet on November. 171. 1947,

fOr
tho putpo.,se
,'of. ertact.in:g.~.lbgisla..tion:. to
.
..,
..
."
,

"

..

','

provio.e_ interim assistance for Franc' a~~, :ltalY:1t

_ .'

.....

. .:-

:;:'r~~.'

"

.. ';.,

.;; ...-

On, October '19;.1947, theso-calJ_ed .Krug Gbmitteeraade .its repQr:t.

.

'.

. '

' - - - - - . ",

~,:

"

,::

.'" r";.

.I.

The Har.r:iman, Cormuittee was supposed, to roport on' Septe~be,r15' but:"i-ias.:,

.:~'.,,,
.".~
,<':"., ..... "-- ,:,,',,'.,'::<;;.,.,"
unable to do-so on time-9 :The Nourse C0m,mitteeTs delibGl'a:tiQ~s,,:'l1hich .'

'. : . ',' :" ,'.' . :> ",

.'.;-

'woro overall;

we.J;'8

'r,

~:

"

not schedulcdfor'l'eport; the-Herte;' Corillni~too:ril.oi'on

Fore~gn i-Sfairs.

October 29; the' House

..:'

ColTIJJ;littccfand
..~..

.'.

'.

'

thGSonatb~'r~'i~n.,:,,"
.
:'

..

.,.'

......:

..

Relations Cornr(D:htco y,eresc):loduled tomeet j.ointl;y'-'on NOVOJilbcr. lO;'.o.nd

.,

,"

.... '...

. mGeting of the Senate 4Pproprhtions bOD:l1ittoo was slatod

... ,

'.

.'.

- ' . :

'.<:;

':".:;~:.::.

_'r

~.'

'l'vTo 'questions -?f . ass~stanco' for, YJestQrn:~u.r'o:pe 'fere

Cj.

i~r Nova~bor::18
..

'

.::~.

"

t ... '.:.

under' :ponsider~-

tion ilt the, time Congress was prorogued; one was _tho long,-range :Uarshali

.'

"

I'~.

Plan; .th~ other

:.'l._' ,

. . . ',\:

w~s' th~: :Ln';erj.~ '~id> pro~~qiil i~rFfah~B~.an~ Italy,,'

.:

: : ' .

"

'.1'

Co

.!; .~ . ',.',; :~. .:. ." '.'

~. .

.'

Os tens i-" :
.

....

bly Congress was calledto den). rlith the 'J;a.tter.:;.'in spo'cial' sDssion .and'cop].d';/
.

' . ..' ", '.

' ';'.'

,...",.. .

., "

:';" , " .

..

'"

postpone the long:ran.ge program 1],ntj,l :the-b~g~nrri:'rig .of thc)" reguJai',,}lCS sionL. '

actu.611~ the tx{~~~s"ubje~ts"~e~B~d :to:c< clo~e.iY'';i~td~r~lat~dt'O'

,

.. ....

",

cut distinction possible o

r"

make.a

,~lea'r-,

'.

\:~ "

" ",=

'.

~ .J'

state. Se~retary ~org$"G~~l~rsha~~

~l
Harvard,Uniyersity
COITmencG.
. '
-'
.,
.'
'.
.. .
-'
~.

'

.. , ..

... '

.'."

mont spoochoutliheS .basip,for :the.' ,~90n'7mic r.oc~~erJT- of E'lFOpoJ sinco

. . '

...

.'

....

t.

,'-

.'.,

.'

:.

. . . . '.

.. "

,. _ "

called the IIMarshall Plano ll

";

"

. ',' ,.HBefcire the' UnitGd:.S'tatesGoyerrnnent: Gan proceed much

further in' its efforts' to' :~.~ ~, st,artthe,~EUi~6'Pennv{orld':olJ.>. its
way. to recovery. there must bo ~qme,: p,grcorient; aniong ,the " ".
couni;;ries. d' Eur?pe 'as to the r.oqu:Lrol;18iits, of th'o', situation ....
", , and :tho':ppr.-t ,.thosecountries .thomp.elves will take in order to
givG'. proper offoct to vihatevr aetionr;:d.ght bO' un~Grtakonby'
'.. this . GoverD-rnent., 1I .'
,
,

. f",'."."

'June

,.

.n" 1947
.

'

, : ; 1 : . :

..
-,,'

~:.

.:"

4"

. ,.r . . .
.;

,"

PresidontTruman ,iri"-ott~vi'a ad~ress".restatBs~Mafsha,l=l.',Do~trinQ,~n.~;"

'
. '.:

..... '

.'

"'-:- .

..

June,12 1 ],.947

sec.~.,qt~ry;:)iarshall, .aqno.u.ncGs.. i~1 p;res.s, comerehCo thn t ]5arshall Plan

,

Ju..ne 1'.3~

.'

'.

.'

':'"

. '

,1947 "

,-

; "1

'.1.

'.

::",

Foroign Minister E~nest:~ovin, ot,Britain.hails Marshall Plan as

1I000i:i:'eal attempt ~.~. to, (create).. a',l~.e!3-1thy w~rl~ t.~ (and pr?duce)
,.0. 'It

",

" .

. :}.'"
.

.
.;.;t:L.~.

June

14,;,
1947
,

,'~ '\-,

-.

~, ...--".... ~,

. - .;.

.,....... ,,;. ...=.; ...... ~ '.;.-,

(French govcrmiGht -reportGd' to havo. soundlBdout :So"v:i~t.::.

discuss' proposalQ

Union about participation in discu8sion~)'

\':~

'. ., J : . "'~J '!,}._

-.

"--,

_~.

June ,1.'5), 1947,

.~

Pravda, official Soviet Communist

mouthviece~

.'

'

"

"

in editorial assails

~I'"
lVlars_h a.11

Plan as I\Pres.idont Trl.llnari' s plan for political pressure"'17'ie- in;.':....:.......

doJ.larsl~

and as a program .of interference in the interne""l affairs 0' other

,.

'

~ ~.,'

states .. 11
Juno IS" 1947
Ex-President Herbert

Hoover~

in latter to Senator Styles

Bri~g~si

........ .,.'..

OhaLrrl~2.n of Senat~ Appropriationsebrnmittee} without IDentibning Mars.hall

Plan, rais'es questions a bOlit a' need for 'liraHati'dh"of a'id to. foreign:
count-riGs,;
.,

- . -. ,.

~"

'.

:',.\..
, '.:
~,

Poiiits out: (i) United Statos 'c;'annotro'construet 'w0rld alono,;. .'

, .. (2) in two years we have .oxpandod 29 billion dollars; ,provided
13 billions in ro1ief., 'and D:recoTImiittod t6- 6 .. billionc;xpondi-
turo in cODing year. Russian obstruction has cost tho United
states billions; noed to coC'rdino.te all rolief, credit" &l.nd. ., .'.
oXport activities, prevent excessive prices and oxport~ modify
consumption at homG, and in rGturn for our sacrifioos reqll:Lre . . : ':
as'sistancG to tho UnitQd states with s.tcckpilinE stratog:Lci:i.YBa..:-.. -.'
tcrials obtainable abroad for 'national'QafonsE}1l ....
;':/..
:

..

~,

Juno 16, 1947

I,

. : L.

".

Tho British'Ampas~~d?~.in Mo~:m, is instructed to seo Forolgn'Minis~er

::.:r

','.'

r'"

Harbert Hoover;; Allon Yf ... Dullos, James V. Forrostal, HaroldE.

Stassen, at

commence~ents ~rge

support of Marshall

~lano

16 1947

JUXle

. Undorse.crotary of" -State.-Db~n Acheson- announces at Wesleyan'. the need

for:: ti3.Jd;rig'
JUl:lO

an

inventory, of oD.r. rOS'QuTci3s,.~

'"

17, 1947

.;

British ADbassador to lioscavr discusses IJarsha1:l-. Plan with Foroign

.

lUnister Ho1otov 1'lho askflfor further information.

JUl:lO

~'."

17" 1947
',- ~ . ' .

:f

-"

. ";

!.: " .:'.

.- .

Talks open in Paris be.ureen Foreign Ministors Bovin and Bidault,.:

accompanied by expertsg

SDbject;

(1) making raw materials accessible on

..

equitabie basis; (2) el~~nation'of tariff and trade barriers; (3) fiscal
and currenc;yr reforms; (4) priority of aid for bilsic aroaso

Juno 19,

1947-

'.' ..

Tass .attacks the Bevin....Bidaulttalks cas

attempt to make:; a deal

il an

behind :the 'back 6f the .;3oviet Union and 'o;the;r European countrlqs.U .

June 19, 1947

III speech in n:oul;le of COrnr;lons, Foreign: ]nnister:.Bevinwarns that
. ~: '.

Britain is' prepared to' go ahead with Uarshal1" f-la);).$ with or v-rithout the
Soviet Union'. .:' .
.,-

,
1'.

JUl:lC

i;.

" ....

19" 1947- ... ", ' .. '

.

..~

-:

.~: ~ . ~i

-.

Paris talks broken

-;

'!'.

! .

'.

~ff

'~.

... . .

. .'
~

'i,

.....

and invitation .sent to' Foreign. Secretary

Hol,otov to join -Bevin and Biclaultit

. :.

Tlw Soviet pross reports that the USSR ylishos further information on
:'"
"

,'.

,.<

"

..

the conditions of the credits to be granted by the Unitod states and the
relation of ,the plan to the United Nations Organization.
"

".

.: "

.': :

...

r t

'/

-9,~'
'I

04-

: presido;'t.

Oommitt'ce

l~

.J,:.

-"

TrUlnan~ appoints:' 19":D.8l1lbe~:. e.d;visQ.ry. '.com..rnittoe

(FIq.ft'1'.;man .

),~, ,~onsi~ting.iof .f:L~~~~~~l-$:~:s~~e~~;:::'and:'f9.r,m 'l~ade,r.s" tD~ I~t:udy"'"

~

'.

:.

r'

:~

,".

.:.

....:

.L\,

'~.' i:.:; ~;

~"

the broad a:apGcts of the aid program and to'-. advise the

. :.

I'r~sid0nt Cllonl\t~o"

limits within which the 'trnited states may.' s?-fely and. wisely plair t~
ax"';.
....

.~

tend -such assistance .,.It',

22,,1947
.JfulG,
...,.'

....

1 ~io

'

'. . "

:.W.lI~P

~,I:

I'

,'",.

'::ol',.

Jll-

,.

,',

ro

,1

,Prqsident Trumai:l~ appoints, a'cormnitteeofsP!3cialists

,within
. -.j:..
. tMA. : ,>L;, ':c;'
,govermnE;ll!-t J (Krug' CQmmitt\ie);.to 'siudythe state of the ::tl?-tiQrils, ro~cmrce~,
vrith

a viow

to determin.ing the

Marshall

Pla11~,

June 22,

1947 '

abili~y

of

the Unitod states to

.f~p;ah~.~>~i..e :,> :"

President Tru..rn.a!l appoints ,.Council of: ,Economic Advisers (Nours,f!.' .Com-.

raittoe) to. ~tudy .n~heimpact on our economy of aid tQ ,o~her- couritrias. ll
June 23,."

1947.

Foreign. Uinister Ho16tov. a~Gepts invitation to B.ig Thrpe conferonce

'.'. ..

scheduled for Par~s ~unc

Junc'

,24"

1947

27.

[Britain 1 Franc~~ Ru~siaJ

i,r
..,.

Undersecretary of state Clayton discusses plan with. P:rimo lIiniste,:C.";'

t..

. '.

~ "

.,'.

'::

":

:;

:~.,"

r:'

.;. \:

.. '. -, ~

....

p ..... ,

'.

Attlee, and Foreign Hinister Bovill"

June 25,

1947.,

. .'; ,.'.

i',',:

..

~ 5',". \','

A Pravda od:itorial exprcss.os concern o:"or. possibJp cc\nditions to

~" .1.. ~:. 1;:~.

. ' ..

bo imposed by the Unitod 'states -in rendering c;conC'lni~ assis~f:nce undor the
Marshall P:].an o

'.

......

," .,~t

' II

..t r....

(",-

\.

).'

-.20.,-....;;..
" i ~.

',

..

'

....

'-'-. _-t ~-."""" . _

:- .

"

"

,.-

'J.,.;

.. postvra:bllboot1.;i:n, thQ;,Unj,.ted st~t~SI.1 ;'tiYiq:,tb,:; filcsg.oi1:the: :t:ij;xGning'eco+'a(,mic<

crisiB,~n

. , .. " ,

'.:.

J-un8.25,<1947 ,'"

; .~. t;' ':,:_". :~.

.. .

.',

.,;

Secrotary of the' Treasury Snydor -rer,la:rksj ltall tha:t'.Secrotar;yr"trarshcill .

has done was to invite European countries Ito sit doym. and 'soe what their '., ,,'

problem. ;is.: ,He:dictntt say 'anything,about'letting,the Uo>'S .. knovr.

is wanted.J,"t.,

"

... ':''''

!~ ' - ' " ~ ~.

,,'

hOW.ltJUGh
.;

RussiC'''',." 'French, ap.d Italiancommunis-~s assai1~.1arshall. Pl~n. ds

'llIV-ostern snare
June, 26$

.. "
..............

II

1941. ' ',.'

P:t~sident'

-'t'

~.

':"

:,'

.~

,~".

Truman' gives. i:Iarshall ,Plan unqualified endorsement and'

through his National Advisory Council on Foreign Financing sends:~~eJ2P~-t'

-,

:-

to,that effect to Cc,hgresso ..

June

27, 1947
Paris conference opens with Foreign Ministers Bevin and

Foreign Ji.linister Holotov in. several'ina'j or i'ssues~ ,

June

BidauYGopr.?S~~g

...

,,'

273 1947

............ ,......

Anglo-French plan calls foriIDTI~diat8 creation of a steering com~

mittee c0nsisting of Big Three and other states.

Function:

tO,coordinate

subcommittees charged with surveying resources and prograilning tq: me.l?t '
the :Marsha'll Plan.

Russ'ia proposes that'the United 'Stat:e$ be 'nsked .tho

exact nmoUrlt -Of help-'shewouldbe wsilling to 'grant,' and thert each nation
should make ::\-ts own survoy and estimntes.
meddler in domestic affairs of nations.

Regards steering cC:r;u;).ittoe as':

'.
.'

" June 28, 1947

:,~

,"~

"

. '.~

: ; ..,

,.Junei8;. 19:47'
"

--:

.
......

At Par~.s hc~ting of Foreign ;Ministers ofFrance~ Great Brit'ain, and"

'the' USSR~ FQreign I,Iihist'or Udatov demands that WashingtonspGc~fY,(3xt~r1t',

and, torss 'of aid to be granted under'1\:rc'irshall:Plai'l,.:
.

.'

June 29~ '1947 .

.'TnEfs, c('rmnenting on tho Marshall piar;conf8r8nf,.0~ yjaTl1sthat: the
conference should limit itsqlf

t()

c:1.c:0:,;\n1Uning.nai;.ionalnoods t'o BcrveM

.,'

i'.; ,

,.:

~;

'.

't'
il..n;y-.. at.L..
. lJo:mp1{s .:110, .:'

co:apel the';' 'ccnforonco to clr awup. an a;tI'7"ombrapihg :ecfJllomicprogram...fo:i:"';

thC'Eurppoancountrics .. .:"cal1noi;; boo apccpted CJ.i3:a basis for croparation

among

the ~urop8E;m countries ~ It

It $tatos that vf[),r~d;"maged natioi}s .should

receiYo: priority in obta"lning' aid and that all ailied 'counti'ies s~louJd
participate iri .formulating the' program.
June 29:, 1947
Tass attacks Europe aid. progr2lll as ;,JIloric2,n interforonce in, EUTQP0'; ..:,
then calls for bro~dor aid pTogram~
Juno 30,' 1947-'
-_.----.Pope Piu.s endorses l",rC!.rshall Plan for European rocovory.
\

Juno 30, 1947

Po:risc0nforc'nca deadlocks' ovor Foroign Minister Holo-tc'V'r s rofusal

to accopt bisto' principle .of l1arshdl Pl2.n - that Eurc,poan natio'ns: Sh:2Uld
, ..
first r:w.ke D. cor,1J;lcn offort to aid thonsolves.,
'\'I

"

:':" ..

t .

July 1.. '1947

,"'"
.
..
,"

:" Secretary Harshall states to tho Wome.i:l's,National ,Pross Club'~in"'",,,,-"',, ," ..

~,:'.

...

'.

. ",'"

..

'.~

....~:_:~._..

', .

'.'

.'

.~,

. '

"

, 'tho pUfPos'e'?-t l~ ;i~t~ridDd; tpai;"it- "shou)..dnot bo 'oxpono.ecl to sOl::V'e"'sci:rl"sh'-'

.

~.

-1,

:~

....

~.'

. '

.,::' , .- .. ~~ ....

','"".

"~'

',.

-:t.

":.

'.

~.'

""

,.,'

o~oncEliq or pclitic~i' interests;,' thnt- it s~c>uld help to ,r9storo 'hope o.nd

.
'....
"
".'
.'
tt "
,'.

.,'

confidenc~'anlong the peopl~ concqrned~,~hat tho' world ~ill know penco 2.nd'
"'

;11...

: . ' 'I.

,-

.. -

"

':.'

l:r,:

s ccurity in' the future .. 1t

.: .... :. ....

.#.-'

:foreign Minister' Bidault ;uggc~sts';~cmpromiso wheroby ,steering cc.'nlJ'littoo

.' ,
~
. :'; : ~', ~ . ,;:.
'. ~ . ~ .
- ...
w'ould bcic~')'p.e' cOX!L1I1it~.Ge of c09pe:r<;1.ti?n..
\ " :

"

t'

~.i.J

"

..

"

,1

:.'

>

..... 'I;

"

.\.:'

-',1."

The"
Th;:"oe
dovm in,
,
. . Pd~-;8r .conference.breakEl.
'
.. '.'
. s~rious disagreemon~ ovor
~
~ ~
-

",

'.

, .

'

' . \'.;.' _

.' ."7. '

the fo,rm of cooperation that might be dovolopod~ For-eign lIinistor Uolot0v

'. .

. ' : : :: .

.:

"

-. -.

~'.

: :' -

:.:.'

'

" . ..

. '.

'.

: .

"

July 2, 19,47'

The conference of Foroign Ministers of Franoo. Gront'Britain, and'USSR.

,ends., Fr2nCG and Groat Britain revoal intentiqn to push Marshall Plan
... -

'.

without Russia.

i~tor fi~q,sBs.sio1W of ' conferencd Foreign

Ministor Molotov';oj~cts
.
,

<;.

pla~ 'V!hich:\lo says IIwouid load to intorferonco in tho internal affajJ:'s of

.~

European

.'

countri~s.!I

July ,2, '1947

JamGS P. ,'V{arburg says M2.rshall program marks the death of' Tru."11an

doctiine~,

,,'
;.

13 ..."
July 3,,: 1947
..

'

Foreign Ministers Bevin and Bidault issue j0int cOIi1TIuniqu6 inadditional'European nationst(': poet"in Paris for ft~ther dis- .'
:.: .:::':.~:.~ .. ... :_::~.....
cUSSiClrl of Harshall Plan.
Prograo. calls fer cODn~tt8G of. co~per,~t~oJ}.

viting

22

'

topropa~o 'repo~t

by

S~ptenb,?:r'1947. 0n available raoans nnd noods of

.\

:' ~

','

Europe for the next fow :rears Q'

July

..

4,' 1947:

President Trllijan at Monticello calls rejection of Marshall Plan'

,

"

.~

". . ,

-v "

for Europeal"i, reconstruction lIfallacious ~ q:

-

j""

July 4~1947

i ,.'

".:.

',;',

, Foreign Socretary Bevin warns Russia~. Hthere comes a moment whon

.- .....-.-:..

~:. ..:~'.

. , ..

. ',.

,.

_-~

PrGsidoutTrDLlan states. :Vnited stat,~s. shippod record total of

l8~433,OOO tons of food to noody, ~ations during~12,months onded'Juno'jo,,"~

July S~1947
-,), ..

.~. '..:

.'

Invitation of Foreign Ministers

! ' . : ... ,

Bo~n~aD.d.BidaultaCGopt~d'by

ten

nations forconference to moot July 12~

(Ital;r J.; PQr~ugal,;' t08 !~ei~erla.ndEb 'Svw,den, Den,ma:rk, IrelandJ
Greoce,"Poland, Austria,. Czechoslovakia~)
Deadline ,for acceptance of invitatio.l1' . s,e,t. ;as "of July 10 .I:'
:

July

6,.1947"
CZGchoslovakia

.;

t.

b"rinouncos she

:t

will scmd an observer to Pnris.,

."

July 7"

1947
.'.'.-0'

Tass,... offi6iai Russian news agency".. reports F0land, Yugoslavia,

and Rumania cannot attond.,
.... :.

,....

..
'

.... ~

.. ; ~

. .:,.-

July

8, 1947
~ '.'

.,

I,.

,:,

by Rous eo L Cnnmr'ns "

'July

8,:J 1947
-

Foroign Minister lmsaryk of Czechoslovnki2 states his country'is to be

represontcdat c0nforence by hor,ambassador ..
['Tass statement

Poland,Yugoslavia,t. Rurnania repudiate Tass statement.

of July 7.J

~. f~

July 9" 1947

:..,

U.. S.. State 'Department; urgos Russians .to reccnsic1er their attitude
i

CO~Jerence

toward Paris

~,'

on 'European rehabilitation.

July, 9" 1947

-,.

{:

'-. .. ...
'

"

. '.-.

"

,',

Rumania, BUJ-garia" Poland, Yugoslavia refuse invitation..

,

,,'~.'i.'

Premier 'Clement Gottwald of CZGchoslovakia, flies to

strnctions..
,"
July 10,

<"

<t; ...

f,;,r ;i.n-,

UOSCOYl

1947
.

Czech government' withdraw,E:!, 'i3.cceptance ,vv:hen Kremlin. instructions are

.'

..

telophc'.,nod by Prt;;mier: Gottwald :to Cz(;),ehoslovakia.

"

Reason given: ,uAcceptance of the inv~tation might be .construed as

an action 2.gainst tho Soviet Union. ll
.:..~,.~

Hungp.ry, 'Albania, and Finland ,,!ond rofllsal..

,Europe ,sp,lit into ,East. and Trost,.
July 12,

'.

1947

ConferQnce convQne,s 'in :Po;ris ,at Quai, d I Orsay..

.,;. ..

."

I'

48. qiplQmats :r.opre.;" "

:

In.J9.ttendanco ,-representatives of: ,.~i.istria, "Belgium," .

Denmark, France, Groeoe, Iceland" Irelp.nd, Italy" Luxembourg" the:. ,':. " .

..

"

Nethorlands, NOJ1Way, Portugal, Sweden, Svvitzerlnnd, Turkoy, United

K~ngdom.

Not ropresented were: Finland, Poland" Hungary.t Ru.mania:~"B'uigaria,

"

Yugo~lavia,

..' ..

::'

Czechoslovakia., Russia.
,

Door left open to Russia and satellite states to oomo in subsequently

if they desiro.

"

,.,.'

.,'

,,_.-.-, ..

~'

.,

,,-".

. ,.'

""

,.

.. ~.. ::

',r.'

\"

. ;',

.
~

..', \.:

..

, . PremiGrci8~ent
G6ttVialdarid'
J?oreigr:{lii~ist8r11:asaryk
b:l:'ing~' b'ack"
. .
.
'.
.
.
_.'
.'
.
, - '

".

f'iv8-;y-6n~ "trag.e pact' with Russia~

"

'"

,',

Pravda: assails Paris, conference but', declares ED.stern Europ6a:n :countries , '
would 'take 'credits f'rom United states'on an individual country ,"9asi.'3'o
July 12; 1947
..... ,

..

'B~lgari~n cabinet' cbmpl~tes B7:~ill~on dollar 'trade agreement for

1947/48, with Soviet ,Russia~ :.'.

.

"

'

~~,

July 12, 1947 :

Russia spurs trade agreomGnts' 3...1'i1ong );ior satelliteB o'f w):li:ch ,the ;"'r.,
Russial1o-:Cz8qh trade treaty c'onclur;J.cd at lIoscow was tl~e' first..- '

"
: .
'

.' J~;i: 14~ 1947

"S?drotary Marshall addresses' Governors l crhf'or~ncci '~t BaIt Lak~'city~

Utah, on thepreservution of out natio~al intorests and of Eurc~ean
civilization.
,

July

.,

14, 1947
Secr~tary Harshall -vvarns' tJ::lat United Stntes 'L.lust help" ,nntio'ns' of

w?storn }i;uroPe 'J;'ehabilitate themsolves or s~o' thein"drift into :Russian O1~bit...

July

14, ,1947 '

SecretarY of' Agriculture Anderson indicates that United sts~9~~fo~d~
. '

relief' shipments.'ne:;d y~ar will not g0 to couritries ih':Russian orbit ..

July 14; 1947
Harold E. stassen says: IlRussia Ii1ust be c0nvinced that 1\.1i1~r.ican will
not have, a' depression. t~

-:,

July 1431947
.. Secrotary of COIDDerce Hart:i..11lari ixi Lond0n in an interview states; (1)'

unito~S-tat8s ,~6t'.Gl~s:l:'ng."cl.bc:r: to:f~t~re ~ar:t~G:i_pati(\n'

in HaTsh~l{~i~-n-:-~i-.,
.
.
.'

....

:..'

..

',

'.:.

.,'

.,

"

EurC',J?oan states 'not'p:articipating in paris::cQp.;ter~nco;_(2) ,United stD.tos._ :

~ .

.:,':

..

.'

I . . . . : ',' '.~

not 0tt~chihg political conditio~s: to ~c0nornc aid 'to YlOrlq.; (3)luno.r~can-,

pplicy looks t6yrar<?-,. two.~VI'ay-.'thrt vij.1g trade.
July

t,.

. :'..':.

l2'- 1947 '. ...

116rl):ing committeos -set up to prop,q.;ee I'eports

reconvone
.
. .iri: Paris to complete ropo'rt
Soptem~or'l",

1947.

fOl~

"

" f

.
qurin~

surnInGr and. to'

. .

. ".

submission
to Unitod
statoson .
'
'.'..
"

"

After 4-day sossion an overall opora~ing c~w\itt?o to'

diroct:th? ropor-t, and

4 sUb~omrllittoos~rQatGd

(1)

to 'dea1with'

food' and

agricu~:t.u:ro.;..(2) irori: and st'cel, ':,0)' :t;;raj.1spc:rt,;. '(4) Tue1 <:-nd POWOl~~

.... ".. ,

July IS, .1947'

N011 ~i:roctivQ.

issued to United states Military Govormp.ont

inGer;nal~y

.
. ~~ln~n~r.O~ucti~n~ anq Urnted B~ates 'an~ Bri t~i~ ;~aCh:tentat~v~ ~~Jr'~em8nt
oruering
....

Lucius .D. Ciay. to to.ke all possible steps. to _inb~oas~

L4 .. General

'

'"

. . . . . . ".

"

. on plan to, double German production..

July 16, 1947'

.I\:ngl~-IU~18ricaT,1 f:t;'iption,d~vo~o~T over coal"produc~~on pr0E;rmJl in ::lliJhr.

as:Britain'"urges
socia1iQ!attcri
of : industries
and tho United
states 0ppo?.?s
. .'
.",
"., ." :
.
'~:.'!

" Ilsocial experim811tatipri ll in favor of immediate production..

Ju-.:!_y 16, ;1947
pu;L;g.ar~a

Cl;ncJ: RUfllan,ia.,?-gr.ee. to, power, transport"

and
torri'tc:rlal 0.0.-...
.>'
. .'
. ..
"

'

....

...

.l

justniontpact ..
July
17". 1947
. <f

.' ..... .

.Hungary signs trade pact vrith Russia.

July 18". 1947
I

Finland andHungarysign trade treaty.

July 18",1947
.... '1".-

,l ~

."

'

."

,'

'Supp1cme"n,tary- appropriation bill carrying',ar:-1ditic nc.l: ~~1~353)021.~;;900

1

18 millicins because they yielded to Russia .favorably repor:ted

biT "vo~c~:

to-

voto:,.frr:'m"HoU:so to,' 90nate.' HOUSG rofUi:ies ''toadbpt Di;ckscn, notiQl'l."

dony aid to ill1 nations that .fail

,C'

'.

cooperate with 1:Iarsha11 P1o.il.~\>,\",>

to

July 19,,'"1947

.~.

.'",

~,-

".~

'Pr/;mior PauJ_Rc'1nadleror' ,Fj~anc8 "suggosts that Ha:rshall,Pl[).n TJill rail

(

unless Soviet Union e.nd its satellites' aro persuaded t(/t8;ko,part,~

,Frnnc'e, is' apprehenmive o.f t.-GrgeiScqle .tTlCrOMlb in :GGtmar 'proc~ll,c;t:ipn and

j,'s ,ton.fronted ..

,~ .Amixis sa~io,i.:- Henri' B0lIDot, in Washing:ton states; ',IlI::t' France

,"

..'

~"

':

:.

"

','

"

,"~''>''

','

with docisions she cannot ,appr,jve; the negotj"ations in Paris coulcl b6 groP.-tly
cndnn;'cred.
ti'
u
".
iFr211C13 favors increased coal production but not Ger.:ll2.n ~tGCl; ,pr9~- .: .<.
ductiori.
July 21, 1947

"

"Presidont Tl'uman, in rapl;y to Ccngross,

.-r:'\

..

J'

Harshall Plan f-or aid,

'SClyS:

. . . .

to l'Juropc 1J..BS' lIat' ,Grx8 corell, o'! ,Uriited -states foroign

polic~i .',

~~st:i.ng,

'

bene-

fits -make ,j, t ,.profitable to andure, tQmporil17 shQrtages;:.

Iri'cmy ,case, the::
...'
.
cost of e.f.fecti VB. fQrEiign aid will- be, only a small fracti.oli
of winning a,war e

of"

th~ C.ost "

I:.

July 21,. 1947

'.:

Secrotar.--j" )ilarshal meets with House Foreign hf.fairs CommittoQ ,inclosed ':
session to explain his pl&"1 ...
July 22, 1947
Houso docides to make 'o1/'n-1 inquiries into foreign' needs duri.ng recess
of Cong:i:'8ss apd i'nstrucl$;;Fore'ign .Affairs C'ommitt~Q, tr.> direot .in,:ostiga~ion;"
also sots up now 19-..111am committeo to make spacial inquiries.-,,,'.

'T'

JiJiv
.,.,
(

23,

1947

..

. ';"~~;"'~('

~:

"

..

, ' S8.croi.!arY'~,Harshall :assures 'Forei'gn :ltLnistor Bidaul,t no:'dis,cussions

Anrlcunconetlt that the United states .'wil1, nC't ,undertake rolief, prcgrarr" '..
0'

..

for POlclhQjo"

"

.,'.-~ .-

': . '-Loridt'n Boa'rd 'of" 'lrado mmc\'unces ,l~nglo-Soviet Trade talks -in l'Iascow
have r8Qched
deadlock e
;
July 2h~ 1947
. Roports fr,om 1~ndJ0n .and' Paris stat-e'; ,F0rdign :Mini-stcrs Bevin and' Bidault
,J

to c('me. to: Washington' ar-ound :ll,ugust

15

for dis cus sio:p VD. th SeC'l~oto.tr:r, Harshall~

Ruhr' question to be' dis ClisB cid in Washington 'in tho ,:iJi1II1edia~Go future VIitho\it
Fronch representation o
July 25$' 1947
.
----,.

France indicates Willingness to participate in ThrGe POYiOr co~eroncq

on Gon~anprob1oms~
July 26 3 1947;..
L'Osse:rvatoro' Ronano s Fopal nevlspapcr,' urges '1JestornEu':!;'opon,ll states1J.:n ,to pay' ,attention ;'to' Russian foo.rsthat Marshall ;plan might represent:danger for 'sovercigi'lty

Df EUropoannations.. .' ' . .

iIoscowgrants Albania a HSBa11 credittr for machineryo

;,

July 28,1947" '

At a meetinG of the UN Economc and Social ,Council the Soviet repr'e-

sentatives. again reject a French plea to participate in the

ThGy-st~te that ~he
.

lIarshal~. Plan.
-:....

~ ~

. '

"J

UNhas not officially been informed of the Plan and

I,'

"J.~.

f1li'ther. that: the 'Plan calls:'fGr'rthe':reCOf1,struction ,oiEurope linlmd closely

to Gorr:l2.n econoqy... . .
.. '<,;
. '.' .

.J ' . :' '

. ,'.

" .:

~.

' . , _.

" .)~:;'~;. ,': ;,', ;':\Y' ,;",~.j;~f~;~.'X",\:,;"":,,

Aug\1st '!6~

\ .

'i947~ "

" ..'.:.'. ,'.', .'

. f. ~ . ,

"':..,::~!/~~;:i~.:::.; ,~. :__

;.~,

/:;:.:' ':."

,:.":

.'. :' '=.:'~~';~,HD?t{~<:'.'::" ;, ',: .

.C9BrrlaTldo'r .Qf. Soviot; ::zotie in.'d-cr.LWtty::,'ri3i'u?,8:;; }to: 8:pS::lin~,quos:l?~6riria?-~.e ,.' '. "

::;::~f~~!,;~,\~g~J::,~tt1~t~i];~:~;\~r"t~0t;~:~~i~~~f~~~!~~;~"Eit
It is" arnoun:cQ.d that the 'iJidto21. states rGtUJ.

-',

':

-'

\'1' ..

..-

ns her' quota 'ot approxi-

tlatoly 28.wartineBeized ships.to Italy:","

", -

:.

r . . . . . .:'..

l....-..I!

..

.....

.. '
-:..., ... '.

.:.".

~.:';

..

. t

.' . .

'

.~_ ....

~:
... '

. Secrotary 1iarshall assures FrC"...ncethat hO!r' .views will be invij:,ed. 0)].

.

.'

Ru..hr.

....;.' .' . .

coal
'

- : . ':.

~. ';':>

-";

":,

.. :."~",,::,,

:.'

.~

,~ .. ::.:-~.

. ::.....;,

";~-'::'4;-'~-::'

. . , ;::; -'

.I

:7""" -,.

~'.'

:':';:_ .. :."

.. \ :'

, .-

ano.
'German production
'questions"
.:.
.
.

.r,

'.

'

,',

'.':

;,-

,.-

,~-

.'

'~" ~.'-

,:r,,'

. ",' Franc~' a~6epts invitp,tion to c~rifer wit}], UDited sta'te.s .ap.S:l )3~~itain:., . . ,'
,

'

~,

. '

ll.ugust '12'~: "3.9'47:'

,:' : Rub.r co'al.

.'-;.' ,

. ,':'.,

".(

"

. ,.' . ' ~

,:"~ :~'t"::: .~ ..

..... ,.. ' -:- . '.. ;.

:';""- ';.,\'..

in' Lbho.cn:'oh ';i3..ising level ~fG~rlj1[m ind:\lstrai ,oupv.t~,..

~.;':-

,."."

''-~.'

'.:'
:.

".

-. . "

'r~

"

"

~) :" '.

.. "

p;oducti~n talks botv~~en, Uni~od State.sand

Rei

'

. 1."', . "

tain'~~;e.P. .in ':.' '.:;":

!~.

\ . : , ','

"

..

'.,.

llashington,.
l\.ugust 13~ 1947

j ... ':

.'

-,

'

St0to Departm~iit issues point by point denial' of all' charges 'made by' .. '.,
,

. '.

,...,.

l' -

,',

.....

, .

Marshal :Tito against United states and rominds'h~thathe refusG~ to

".

"

.'. .

'.

"

.\ .~..- ..".:

United' s'ta:t'e,s' .cancelS 1 billion dollars ~f w,ar clams' agalJ;lst .Italy;.

"

'

..

'.

., .

'.

. \' :

'

.., ..

_:urif:ree:lios, 60"miliLbn' do~iars in ~mr assets; signs over .to, Italy 28 ships
. ':.. "

;'

",

".;,

~. "
'.',

'

soized' cluring':Wariime; redeems '10:--15 million"do;llar's in scriptisBued to.

I ..

.'

~.

:, ......
. "'.,

.,

Italian war ,prisonemin the United States;trirris Uni~ed states' clailV-!?' .

.

__ '

'. .

against Italy to

.5' million

__

'.

"'

..

"

.'" ...
. :;:..-!_:~,'. _"u t ..::..... "':'~"~.; .... ,: ..

doD.ars; agrees,to sign friendSil:ii:p':pac~-vi{tli::.' ~.

;

Italy later':this yea:r;' . A

-~ ..

,".

~.

'-~._. ,.~

secon~{ pact 'oove:J;s' +~turn, of. i,)row~; jlJn6rican.... ,.: ~', ~

. "

'. ~

proporty ,in .Italy' arid retirement' of 136 J?illion dollars in, 'prE;;y!ar Italian
bonds.

A third pact C0vors disposal of;. German external assots 0 ,:

..

.,.

;,

......

'.::'1' . . .r::;' ,;
.
Martin appoints/Rep .. Eat.."n to hoad 19...,nbmbcn; grouP.1 but Rep!'

........

.SY~eaker

. ' ,

.. :

!. ::

-:

:.

,( ;".....>.'

,~ ~
I
.'...
........:
:
.: .
'
"
."
" . ,:". '..::' . ".
'. Herter, to heCt(j, the group when ..it. GOG~ ovorsoas .{\.ugust.. 2T~,. Als'o;;;;~25,.OOO
.:... ;,-t':":."

. ,.

vO~Gcl, fOl:

Rep, Ea:ton I

.....

. ......: ....

-'

..'

s Forei~~\:\.f.fairS CC'm~1it tec ..

. .'

~ . Soviet'~Yugoslav barter' anC:l '9rQd,i'J:; agrqo1Jl,o.ht .. is announced 'in'Uoscm\r~

" .....:,.:..~)< .~,/. ::;.:>:.':-::. ;'.,: :<: :~~.. ."

'<"'A~~~~~t':i;:--~~47"'~'
.'

',:;'

..

'

: ':,> ".S~crGtarY of
. ""~.' ~ ::., .' ::. ~ .

.::-

'

..

'V{ar. K8T1.net~ Ct' Royiiil,d,e'rd!3s Ftqnqh' r0P~~ts ,:-t,h,it' S:tate

. . . . .:.',

..

~""

.. ~~. ;'." ':::'.,. ~

: . .."

~;

.. ' ," ..,- ..... >' ~.

bofol~eraisiDi
levE&
.
. .
,

or Wa;' Departmen:t
have. agreed to Qonsult:j!ro4P!1
. . ;. ... . :., .
;

"

'

.' . . '
~

, G~r.man.'in.dusf,ry ..

'~.

"

'.:"

~.

.~..

or

.. .

,~ August;": 3'~ ':1947

,'. '-!"i-di~~~ii~
:~

,'.

Premier. Dimit;ov' .returns to So..f;ia after.

..... ~:_/.j:,': ...: ...:....,,~,.

','

~o~6i;;ding 'agr~e-

.mentswithMarshall.Tito fpr customs union9 aboliti6n of visas and co.

... :

.'

'

'.-',

-',

'. ' . ! .

.-': or,clination.- of, forei,gn policy*

......

.:

'

."

'.

.....

s:~,at6s:
.'

<

lfThere is no qhame in one brave. an,cJ.. faithful ally 1: doeply: in-:-

:.

..;,.

'.

,:'jured in the' '9ommon struggle, askiJ?g anothor to help

"

"

.' A~gust, .'5~.. i92a

.f";' ~ : ~

'.

.. '

"

. . . . . . :',
.

;,

'. ~ " ~.'

,-,.

"

... :..

1,1

': :':- ...

... ~~O:RGE G.. MARSH.Al~ :..... ;.

'.' :;: ',: ~ . ~ESEARCH,: LfBRAkl' ',<:~.

......

'.-

.. , ...-'
,,'

"','.'

". :.:
:

.:

/.'

,.'

"

'.

:"
.-: '0

'.

t.

hin' rGco.v81~ and staric{

'.

up-aD: his' f8~t~w

"

1rr~ .ChUrchill in spe8Qh at Blenheim Pa~ace':~ges ~r~t~~h'sGlf~reliance

.'

'. and

'.

' . ,.,'.

-.

."

'. -.
~

'"

,-

:.;,.

. /.

22 '-:--.'.,
~'.

Augus:t:":31;, 19.47... -

- ,

'..,' ,.... . . '

'.

., .' '..

.' .' ,'. :.,

'"

",:"

..

. ~. _.'

,'.~

. .'.,'., ':";"'" ,. ..'

~e':i;Bfl, 1":~iQ"~~~~S}~~han:p ~~~;;t':"X::~>d :-~- :-_:'-;< t/i

Septem~er.

3p.. 194L:.;,::-',

..,

j,

secret'''YLovet~~ay~'~~~~~~n~'?~;:'":',ei;oh~~p;':~;.'~~ g~~~:~~?>
t

" .

: "

'._.

worso .f3:.1?.'~qri than .Qxp,e~.ted; ~lq~ ~.o_~ta9:t~... o.:r; .l}od;.\1j.Dc;lu.ding dJ?0ught, and. ;:

' : ,

"-,

..... : .

.;

-;' _';>-,

.of :.....

:~.

,..', ,',' ':";."

.. '

' - "'''';;.'' :s' ....._:.. . ,::

. ',!',

dainagcd food. pJ..~C?duction.

September

5, 19h7

.:~.

J.

,.

.'.

'-

'.wash~h~~~n.,Angig-Amer{,ca~:, :~'f)C~~S~~l~S :;f~~Ch. ~gre~me~t: ~ P~.~~\,~~~ .;:

''':,'

the joint.. Rperatio;o, . of Ruhr. niines "flOW 'operat.ed.. 'by. Br;i. ta:l it".' ':
.

- \

"r..

B.rita.-il::t

,:_ -:. ,': .....:_~

.r~j~.c:ts

RUiBsia:: .:Cpr..:r:8:i~~.J:;l~ ':~~".

.

~ ..

',.~:~,.:

".

.'"0: -

.:., .l.~

'. -,

I;' ;' .

5. :'' ' :,.~'~': ,.:' . . ,..

l,

tte: at,..;;QE?:sm~J:,.'Jl~,: 0.l} .;Gl?-Orlcil11;~,~

.1

. ; . , ' , ",~

j'-'

-.;.

for in the l?_ot~dam. ~gr:~em~nt,~; .:

'.

'.'

"

",'

"

'.

':~

:' : l

l .,

-.:

.'

: :',

'.

::~~.

,".

,.L

'.

'.::.

"

.'

.'

,.'-

.,

~:

: ",'

,:,:.--.'.,~.

.,.,

:"

"

".

.;,;..:..';' :.' . ~~
.S.ccrotarY :Marshall' tel],s . news 'conJ;e:I;"~~ce
..

....

unit t ,:wh~pi} '1Y~~,~ro.yi_ci~~

'-'

".

SePtembor 10 .... 1947.

'''.J.

.~~' 'J'1~'~ PQV~:e~ . pact';'. ~~i,~;Lc~,3i..114>.

Russian pr.otests

" " , ~; ..._. . - "::.,

.'

-.

"

.~.

.'~';"

"

'.

. . , ::::,'.'

Bvr6pe' '.ftce,s-: }rinto~o.rab1.9: ..

_'.'

' : " ;

'

..

..

l.1

hunger and co1d 't next 'winter unless emergenc;;y food and fue:}:_ a,re

~p~o'ride.d....:

,...,:' .' ~ .~~~ <:::': ., -' _.,.~~:..' :,-

basf't3'

. '"

"

Soptembe r 10,. 1947

. "."

.'.

'.'

SengtorRo.bert. A... Taft' opposes

~pecial

sess.ion of .CQ:ngr,pss .on

tl~~i}.r.ep~~t~ '~al~~~~',:~'~" C~~~l~t~~".i~~i~.Ja0u2,ry . ,.

'"

i '

','

Septcmb8r 10 3 1947'

,"

.,' - . ~ ' ..,.

..

.
,

'.: ~;- .

:- Ft);r:eigrt ,.M:i,.llir~ter:' .B~)Vih. suggOEl~S .Uni tod. $tate,s .-stC?-rt. poacoiJ,:Ln\0 ....
,.. , ' .
... :
.'. '. .:.. ,.~...:
.... . . , . - . . . .
.".
. .
.:

,'-.,

"

iend-lease
prog:c,p,.m.
and redistribute
. Ft III lCn'oi g6J;d~

.
" ,
'
. ,.l_ ~ . ' .
_.
. . '.
Sept:Gniber '10 ;J ],947
.

i:~

(':,

',; , '.!

'~.'

""~'.::.

.. $ecr~tq.ry..1{Iars:QalJ,
!

., .. '

",

.'.

, ,

~.

.;. ,

....

1 . . .

announces -Chat p.i:p~ri?.rioc~9sarY

..".

: . .

"

.'.

-'

for appropr~ate.
".;'

,'.

congrcmsiQna;i .action on.. Eur.opeaF' suppiies '~nd reliof. ivlJ.' b.G, r'q~dy ,in,

::'

'"

~.

....

;'

. , '

. '

.' ,

'

,J

:tatt'Br part ..qf Octob.er .

': "'>

.;

c,

..

. ~',''2;L':'" .
"

August 2i~',:J-947,

state.Ue~artment:disc16s~~ that'a prote~t has ,been reqeiv~~ from~

, So~et '~nio~
.

."

'aga:i41~t ~~hding ,~~hf\:;'~~'ri6~

o,f:"tfii:Lted' St<:Lt~t3"

an:l France to raise' ~dustri~l l~v:el' of-AnglO-..{l.merican'

". . .

'.

..

'August '25, ':li;tLa" ':,' ':" ',:, :'

.:

'.

Gp3atB:d:tain",

'"

zone 1n ~e'rinB;llY'~:""<, "':, ,

.
'"

.', 'Russia b~rs' C~ngressi6nal subcormnittee'from entSJt'ii"ig:t)1r.e ~oviet

, Unlon,.
August 27 ;, ,1947'
Secretary 'Lovett' at a news' conference 'states; European r~qovery
,

program' be'ing draft8'd in'

A~~u~'t"'28;;t'1947 ,~

pa:ri~ ~B9t,:l?E:?),Ir.~~~!?~na:ri1-~:a nd r~a,listic'.. tl

. :~
./:';> ','
":-'

,><.:' :,', "

~~

"YVilii~~ ,i.. 'bl~iton, G~'9rge ,F"

~iVJ~' Douglas"

KeP-nan>

~:

" .

.:.

:"

'.

Jeffers,on

...

Caffery in Paris to consult, op' ~;irfi[ii:ing down fir~t' estima;t.es of'the "
"

..

Conrrnittee 'or European Economtc Go-op'eratioD. o

'

.~\:.':., .~:<

August 28~"'1947'
.'

Hert~r C9mmittee sails for'Europe.

August 29, 1947,!

'As a' 'result of 6...day confereIl..:ce 'in Lond6h~, France~ United,stntes
and Britain' announce plans for restorat~Gn of'German 'illdustrial
.... . . production'
.
,
to 1936levels ..
, -, Tall-;:s :-h~ld in "spite' ~'f Rus~ian: 'P.;;o~ests" ' , Fail to: p~ov-ide"

guar~ntee 'that. France will r8ce~ve'~li"R~c~;~o~lc'and coke

assured:

(1)

German reQovery not to be given,priorityover

she

~eeds",

]fr'ance

~emQ~rqti~:

countries; (2), derhi~ita:rizcl.tion of Gennany the":primcp:1"oT;:)je~tive';',{3} ,any

new Dnited stateS-Britain' plan,'wJ.:ll

o~' SQ. 'd~a~'n up: ~~, hot,,'t6" 'cil~owthe

;ROOr to become an instrument of aggression; ,'London decisiori>~ubjcot to'

o

'

change 'by Big Four foreign.minister~ in November London meeting.

z.

,;,. 24 .~ :.,'. :,';~.,::/

\.~.'

h....

.\

.'

\.....' ...

"

0.::.:'

IIshov.rdown with 'Russia n i q ' ;inevitable~' .

.:

.'.-

Sep~ember.. 1Bl1947.

~~-

,,.

....,.;;:~>

,,'"

Hou~e'.' Speaker ~~:~ti; aPriounc8~,'P~e~iete.n:t':'Tr)1ffiftnhas

;: ,~

'.

'.'

'.

\I

_ .;::: ':'"

." ...' , . .

.'

'. '.' \ ':. .

',' '":.-

.'.

failed'

:" ".

.': I :' .'

t~
'-

,keep Republican leaders inf.orffit3.d .on:Euro'pean, .qnd:j..t;ions; ,S80S,no noed for "
.

,,'

......; i

..;

"

.,:

:"!'

;.

','

"':: .

.",

September 18~ 1947,

J'.

~)

.',

".' ' .

" :.

.'

.:'! '..

'.

,Sopator'Taft'~ndorsGs ~arshali,Plan
in Los A~ielesG
.
. .'.
. '

'

':

.::

"1.~

. ,-.

"...
;.

'.

'Sen..' Geovge' n.. Aiken'rec6m..rnends ExPrur4":':)inport

_,,"

' .

"

, "

"

Bank' aid to ltalYa "

".,

..

Soptembor' i~~. 1947. ' ' '.

.

..

"
('

"

S~Vi~t Deputy For?ig~ Min~~t~r y~shi~Sk$charg~s united'S~at~~

"

with

,I

war~ongGring.~.
.

.'

.,'"

,-.:}

September 20, ,1947'

..

Senate

.. ' \:f.':
. , .'-:

Ap~ropriationB

Committee meets 'to ?iSGUSS

!~8~ican

"Soptombor 201' 1947 ' ,

Arthur, H. Vandenberg" Chapman bf",the Senate ForeilSD: Relationi3
.

Committeo:l SGet? .ai4' to

riurop8

.. '

..

~s:vi taJ:'.,.

:.

"

.... .
I

'r-

......./

: . "I .

. I

>.'~~,

,. SepembQr li/1947'

"s~c~et~ry' r:a:r~man' stat:es' Mar~h.a:l;i .Plan :wii~ inV:?lY~: ~~i.~~~.~a:l.<:'~':

'.... :~~~e~~.lA~nt~~~9.~~~~iEf:':6';et:;e~6it~'~i:-:
,

- , . . . "

:;I;~ /"

- ..

"

~.

:'.,.

>:!-;' ;.~,

:i

~ :: . ~ . :__ ~;"'" ;.:<,.; :;..:. :.".:-~.~:',

:-..

" .'5".

. ~. :.' ."::."'. ";The l6:..na:tion i Eurqpean' Ei:onom:id

.

~"'.

.;'

"

.',

..

f\, .. .',

... ;

Co~ciperabion'

..

'arllio~ri~e~.':rep'pr~ ~1:4~ ,sept~~be~ ~5.j,;deiayed

at

.'~

'",

<.'; ..

..-:,." -:

.....:' ~<':. ,::,,::> ::...;;:/. ':~/

\:

,\:'.

"

.;7

..

September"12 -1947,: ': .'. .' " -.

.;;.;.:- . >:.: .',...../ . ~:.: .. :~:;,'. '.' "

~

:.,",; ...... ',:

C6mmit't8e;in' Par'is
,': ....

"','

l~ast'.a '~{eekl",~~d~'st~tes

\,' .-:'. .

. .

\',

that 'tho 'Driginal:2~ billion do~lar Gstimates h 0 ve been.pare~.~o 20

..

b1.llion dollars,.'

s~~te~ber~i21 1947

..

:'

...

",,'

~.

:"r:~;r . ~ :~"',

....

...

"1"

...

'

~id' coiJ.:i;'Grcinc~ in .Paris acc~pt~'6 basic. condltions.made.

'.

'.~,

: '..

by.:.... ..

:.' .,,}','

.:

'.,'"

..

SciciC:tcirt ci~yton, "n~Gly: ; (1) -t6~':;tal!;:?:~qqi4t~' stops .t:~~;rn~d~ financial

,/

~n~':~9~6.~~~JT s'ta~iiity~',(2/:;~'?~:~i;b'~~~~~~;t~;'i;'~prOd~~~'i'j~:p;~~r~j.

:.b~f~~~;s~' (~) tp dG~uct .6~Pi,~~~:"'~pe..d~ ~

'fi~a~?Gd' :by TiTQrld Ba'~; (5)_~; fb~. C~~'{ipu~ng organ~z~tign"~~d.'.~~e6k~

.' 0) ..to .agree to reduc6 t;ade

.t;, '~~C~g~~~:~''~~mhi~~:'''Qbd,e~tiv~s' .~~~/~'~~

'~p(;ndit~~e~.
~nci~r-;i.~;~',(6)
. . , .I .' . ' .
.
,

"

" .

spol'l;sibiJ..iti-.GS ,,:.

'-

.f .. '

,..

'/
/

.':.FTciP.Ch, ~oreigri MinJ.s-q~y,a~v.nces: ...~~udY

of .a .customq
'

.. .:

:';~io~ ~y:il1'
...

. b~ made 'b~ A~str~a~ ... B~lgiU!l1~ ':Brit'?-ih, .De~~~k.t ;rr~la.nd.. :~rancG~ Greoe~'i
~

}'.

'"

.' (

.' .

,I.

'.'~,

..)1;",

Iceland, Italy~ 'Luxembourg" the ~othGrlands, ~ortugp.J" Tur~ey" ,RUEJ-a~~a:,

and 10 other E.as.terrr E~ropean. c'oun~ri~s':l:ill probably,.be ..il}Y~:t~ci~:in~
. . ...-..

91uding ;Russia.

".

..

,':' ~

./

'.,

,\

./

Moscow ~rarns', Scandlnavian

nations aB.ins:L creation.
:of. . rO'giO'~al::-.
. .
..'
'.','

\cust9ms union? .'dnd :voices suspicion JiTorthern Eufopo ;being inclUde~.'-in.. '.
.

'-

weste~n biDe' n~w

,

'-

...... ~

:sponsored" Uby' ~~a~tib:l~~;';'.Al1g1o:-Amed~D,ri solJicos l> 1,1 ,:

September 16)1 .194~

....,.

'"

.Moses report on Germah'indust.rY,>, . .spoaks of dangor of dOlnocrcitieforces

in Ger:inany . gravitatIng \d;ar,~ RU$sia~

..1"

..':.

~~'fYC'

- 25 -

.';

. ~. ';, ,..;i . ~

,'.

':"-.

!-. .

Asso'ciation at Atlantic City" ~dvoGates f'orm,ation ,by the .UlJ.i.t\';ld St,a:t~s pf', " ,
.

'a U,,'.s~

-'

.-'

'.

.~ . . "'~.

,'.'1

.. '~.'.'.

Corporation .fo"!!:rEUroP\3a:ti.l}ec~l1Structiontq handle ,Mar.sl:J.qll Plan;

'

'

','

. '

:..

0',

"

(~) '~~:i ~a:kG' cer,t'ainth~t .. as:~,it?t?nG.e

.

'

'.

'.

o'

.00

..,

by, Unite.d s.tat~s. was pro.du~t;i.v.ol;v.,

......

__ , . '

"r

used and usqd to promote the key inq.ustriGs~ (2) to exert influenco.,:

.
' . """
,

io per;uadG

wostern'Europcan nations to check inflation~ry~easur~s~.

.~"

(3) to e,ncour:age rE<lJl.oval. 0,:( .:tr:ad~

_','

. ' ,

"';"

:~

'.

'0' '."

.'

' :

'

~ ~: ~t

J;'q.Eitri~tionCl, and._e~onol11ic

..-.

,'0

".

September 2~,. 1947 ,,:'. :.--:'.. ,. . .... , .. ,

".:
.

....

'.

' .'

./

':

...

'

,"

'.'

"

"

... -','

.,,:: -

.'

.' .

cont.J;'olo
0"

;.

'!..

;.

...

"

'" '" t ;', .

.,HerbQr~ Hoove~ states'V1orl9- ,f'aces-.,;Hgr;ayest, danger ,of': ma~1S ..

.",

,,:

..) . .

starvat.ion~tl

.,

"':~

','

','

..

-f

sopto,n~bor 21 to 28~ 1947, ':',~'

-! -'.

. ,.....

..

-~:

',: -,I

.' .. ~ .... ~...,

,.",

':' ~'-' ~:.

.t ..

;~f- . . .

;! .

."

.',

:.

'" _'.

. ','

:-t"

,',.

'I

"

,. .' .: -.-. ",' .:. ....

,..-....

Conr,e:).'Gnc~
:Lh" I:'ola.pd
''}IGrmann'Gooring~
s forme,r hUl'lting-lodge
'.
..
... .... ,.(a!;'
.
.
..
.
-'

. '

.,'.

) . '

"!.

,~

"

;.

Wilka in .~1ro6i2.vi'~':Lri.,:Lo~v8r-'8tlb'sj.a"} ,'pr69-uctng C0l11inf'orm'

manfestoof"
.
.
- "

If;

octobc.:r
," ,.

:.'.

:.

..~' .. :

. '

!.

Sl."l947'"
I and.. a'p:p~;ving'
. . .

.:

t'

""."

nf'!?rmC;J.;ti!m:
'!?u;l.'eSl-u . '
, :; .
' ..:
. .

"

Present::: -Andrei'A'~::~Zdlia:tiov/.. Ge~:j:!g:("JII~: Malenkov" of'

Politbureau;
,'.

.'

..

'.'

-.

:".",

R~S8ia IS

'~~c~ prcm~~~ ~~v:a~~ K~~deiij".!.~i~~st~r: ~lithO~{"P~;t;foii'o' ':

"' .....:. '..

"

.-. '''~:r.

'0'

. : . ':-

-. ':.

.:.

. . : .... ' : ' ' : ' ,

.~.-.).:

~:

_.

.;..

,.

:".

Milovan Djila/? of' Yugoslavip.; V;i.OG. Pr81I1i~r. ,laiJ,ystaw (}omulka, Industry

~.

.. ., .

~.."

I':
I

Trade Minister Hillary- Minc' of Polan!J:;" J~cq\.feSDuc11),S :and~~ti8n "Fajon"~'-",

-of

Fra~c'o;".' Lu.i~~ L~ngo- 'nnd

.'

.'

..";.' '.;.

'; "

Eugenio 'RC:ale
_

Jl _

Oi~:

Italy'; Ariria' ~aukt;r 'and

.'

B" Poptoniov of

.'..

Georgo Gheorghiu":'Dej of' Rumania; -Vulko

Cho'rvei1kov and
.

'.

.,4.

.... '.

.~.

"

Bulgaria; Mihali Fakas and J~s'Gf Revai'Of' Hungary; Ro. Slau.skY:~nd S'o .,-~'
Dashtovansky of Cz~chos~o.Yakla~
.';'

..:.,';:

".~

.....

c
:

:"

.....

_.',.'

:'-.

"

"~-

26Septembor 2-2, 1947

Volume.

I'~

E.qQl-1om.i~...Co";":: : '. .-

General Report. of Committee of European.

operation signe'd by the 16 nations: parti6ipa:tirig.in:Eur~poillcc\nference ..

". ~

"

. .... 'R6co:Very

pla'~ 'cove~s 'a11:'16

signatoriGs'

','

and\et~ ~p. pr~d;icti'on"

bases 'ih'co~l~ eicctric power~ crudo steel, inland 'transport facilitios ..

and crude o;L:J,';
September'22,'

1947

~ ',Estiincited"n~8ds ~rG':$22,44o,iJOO)OOO-.f~r tho n~xt"4

yeai's$

$3~110.. OPO,,000 to be financed by World Bank; $?-5~810,000jOOO:~.from.;

. . .'.

United

statqs~' $5,919;000 .. 000' ~~~

~f ih6'imeri~a~'continents~

the rest

The report itemizes tho year-by-year deficit as folJ-ows:

....

(~n bllJ-lons OI
IT.
I '

1948

it

Deficit of TIepend.
torie~ '.
"

Terri~

2Q162"1
0.,.92::'

15,,81
t'

" 1

oe46',y'

;Q~26,

o~ib'"

.J..

i 8.. 04',

6..351.4..65'1
,I. . .

----;---;:'-':-.

,6.. 09r' ll<i5&t:,3Sy,,

, ,

,~,-,

1:7~58
,

. ;

.,

---c.

I....

~.c..

1':'-:-:-'.-.:-.:-.

.4.. 271' 3.. 21Jr

.li:l82, . l,dOI

5-064
1 ..94

,.

1949: t.' 195a,.-., .:195i ::, '. 'Total'" :.,

. 1 .

I'

~~--,,---"-....:.....o-'--"-;---~--~t:--:-'---:7""---:-7";
:"--:.--'-I.~-:-"

Deficit with the' U4 S,,'

Rest of lUlleric~n Continoht:

\:'. f;"

dollars) '., .,;.i:,.:..: ..:' _ ....

5~W'

.2l~78

t'

0"i3:' .'" o"~'65'

.

'I

3.40

22'~44

I'

. 1

..
Major points, c~ll. for: (1.) naproduct;i,vG effort u.nparalleled in
.'

Europo'S,~~s~ory;

"~'

I,...

~.,: ~

'.,'....

~ '

....

'.

"

(2) establishmo4t.of international, .Gcanemic, financial,

"

"

#.

", '

.. '.

~."" ~'

,.

and monatar-J.stabi+it~in.Yi9stern Europe; (3) a cooporativoeffort to

__.

f \,

..

i'

. ' .

reducG trade barriers and to form eventuallY,a

.

.,

(4) largo but diminishing <\moricnn aid for

until sho can pay her

Olm

~,

: '.

disaster.;

~.:

" :;

~opoan.cu~toms union;
:

,...

4 years

,.

"

. -j'

to tide ovorEurope

way. II

Aid to bo furnished on a diminishing scale.

strossed.

' '.

Solf-help progrBm

Warns that failure to assist Europa would be fraught Yrith

',- . . .

"~ .'

..,;

;,"
;-'

.,

.,

:",

!ll~Gting' of th'Q problems'...

dG~ig~~te'd"a's-" V~lTh'1l.e: I COilGo';n~d with '~-onoral .

'-:,<:'_~~~

:.,.

'.\.~

.~

c::

..:.'

t~~o, ~;ciSl,ims :of -'Eu~_o~~.ai~ .~.c:~omJ.~~.':r.~.~ov::~~ _~~d 'p~~'li~ :,:toi' tho"

statomont, 0 f

t .

part'
~i;~~'6rt
. . ':"-':':

-The

~.'

,...

': ': .'

released.~t

II to be

'

'.

.;c

.."..

"

date~

later'

. '. \

' :.

:~""

VolR~G

'.

....

report of technicai;s~b~o~ittees~L the conferenc8 o

by

Final report written

th~

to be devotod to

~.. .!

'

.: i

' .' '

prof~ssor Denpi~

:-

"

Marris OI ~Lford~
...~ "._:.' ;.

.J

Isaiah BGrlin'~
Britain; Jean Monhet-and.ijerv~~lphand'~
Fran6e~ .
..
'..
"

..

8~ptemb!3~. 22 .. 1947

.', ."

'..

'

,,

".

'.

,'..

' . '

';'

.-.

'-\',

.;. --'

S~nator Ho~er Ferguson ~nn~~~f~~ ~,wil+ 0IIor Congress' s~bsti:'

..r

.: ..

!::,.: ';':-"'~'-::.'''~:'~;< .;::':~':....

</,< :\,::"

t.,

','

"

'. . .

tute f'or .-Mars-hall plan.p-rmr.i.dmg pr.:i.vate iri.sJ~ead of governmont 103m be

'-"

'.

~ -

::'

:.'

.', '.',

~;~.

": ,: ......ri :; .

-'

"

givG.n~

S.epte~ber . 24;

194r':'
.:'

.'~,

President Trpman calls'coDference of Congressional

.- .

'~

".

.".

'.'

about

on

"

._

special'session~

......- ...

September

'".

... - ....
.
Congres~ionalleadGrs ret~cent
~

Septembor 29 to discuss Europe'em report.

'.

l~aders.

~~,:

24;

.. ,.,

'"

-.,.:,

"

-.

194~

ACting Secretary of state Robert A. L-ovett acknoTflGdgos ,receipt

of report' and
.

.'.

"

~alls attentic\ll
.. .
. -' .
.

and Nourse 'committees..

to anticipator;,,'
V'{ork by t1;J.e tiar,t':j.r.,{a'h; 'i(;r'ugi_
. '..
..
-.'

."

:.'\

Statel;: some oIthe parti.cipants at the' Pa~is

conference. were being invited to United Stntos for conference Cs,rly in"
October_
September

24; 1947 ",:

Harriman

co~itt8e'makes

special. interim report 6n grain export,

policy_:..

..

...

:..

September
2)3 1947
,
,-

"'" :)?:r;-es if.:!.el,1t

'.~'"

.;-1

~':-:..'

..

Trum~n pro~l~im~

_"'~:'"

.~. , .::.;

,:w ..: ,

"':.

consorVG:fQod produpts affecting grain suppiy~

,

".

' . . ,.--;;~.:.~.. : ... .:.i.I""\'~'

'

/ na ~iona1. -v1aS te-less campaign to:.':;.

,,'.~.

.';

',,':

- . ' ; .. -

':

o' ;'

..

Appo:Lnt$ 'Citi!ZJens Food" Cornmittoe. u~dG; chairmanship.o.f 'Chcirios" ", .. ,

,.

Luckmal,1

.'

"

~'

':.

'

' :

... 4

.':.

.'

t~.dirGQt campaig~~_
;

I":

'.

,.

stutes Europe1s eponomic 8l:1ergency J1cannot,vmit o.na

.'

-..

'"

s,tudy roqui:rod for the.

":.

_.

.::'

I' .

: "

.:

;~:

'.;,

.' "

qC1,1~.ef1,11,
.:.

: - , I

Q~ora~\:~ec~~~~~. :~n.;~he ~.~ar~hal;L ~3:~rill.lr

'"
~

'.

.'

)~eptGmber ' 2~~. ~~h~

." ,.
.' ' pro~~~~Gnt .TrUman acknow;Lodgcis ;~'~~:iPt: .~;. [6 'EUr6p~~n ~~;~ons:
.

. .

:: ~-",'

. ....'

report and states that ff,it r'le.cts

,.:.~

'".: .....

~ .

.','.~~j..

',;

:.~:

:...;

"::t:"~{

:1~'.!: . . '~' ..

c~o~era~:ion by the 16,co~tr~e~ participating'

.---..,..:-

~:""

.,

-.

...... ,..

..

'.'

; .

' .

-.

:.-'...

at oconomic'

.',.

=:. 'it'is

-:'

..

"

'an;unp~ec~dentGd~eff~rt

:- ;..:

a~ important

. and encouraging first step that '~hesG nations h'av~ had the initiaHve "
'and, detGrmina-tion to meet, together and p:roduce -this repo;rt;u sta,tes .

ha:has;aske~_:ongres~~Ohal leaders to 'meet~~~h Aim on MondaY~:~Se~t~mb8r

.

,,"'.

291 to discuss:o ~'. a~ci?i-on to be 'taken by. t:p..e

states ,..-00. 11
. JJriito,d
... ::.
',

.. :.... :

.L

wlnver.,., ,
.

.... :.'

..

'.:.' .- ~ '.

"

-,'

".

Sept,ember .26., .1947'

'

Senate II,r,tled Services and Appropriatj,.ol'?-I? ,CoIIl!llittee's ~eprt?senta~

~.

.. .

tiV8S

leav~ or.~urope.
:

~'.

.' ..

... " ..

''"

.'..

: '.

.,:
.~

'r

t ... ":...,,.

t' ~

September 27~ 1947

Poland 1S Dr.. Oscar L,ange calls upon U"N.. members t~<b,~y~~,~t '::" _,'.
,'-'

y{oste~n.Europefs ro~oye~J blu8print~

:

:-'

..'

.'

:.\

'-:--_._-

'

': .. ,.....

','

Septembe:r 29, 1947

British Undersecretary for'Foreign'Lffuirs Christopher Mahm7
. announces at U,N. that the dClor still remains open to Eastern European.
countries to come into the Marshall ;Plan.

t
~.

.,"....

},,'.;. ':,"::,
.

".

, ..

',':-'

..... ' .,..'

" .... : ;. ',,;,, ,29

'

< ~

E.

'.:

"

',.
'.

..

",

'

"

. . . :.'

Presid~nt. Tn;man Tloets,}'{itlr Gi?D-grcssi9iTal :1.9aders, ,r'~q1io~sting

.

'.'

'..

.' .

.'

'.'

",

, A,ppropria't~c-'ns. anCl:'F~~Gign RB,b.ti 9n::s, cm:rrllitteos,

;

",: c'on~r~s~
....

. ..

"

"

to lim6ot, at' .tlO ,e;;l;liCcstpossible

.

.....,

of both "iiou~~'s"'6f.
:

tion can salvage only 332 milliQl1s from prosent appr6pri~-tiop's0"

:

~\drrliriistre:'-' -,

:,'

,,".' ~"

da:G~" ll" 'I~~'~d::,.s.'86. ~iiiion "

,.-.

';.

, dolla~~ win;ter. .stopgap

aid program :for ,Frffil-ce",andItaiy ~ "
...,'
. '

...,

:"

--,~.

..

.'

President ,Tru..111-:m at White lIouse' conference, st:at~s (1) iong-ra;,go," ..

,Ma;shall 'Pl~ impossiblo unless :United rsta;t.es
..

.:

",,'

.:

provides' fc:io<i, aJ1~'

fuel. to'
.

help France D,nd Ita;LY to Itsurvive this oritical winter as fice and in-

a ~'pedai '~Qssion'1m-:~
less. ~;~Si~8~t', of, o~in~o~'t~~/pp~~~p;'i'~tio~/~ndfo~ei~n'poliD~; ~oti~,

dGpencJ,qht nat;ions,;H' (2) the:pe ;i.El, no ~e c~ll1.:q.g

,

.'

.'

, September

.,

.....

"~:.'

. '.'

'.'

49" 1947
.' .

"

.. :. ~ -.

. ,,:

\"

" Russia
rejects
hmel"~Can,prot~sts ag?-inst npers'0D;-al insulV t
." ':;
...

-,

"

..:.....

Gazette; "

SepteIilQOr 30~ 194.7

United states assures Poland bolstering Ge~an in~us~l)-wlll
~ ..... , , ~ f '

September 3D" 194.7

Senate 1l.pprop,riations COIilii1ittee 'refused vis~sby ifOS'C'~lW .f~J;' ,
travei in Russia ..

'.

tionll .for d.iscllssion o.f the 16-n"?-tion repo'rt0, '

"

.,

."

06tob81.'; . i~ 1947.
:-.
C
Trunian
r.C
;an!i;"Foroign Relatie5ns',
..", ,:'Prcsident
..
.
.. i"U8StS .;APpropria-ti,ops\
.
.
'
.'

"COJ;r1lTI.i ttoos.
'.

.'

.~.

ofboth
Houses..
of.
:Co;~1~ess;.,tom.8et.
at. earliest
possib).e, tL'i.1e:... .',
.
,
".
.

. on "stopgap .plans'.;'. ".

...

S?nat8.::,ai::J.d,Hou~eForeign

. '.'

,':: .

.... :-: ......

'. ", .' ,:

. ::

Af:fai~~.CoIi1IJ-ittees

joint qq~ting ,~oyembe~.l.0~

Oct,obor 2,. ';i947'"

...

..

",

.,

. .
~

.y.

'to':he called"in

"

.....'

,'

...; .

. ,... )i'r04cP. .:for:eign, Mipistor Bi~ault encouraged by, WEistern HemispheriJ .

cpnf~ro.nGEi..

.\

,.', ':,'

'.,

.'

.......

"/' .

,'

:.

Octo'bo.r 3" 191;-7'

Charlos' 'Lucknanof'

Cit;Lz~ns'l~bd C01Tlln{ttee

in savtng .,g:r,ain by. distilled .spirits in@titilte~

"

propised AoOp'c:l?att0T:\' .' ':

--', :

Octobor 3, ,~947 .
Reprosentative' John Tttber in Berlin ' says he liJaw no und~rfGd,
pcqple on t:l;.~P.i contrp.di,cted by' Ropl'GsQntativc: Di:::,k?en :Viho calls :,for
X'econstl"U9tioni and says: tlJ.; havG boen in G6:rme.ny four nooks ". anG! I

'think thore ,is definite undernourishment allover tho cOU;l?-t,J;,;y~I,I. '.:' '.';:" ,'.:, .: ",:'
October

:4, ..1947 :~ ." .

p.'.

mternatic:nal News. Seryice' al:1..Tlounces, Congr~essmcn 'lIccnfuscd t r. by

sick Europe and are voicing conflicting views.

,
....." .....
,.,"

LuckElan ..s1mX' food drive over radio.

'octdJo.r

5.... i94"r .. '

'.j, .

'.

..

"

p ..

'.:,

.':

~'.'

"

...... ':

./

Returning mo.'1bers of Congress ,criticize forE?ign a,id\.

';"

. :;........,.

: (

.'

.....

.'
.

J< ';'.

. .I ..

",'

: ...r ,

'.'"

:-'::"')1-''-;..,;:: . . :.. ,\.

..

.~::'

~: ~

.-

'.-'.,

,- ,.

;.. -'

,.
\.

'"
~

.. '

'

.r

~.,

,f' .

'"

'

'~

--

.,
. 'j"

' ......

:.~. "":'~

: .'::

~:.:.'::."

.. : '

'::

..

....... " . . . . .

.';-,-.> {.:."S8ii~t:~::APpr~~r1p:ti6h~c: doJrritt~?~:.i~;.~~~~cid ..~6~~il~?;lrig;t:;JoV~b~~ ." ::'.:~:

18... ,.<~. . > . ; . . ::..:":- <;:i.i' ;;: ;.,> :-':;(;;3.;,:' ";::~'-"~;}:-,;':>"::':';' ':(~::":" :. :, .. ,.',', \ . :::.- .:., . . "'~> <':~;, --r.~~~:;'.'~./':: . . '~';" .\
J1

'

.... 0'o+,obo'r 6, ",'947' . ,.,"": , . '

.d.

.....

.........I..,.

11oscow"

the

..

;,
"

ComlnfOrn1;,. neVI

.-.

.':',

' '.); :. : .

~ .~

:.

'.

,~

I': .

of COlinntorp,'

v~:rs:Lon

.. -.

1'<'

'"

:.';- ,

,_

"'-:

_-_

, - ' ' ' ' ' - : ; , ..

'. '

~'

:,,:,

r8prGsGhtiilg~:.,..

:~...

.. "

-'"

/'

',..,

..

"

',.'

-,

:..

'

,:.

/':: ,.. "..,

C~~.mUhist
:pa:rty o:t:::9' natio~S':"(Ri1SSi~",,~ug~si~:~li?/ ;ra11c'~~:' .:~~~ly;;' "~'>'
.
.
.
:'.-.
.'

',:-:>.

;.,- . ' ... :.. ::

.~~.:

:",

;~ol~n(l,;. 'Bul'garia/' :CzGchoslovaki-a.~.'Hu.ng~r.J.<.Rum:ariia)" ei.gam~pq.':'fo~ cilx:":o{it;:

"

fi~h~: ~g~il~?P :~r~ah. Pl~l;~'l~r;hall ~~riJ',.;n~"-:Il1Jriited.s.~t~.~ . iDpd':rl.aiism~'I.t

'D8glaratic:p.,:tQ this effep:t'lss~ed 'in -fravdC]. ... ':Organize4 'a~ 1Ja-rsaw-tJectirtg;

'.

.n

headq~arters~

Belgrade
selected'. as
.
"

. ..

' .

"

's ovi at' go:ve;ll.I:lent dgr~b s; t-o::.iiov~fubb~:; ks'~ &is' att'e ' fO;Lo:td6n''- mcGb- '.
.,.

;,

.'

. s.

. :

'.

' .'

' 1

r'

ing ,of 'Foreign Ministers 'Council'-tc; writ~' a;-. 'G6r:Emn peacE] 'troq,.-t::/..) .,:.
"v

..

"

, . O~tobor h. i947.

aid tcchni(';iapsii '.

" j

.,

. : -.' -.:-.

r.',::.

."

Df the CorJ.:i;ntorn. ii, '.'

't-~

f:.

.'

'r

.'

.~:

.:

Octo'bcr 7 J, l947

Krug r?port .states.. 1J!l8riG?- has n~ture;t~ r\3si:rarce~;;-ifu;ly-.sfr:La=!-:" ;:::,,'. :-.-"~ '::
'cap acity J and.a,gricul tural means to extEind'11arshail Plan aid, ~to E,);rbpe,
,.; ,

wi tho1}t ~agJ:ng our

(Jim'

tran~p{)rt cEq:ac.iti8S~.

'.

... ~'~ "

~l'

ec6nomy; bikes an' .ove:rall~J,.ook:at :power, .:ind.

and'

.~

r~cognizes scarc;Lties in;\~pp.q.t",

stcG)--i .c,o.al,,'-- ';,,'.::'

....r

,,'- ..
~.

. ~--

. I

:;;..
>-~.:: ',:(,>.('f~~iLo:"'~\meri:daD.!
.
.
,

::

;-

........

", .=-.. .',.. ,--.

(' .

.,..::,- -, -

-c1iS'cusslon' in: London ,;ela:ti~e: 'tb '.~e9-~cing 'Brltain IS

.

.;......

\ .
:

\, '.,

:.

"

,. I

.. ' ._,~,:......... ,.;:. ;':.~~.;:~,

-'-""

t :
.,

/\9.t~.ng S:ocrota::r;y of .qtato' Robe:rt: i.\~ .. Lovet.t' states; :.th~'

1

'

C0).11inform:. .-

,.

6'f' .Uni~ed' sta.:ces C',

.

. po}'1cy, (1,''-" ',tho: ,Parties and gQ.v'prnmopots e.s~ociatcd. :;,ithth:is 'pr.ogr8.l;l' hiwo ' ,
madp clear thdir ;intont5,on -to .prevent", 'if they c.an~ "the' dcononuc rc'covcry.

of .Europe,,"

';

\.

-.\

....

",inctli:str-y 'and' TradolIirii~st:8r Hi;llary' Hirie of p~l?-nd -.at exposition' .

at SZCZ8Cin: ~ys
th~t Poland is increasing its T[~st8r~tr.ade witllout
!'

,.

,f.'

'.

Octo'ber 9; ,'l947 :'

J'

...

Roprosentative Dirksen'urges,qud.ck aid to Europo as, &means of .

. ..,
~

.October 9~ 1947

'}

"

;"

, .'

;
"

Foroign Hi-ni'stoF Biddult 'calJ~s P,o;Lish ci(~mfor<;;nc8

lIa . s'tupid.thirig
\

for the Cornintern to don for i t will 'not effect Franco, tho IIarsha'1l.,'
1I01~. aDythini$ Blse. H

Plan,

,1

"

'

.:--.

..\

'

,.

, OctobcIl"'9~ 1st41..
Forolgn'Minister Bidault arilloUhces Franco must dis~ontinu6
United Stat6s'food ~d fuel purchu~es for'lack of qollars~

-~-,

./

,,,

.,.

. ~. ,......... '---,: _ ..... "":.."1'-~ . ~-- ....~: :~..:~... ,

.. 'l..

. .:

.......,.:,

.. ;.

~-

. ,.'\ . ~.~
~ _~::" ~_ .~.,f .. ...,\. :.:.~.:.~t :.:~

..

Undersecreta.ry, o.i:. stat!;} . Ql~:)Tton qeclaros...;rioi:hing' can' preye.n:t 'Ea~t~ ,

"

..'. f

"

-.

'.

. ; :',

.~...'

I.

"

:V{Eist: trade onc~. pro.d~ction ~ts. ~Ul1. stride~ '.

..

Oc.:rc;be~-lO;1947 .. '"

':::', .... J.. ':.-' .' ;;..~.)::~,::> ...:::,:

.',.'.'

.;":. ,'.

Governpr Thomas E... Dewey of NeY;:York states

th.at,wmust.
lItto aU-.r
....
_
:
. ,"

... : ....

-,.t.:

'~'.'

.....

hop8s:j>sh{3.re to .feed hungry people

ovor:~oasTt

but that ltWe hE+ve, ;; ,;a>.. a

' . ;. : : _

-"~J~ ~.

prior .'and. binding' obligation to ,.,-?G9 ~pai:. h? .A~O):ican..i~..'ppor~~~ focl~.a ..

OctoberIO, J:947
.

bartar one. and' a half. millio~i .toJ:lS .of. qroad ce.+'eals Trith' France ~ '"
.Qctobor. io~. 1947

,.......

....

;~

..

-y

.:"

. liGrt~r Corrrrnitte!3 r.eturrilliylith 17. ,-x,:ruh,ks ~q?-ed with .~at~,.':and

s~D.,-t;.es:

chaiman

-.

.~:

\"

'j

'

;.

"

\.

'..:

\,

trvle are-co!?--;;.r:i.nqed that no program. ;0:(. Amer,ican ai'd, can

: ,

. . . . . f

. ~ .. .

achieve the obJectivG,: desired unless E;lD,ch. country .sEltsits' ownhous.e .in :.
..
,'..
' ..
. '
.'"
. ,: ..
.: :':.: :'.:, .
{

'

"

..

ordcr .....and
cooperates
for .the fullest',11se
of
.
,
.
.with its neighbors~H
.....,
~

.l.'~

'

eX:LSl.Jlng or potential. r:esources

.. tl : .
. . \'

..

Herter CC'IflLiittee rEiported 'cool to special sessiqn'

. : . of ...Cr-n:;:;ros$.
..
. .. ' .'
.~

October

n,

'.

"

19L~7'
,~t- .~

." .'.

'

. '-United Stat!3~ .repr9 se ptativo . OJ!, -Aus~?=,iC).n i:;:r~.?-tY'. ,.?f'r:::o~SSio'~1 cinnounces'

treaty
disclJ:ssions.
cJ,.osQ .wit1).outresultsi>
..
.'
October 12, 1947 .

....

:.'

~o

"Nayl York Tines reports Conintern

.
r

a;r:-~

wreck Marshi?-ll Pla!-1:1

'. .'
'._:'.",

Congress ~s expected to approve large-$ci?-le:a~d.as reply tc R~ssia.

october 17 ~

. '

i947. '.

St~.lin. told

'1

.
.
9bmi:n,f,0.~m .:wil;L 'l?-0t alt;or policy.

Britain announces

"...

. . . .

'"

'-'

~'.

L.

.'

or

R~ssi~,. 1(o1111i Zil;lakis

'-:Of

him.....

-'

... :,

'-~

! .-

. October 21~ '1947

.

..

'.' October 21, '1947 .

.....

P~rogrmn..1ea:vesforEuropei1<

.,

.': .

.::

"

.........

, ~lnl~rican ai?-. inission .in' G::reece 'unc'ov~n~s

of

7;5, 'IililiioJi dollars hoard "

goods;~

"'.'

Octobo-r, 22" 1947

:MarE!hall Plclll,'lnow only in

draft~ng sta-ge~, when

onc"dp6artIDeiit, or. agency"tt:. '.' "

it is completed it:will
.

";'

. ."

.-.'

.." ,..

Octqber 22, 1947

Speaking for Cominforlil'~ Zdhartov.ca11s up0J:1 comI~m1i~ts. /~v~_l'YIYJ::l:yte ..

to wreck lJ:8,rshall F:lanas an:i,nstrument

designee(.
by-the United statost.o
.
,
achieve.'ff'vvoi<l,d :domination by.--i4'1lorican' impGrialism~ \l
OCtobor 22..

t 947

Sonator' Styles Bridges 'opposes f:rrther, disp:lantling 9f Ge;rmEtp.

industr]\o.l plants on basis that it is 'incons is tent on tho -one hand to'
tear dC'ffll and ol}. the other to build up GeX'rJany econGmy .
Octobor 23!J

<

.....

J:.947

President Truman- calls' s~ecial sossion of Oongross fo~Novomb8r

17 on foroign aid and living costs.'
;

. Pr-eslden't .states : -\lThere are two .ccnpo11irig':ro?-sons :" ......the .

continued rise in prices'",,, and"~.. it is-.,.also necessary to meet the
crisis in

~ilU"ostern

Europo-o If

'::'~'

. . . - ,..... .

-~ ..;"~_.~.--""".~"'r--:"':'--r

::.;

.. --_-~-,.~ -'~"-~""T::-""""""''--'-''-;O:;-:--=''''~''''''''''''''''''~'~'''',,="~~~_"71_-~.~t7';''-.-.

;.:,

2> ':: ',.,

October 23; 1947
Kurt Schu..111acher 1 head' of German Social DGmocratic.. p.~;ty}_,: dOc.}a:r:e:s.. ..-

~.

: .;'

-.

October 23$ 1947

\

<l

'i

.... - . , ':'

to llholp othe):' nations to help themselvQs" bu.t donI}:. be th8 ,fall 'guy'.!t
October 23, 1947
'.

"

'.

Br'itai'n ,fea,r.:(ng econo.rrii'c collaP.se'Tfi'll. mqan end 'of British

democracy cuts tobacco imports ffomUriito~ Statos~
October 23", 1947
.

..

President. !I'ruman' confer!:> '1vit11 Cabinpt. on' 2id tcY ~uropq, ...
Octobor.

24

25,

and
~.

1947
.

f..

.;. .

.'

..

Harriman Commi;ttce Deet~ to draft. ~.;f:i,~C'l.l ropo~t.forPr'o'sJ~~nt~

and to' give appraisal of 16-naiio~ c~~mltto~

bf

~bp8an 8co~omi9 co~

'operatiOh'rOQUGst o
,/:' :

October' 25" 1947'

House

Arm6d S~rvic~s
.

s~bco~inittee under chairma~ ROP~.D~{OY Short

".

ad~C"catos lri~asc\nabie~r aid to 'E-qrope 'b~t doubts ,th;8 ~d'.tisQbility of .a

peroanont progr2D .costing billions.
Octobor

25,

.1947
,

,! .,(\,.,

"

Italian goverlli~ent'f6rces'P~lCGS d0wn by loan'c~rbs~

Octcbor 25 .. 1947
Sen. Popper for aid to Europe.
Octobor 25,"1947

:. r

1',

BUdg'ot BUTca'u 'anri6unc-8~ it; has bluGprint :f'or' a' contra'l pm'':7

chasing unit for the Europ.ean aid program while tho ;J.d.rninist'rp.ti~;n i R_
reportod to bo cbnsidkring an agoncy'siffiilar'~o 'tho War Production
Board to aillninistor the aid.

'

1947

October26,

".

Ri,~id f8d~~~a~ contrGl~",ovor

;-_t

grain boi~i? rr,ot, it ,is announced,;

: /.

October 26~

.~.

,.'

i947
"

, Father .Bela Varga, former presiqent of

. .....

'.

. .~

:'- ::

..'

'.,

.. . .

-'

. .

"

thG.Hungarial~:N~tib~al
;
. . .....
: ..
~

".

.'.

"

Asscnb'J-Y, statcs CorJintern never coasoct 'to' axis,t o

',"

..

October

....

.l . . .

26, 1947
"

Har~iman

Conmittoo'said to bo in accord on aid p,roposal,

.'

;,~':'

:.

,qa-

:- .'

lievos some European requests should go up o.nd others down.

:L..

1947

October. 26:l"

Republicans see 'llpolitics

'."

lf

..... '

... '.

~.-.:.~.

'

in ,Congross, call.,

1947

October 27,

President's Congress call spur~ works on aid plan;'~.rcpo~n

"goverUJil8nts annciunced as 'greatly rea$sured o
.. ~ t'

October

26, 1947
Rep. . Andresen says on return of his comraittee: (l1To am1 no
-:

.:'"

starvation, It but Haroid :McKinley of lowa, on

:

,',

,-

~....

""

....

this ViCYI, whereupon Rep. AJ;ldresen saysz

1.

Things' ar8 pretty tough

October 27~

_.

SEUIl8

. ..

".

progiC\T1, chailonges
. ..

"

~..

HI forgot to'meJ:).tion Gormapy..

',...

:.;

..:

~.

'..

~!

'.t1?-er8,.t~'

1947
,

~ssi8tance

needod by South l\morican

repu~li~s

..

:. "

bocause of food

d-eficit under study.

-,

October 27~

1947 .
"",t

~.

".

100 represontatives of industry~ labor.~ agriculture, and gonoral

~.

IJublic confer
with Governnont
officials at ,Yillite
House
on Uo,rshall
Plan
.. ".r

.'
:".'
"
October

27, 1947

~.

,EnlGrgenc!.food
year.

Co~cil

tpld wqrlqfs fqod

outpu~,tQ

fall
., . i.

o~

..

. .:'.; :'~:.'

this

~.

.;. 37
'.

'

...

.. /-

..

'.

~,

'-:,'

"i'

".

October 28, -1947,

Pro~iderit'. Truman I ~:Cou.ncil ~f :Ecopomic Advisors' (Nourse:, Ci;)m"':

- Bitt-ee) report's Unitod,st~tes able to handle Uarshtill PlaJ:'i;"'"

-i

'1& 'Urnted siat~s .~.- fip';nciaily , a~l~' to car;; orit:' tI~~'

Harshall Plan and cut the :Nati-6haI Debt 1,'fibhout increasi_ng ".. ': '. :
taxe-s:> .Ho1c18ve'r taxe'Sc...Cannot. be' '.r~du.g8'd; ~ .
".
,
2. Failure to help means industrial paq.lysis dUo":!{o
trade ,barriors and poli'j{ic1J:I chang oS a1?ro'D.-eJ.&. ",
' :',
J..
I,IarshD.ll Plan Hill .not cause inflatio~1. becCl;use . ,..,'
pres.ont'inflation is due to-demands at hono . '
'; .,

.' '.

The

~ho'Council ~8COffi[;lends' cu+b? s~ilarto these ~uposod Q~rihg.

iUlocation of. grC3.~p~ 9tqDl~ and ,othor' i toms vihich. arc ".

1.
short.
2

Controis on' sn6cula-tion and ~Qaf4ing~

.:3.. 'Ronewal of cr~clit: c'\~nt~'ols . .

. '- .

"

.'\.

'Price '~ontrols Qvoi:- ptl:oducors "bqt -not over rctail~r~.,

high ta:p;:Js and; foderai ecohony., ' .

4.

5.. ". continuf3c1,

,

,Ootober 28, 1947

Food Council hears 1'!arnipgs. of I'dnter famine in ~o)?e.<1

.. :

..

Sen~

Taft ,predicts United statos Hill giv9 aid

Charles

A.

Eaton, Chnirnan of H01-soForoigh

to

".;

. r:

BUrppe.~J

;~ffairs..,CoIitGlittee,
"..

. urgos swift interim aid"a~t:ion first ot .

October

29:1 .1947'
.;; .-.- :'"
~

President Truman's Council of Eco~om~c' ~dvisors avors the

Ua~shc.ll Plan and statos price inflation can,

po cr:ntrolled. '. ",

,October.29, 1947
Early formatlon of socla1ist Coriinforn prodicted from London.

,:.'

- 36
October 30t

1947

. . . .' I

.~.

Octobor 31" 1947 '

.f

"

parshe.ll plalli'lor.s sti:lto.d;,,to i',?<vor' th.e use of funds derived: from

",: ". .

I " ' :. .;;

,

aidl supplies to

~e l:iJnit~d
.

.". ,,'

. '

'.

to, J;.'eC0v.Gr'J program .. ' .

:' ' . ' . " .. : ~ ... . .. :. :
'

October 31, 1947 .

I

'

ChairnanEaton of House lo~eign ilffairs ConKlittee favors s(~arate

treatm~nt of interim, 'aid t'o France 8,00 :It~y ancI'th,e Marshall long":'range
. program.
,'1

October 31, 1947

...

8:r.J.en;Gncy holp and Harshall. Plan ' at sane

~

.L'

vlll).e ~

'.Novenbcr 1.1 1947 .

United States sounds IICanada on her abi1,it}r to' hGlp. Europe,.tt "
."

Novembor l~. 194T

Joint

','

CDngross~onal

_: .. ' .... ' . .

ho~ded'by Senat~r Har~' F~

COill0ittee

~Jrd, 'Chairman of' the Corunittoe en roduction of non-essont+a~ federal

,-"

',

.. :..:':.,::~" .... "

Soviet' demands upon Czech industrial 9Voi:Jput, jeopardizes' Czech trade

.,."
.
". '" .
'.
":,'
Czech, output.
with countries other than Russia, the latter proposing to ab~orb ~he .ent~V
November 2, 1947'
."
"
':l. ': ) "
secretarY 'of Oommerce'Harr~Bana~~ounces ho has rcconmended
~

"

'.:

'.

,. ....

te: President Trvnan that the initial. aid to Europe shall Co 3" b{lli;~.....

' .

dollars as an outright Gift.

'.

",

3.9 ..: '

COTIlJ;nmist party

the United st'ates amlC?:mces i t -,rill stay put

of ;1J:ComiD..form.... ll

Pravda c:l"iticizes J\,morican policy with respect to Greeh: and

Turkish ,elid and the Marshall Plan as ;Mlerican i";porialisrJ. and .H:i.tlotism
comparable to the German priJwar Dral1g linch Osten.a
-~--.-

CitizGns Food. Committee "s eoks wider saving in grain..

Independent aiel agency plans being shapo?- Py

RGpllblicans~:,.

november -5~ 1947'

8hina 'tqrocetve 27 million dollars worth moro.in rGlie~~

Tiorld lack of grain for all of 1949 forecast b;y- Director

Gonora+ of F~O~ Sirvohn Boyd Orr~

N~votlbor '5~' 1947

GriSflD+d. seoks
November

5~

15

million dollars more f01' aid in G1'eece~

1947

Lack of rain sl~'[s planting c'.f vital United 8tatos -~lheat ..

Novomber 5~ 1947
.-

Plans for a 7-man European rooonstruction corporation to

handle foreign relief meet opposition in

Congr8ss~