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Revised Quick Guidelines For Writing Ph.d. Thesis-1
Revised Quick Guidelines For Writing Ph.d. Thesis-1
Revised Quick Guidelines For Writing Ph.d. Thesis-1
BY
PROF. DR. SHEKHAR S. RAJDERKAR.
M. D. (Preventive & Social Medicine)
and
PROF. DR. ARUN V. JAMKAR.
M.S. (GENERAL SURGERY), Ph.D. (ONCO-SURGERY)
GENERAL
NOTE.
ALL THESE ARE THE MINIMUM GENERAL GUIDELINES. THERE
IS ALWAYS A SCOPE OF MODIFICATION, ALTERATION, ADDITION,
PUNCTUATION ETC. WHICH MAY BE DEEMED 00NECESSARY IN
THE CONTEXT OF THE RESEACH.
THIS BOOKLET IS PREPARED WITH THE DESIRE TO HELP THE
Ph.D. SCHOLARS, Ph.D. GUIDES AS WELL AS FOR THE P.G.
STUDENTS AND P.G. GUIDES IN ALL PATHIES, ALL FACULTIES
AND ALL DISCIPLINES IN THE FIELD OF HEALTH SCIENCES.
The research scholars and guides are requested to the understand the
fundamental difference between the terms Dissertation and Thesis.
A Dissertation is the research work carried out in a descriptive manner; and
every descriptive study is complete only after formulating an HYPOTHESIS.
The Thesis is the research work aimed either at testing the Hypothesis by the
analytic methods or at obtaining the further scientific proof of the validity /
invalidity of the hypothesis by the experimental methods.
1. THE TITLE OF THE STUDY.
The title of the study should be self explanatory in context with the
purpose and type of study. It should be formulated with Precision. It
should not be very short or much lengthy.
The terms used in the title should be authentic.
Avoid the terms like To Study.. Instead, use the term like Study
of etc.
2. INTRODUCTION.
a.
b.
c.
The need of the study (including the Type of the study) in given
area/set-up.
ii.
The study should fulfill the criteria like :
Essentiality
Feasibility
Plausibility
4. HYPOTHESIS.
If the research is of descriptive type, at the end, formulate the
hypothesis based on the observations, result and the possible causeeffect relationship of the variables included in the study.
If the analytic or experimental study is to be carried out, formulate the
hypothesis at the beginning.
Hypothesis is a supposition arrived at, from observation and / or
reflection of the study.
5. RESEARCH QUESTION / S.
In descriptive research, depending upon the Purpose of the study, the
research questions need to be developed.
In analytic and experimental studies, the Research Questions are based
on the Purpose of the study and Hypothesis.
Review of the literature in a systematic manner does help in deriving
the Research Questions.
7. REVIEW OF LITERATURE.
The review helps in providing the description, scope, definitions and
scope of various terms used in the planned study. This leads to removal of
ambiguity in the study protocol.
The review should have following components. These components vary,
depending upon the type and method of the proposed study.
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
vii.
Historical Review
Current and Contemporary Review
Review of Procedures
Review of standardization procedures & techniques
Review of text books and reference books
Review of the journals
Review of unpublished work and data, quoting the same by giving
the source, name/s of the researcher/s, the authenticity of the
quotings etc.
viii. If the reference is In Press, please mention along with the name
of author, the journal/book etc.
ix.
Review of recent advances
x.
Checking, re-checking, double-checking and cross-checking of the
cross references.
xi.
Confirm the ingenuity and authenticity of the article, quote as well
as the journal or the book.
xii. Quote the title of the non-serial publications of state Govt., Central
govt. and any other state level, regional, national or international
recognised agency and try to find the year of publication.
xiii. Use of single Uniform method of quoting the references
preferably the Vancouver Style or Harward Style.
8. METHODOLOGY (MATERIALS & METHODS)
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
vii.
viii.
ix.
x.
xi.
xii.
xiii.
xiv.
xv.
xvi.
xvii.
xviii.
xix.
xx.
xxi.
xxii.
xxiii.
xxiv.
xxv.
3.
4.
5.
6.
12.DISCUSSION
The testing of the Significance (Positive, Negative or Nil) is of following
essential types.
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
Statistical Association
Clinical Association
Biological Association
Combination of above.
Only for testing the statistical Association, we use the Null Hypothesis.
In all other circumstances, Hypothesis only means the Hypothesis as
described earlier in point no. 4 as well as at the point no. 12 below.
13.HYPOTHESIS FORMULATION / COMMENTS OVER
HYPOTHESIS TESTING. (DEPENDING UPON THE TYPE OF
THE STUDY)
In Descriptive Studies,
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
i.
ii.
1.
2.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
Jidnyasa or Jignyasa
Prayojana
Samshaya
Tarka
Samshaya Vyudaas
Shakya-Praapti.
Vidya- Knowledge
Vitarka- Reasoning
Vignana- Scientific Method
Smruti- Memory
Tatparta- Repeated observation / Curiosity
Kriya- Practical application
Pramanas (Investigations)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Determining a theory
Defining Variables
Developing the Hypothesis
Standardization
Selecting subjects
Testing subjects
Analyzing Results
Determining significance
Communicating results
Replication
TANTRA UKTI.
This pertains to the Theorization aspect of Ayurveda.
The classical Ayurvedic texts discuss various illnesses as the Rogsamuchhyas i.e. the group of diseases, which in certain instances
may be eqated with the Syndromes.
2.
The patho-physiology and the signs & symptoms with other accessory
information are elaborated in the classical texts.
3.
4.
5.
In this context, comparing the selected disease entity with the one given
in allopathic (or contemporary) medical literature will help in establishing
the identity of the disease in question. This in turn goes to prove the
authenticity of the disease description in the classical ayurvedic texts.
6.
7.
Alternatively the above process may be reversed. This will help in finding
out, whether the facts Mentioned in the Contemporary Medicine confirm
to the contents of the Ayurvedic Texts.
8.
9.
HYPOTHESIS
THE AYURVEDIC PERSPECTIVE
Vs
MODERN MEDICINE PERSPECTIVE.
There is no doubt that, the hypothesis developed paralally as per Ayurvedic
Research Guidelines and as per the Modern Medical Research Guidelines
should be comparable.
Assuming this, the hypothesis may be tested both ways as per Ayurvedic
contentions and as per Modern Medical contentions.
Such a exercise needs to be done to exibit the true spirit of research with the
desirable scientific approach.
This will be mutually beneficial. Therefore, it is suggested to undertake the
Hypothesis Formulation as well as Hypothesis Testing in bilateral ways. This
will add a newer dimention to the ideology of the Ph.D. work in Ayurveda.
It is also desirable to test, whether the Hypothesis proposed in either manner
sustains itself on the basis of Cause Effect Relationship.
The cause effect relationship as described in Ayurveda as well as Allopathy
focuses on following types of relationships.
i.
Spurious Corelationship (Non-sense Corelation)
ii.
Indirect Corelation
iii. Direct Corelation
a. One to one corelation
b. One to more than one corelation
c. Multiple one corelation
d. Multiple to multiple corelation
Another important point is about probable mode of the action of the trial
drug/ procedure.
OTHER ASPECTS
Prakriti Nirikshan
Saar Parikshan.