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Theconceptofhistoricmonument
embracesnotonlysinglearchitect
workbutalsotheurbanorrural
settinginwhichisfoundtheevidence
ofaparticularcivilization,a
significantdevelopmentorahistoric
event.Thisappliesnotonlytothe
greatworksofartbutalsotomore
modestworksofthepastwhichhave
acquiredculturalsignificance with
thepassingoftime.

,
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ICOMOS,TheVeniceCharter,1964

ICOMOS, ,1964

 (~ 300 . ...)

- (~X . ...)

 - (XIII .)

Place meanssite,area,land,
landscape, buildingorotherwork,
groupofbuildingsorotherworks,and
mayincludecomponents,contents,
spacesandviews.
Culturalsignificance meansaesthetic,
historic,scientific,socialorspiritual
valueforpast,presentorfuture
generations.
Culturalsignificanceisembodiedin
theplace itself,itsfabric,setting,use,
associations,meanings, records,
relatedplaces andrelatedobjects.
ICOMOS,TheBurraCharter,1999

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ICOMOS, , 1999

Conservation meansalltheprocesses
oflookingafteraplace soastoretain
itsculturalsignificance.

Maintenance meansthecontinuous
protectivecareofthefabric and
setting ofaplace,andistobe
distinguishedfromrepair.Repair
involvesrestorationorreconstruction.
...

.

.
...

ICOMOS,TheBurraCharter,1999

ICOMOS, , 1999

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"Buildingsaremortal."
(Donald Insall)

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-e- (1814-1879)
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(1834-1896)
. 1877 .
(Society for
the Protection of Ancient Buildings),
,
(UNESCO, ICOM,
ICCROM, ICOMOS, DOCOMOMO).
those who repair can just be as dangerous as those who destroy

UNESCO (1945)
ICOM (1946)
ICCROM (1959)
ICOMOS(1965)

DOCOMOMO (1988)
(1949)

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