By

K.Nishanth
12116022

Need
US DoD found the need for an advanced
navigational system for:
Navigation
Rescue

Missions
Tracking mobile ground units
Synchronizing Timing
Guidance of drones
Essential element of Global Information
Infrastructure

History
The

design of GPS is based partly on similar

ground-based radio-navigation systems,
such asLORANandDECCA, developed in
the early 1940s and used by the British
Royal Navy duringWW2.
In 1973 Pentagon discussed the creation of
DNSS.
Later renamed NAVSTAR.

Timeline
1972

preliminary test by USAF

1975 US DoD
approved the development
project of GPS
First GPS satellite launched 1978
1983 Korean civil aircraft shot down by
Soviet intercept aircraft. Ronald Reagan(US
P) announced GPS will be made available
for civilian use.
Full operational capability in 1995
SA was disabled in May 2000(active since
1990)

GPS Systems
NAVSTAR

US DoD
GLONASS Russia
COMPASS China
GALILEO - EU

GPS (Navstar)

Operational

since 1995.
Network of about 30 satellites orbiting the
Earth at an altitude of 20,000 km.
Developed in 1973 by US DoD for Military
navigation purposes.
Run by 24 satellites with 6 more in stand by.

Working
Mathematical

concept called Trilateration

(c(299792458m/s) x time = distance)
Measure distances for 4 or more satellites
for accurate positioning.
Satellite signal carries information on its
Location and Time.
Atomic clock accuracy available cheaply.

Keeping Time
Combined

effects of GTR & STR sats gain

45-7=38 us/day
Highly accurate compensated atomic clocks
are used
All the clocks on the 24 operational
satellites are synchronized
Ground stations continuously collect data
and relay corrections.

Communication
Signal
v
v
v

contains:

Pseudo random code

Almanac Data
Ephimeris Data

Starts:
v

Factory start: All data invalid

Cold start: Almanac valid Ephimeris invalid

Warm start: Both are valid

Communication
Spectrum

consists of
L1(1575.42MHz),L2,M,L1C,L2C,B1C,B2C
Civil applications use L1 and L2 radio
signals in the UHF range.
Military applications use M signal(5.11Mhz).
Signals consist of:
v
v
v

Pseudo Random Code

Almanac data
Ehemeris data

Applications
Military

Navigation
Stock Market Transactions
Guidance of drones
Essential element of Global Information
Infrastructure
Phones, Tablets(for navigation)
Industrial processes are guided by GPS
Rescuing capsized boats

Future
Real

time Navigation needs of Low Earth

Orbit missions can be met by GPS reducing
stress on NASA s tracking stations
Self-driving cars
Differential GPS is making civil applications
very accurate.

Future in sports
Use

in Golf balls
Skiers to navigate for the faster route
Parasailing
Embedded in camping gear
As a security measure in a loved ones bag
On animals to understand their behaviour
(Whales and mating patterns)

Fun Facts about sats

q There

are some 2,500 satellites orbiting

earth
q There

are over 8,000 foreign objects

orbiting the earth.

q Each

satellite is built to last about 10

years.

qA

GPS satellite weighs approximately

2,000 pounds and is about 17 feet across
with the solar panels extended.

q Transmitter

less.

power is a mere 50 watts or

Fun Facts about sats

q There

are some 2,500 satellites orbiting

earth
q There

are over 8,000 foreign objects

orbiting the earth.

q Each

satellite is built to last about 10

years.

qA

GPS satellite weighs approximately

2,000 pounds and is about 17 feet across
with the solar panels extended.

q Transmitter

less.

power is a mere 50 watts or

THANK
YOU
?
No Questions