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8 Atoms and Nuclei
8 Atoms and Nuclei
com
1) Xt1 Yt2
2.
2) X-Y
3)
co
m
4) ( X Y )
Let Fpp,Fpn and Fnn denote the magnitudes of the nuclear force by a proton on
1) Fpp>Fpn=Fnn 2) Fpp=Fpn=Fnn
3) Carbon-carbon cycle
2) Carbon-nitrogen cycle
4) Nitrogen-nitrogen cycle
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5.
4) Fpp<Fpn=Fnn
4.
3) Fpp>Fpn>Fnn
ed
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3.
at
io
n.
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6.
Consider the following two statements A and B and identify the correct answer
given below
A: Nuclear density is same for all nuclei
B: Radius of the nucleus (R) and its mass number (A) are related as
2) Both A and B are false
4) A is false B is true
at
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4) 7.5 10 6 KWH
n.
co
m
7.
A R1/ 6
(A) p-p, p-n, n-n forces between nucleons are not equal and charge dependent
ed
uc
(B) In nuclear reactor the fission reaction will be in accelerating state if the
value of neutron reproduction factor k >1
sh
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9.
True masses of neutron, proton and deuteron in a.m.u are 1.00893, 1.00813 and
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2) 23.5 x 10-4
3) 73.6 x10 4
4) 47.15 x 104
w
.s
10. A heavy nucleus at rest breaks into two fragments which fly off with velocities
8:1. The ratio of radii of fragments is
2) 1:4
3) 4:1
4) 2:1
1) 1:2
11. Atomic mass of 136 C is 13.00335 amu and its mass number is 13.0. If 1amu=931
MeV, binding energy of the neutrons present in the nucleus is:
1) 0.24 MeV
2) 1.44 MeV
3) 1.68 MeV
4) 3.12 MeV
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2) Lepton
3) Boson
4) Baryon
14. Assertion (A): Nuclear forces arise from strong Columbic interactions between
protons and neutrons.
Reason (R): Nuclear forces are independent of the charge of the nucleons.
co
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2) Pion
3) Proton
4) K-meson
ed
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List-I
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15
n.
E) Hyperons
B) Baryons
F) Positrons
C) Pions
D) Leptons
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A) Gravitons
H) Decay to mesons
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17. A nucleus splits into two nuclear parts having radii in the ratio 1:2. Their
velocities are in the ratio
1) 8:1
2) 6:1
3) 4:1
4) 2:1
3) A is correct, B is wrong
4) A is wrong, B is correct
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19. In Carbon-Nitrogen fusion cycle, protons are fused to form a helium nucleus,
positrons and release some energy. The number of protons fused and the
number of positrons released in this process respectively are
1) 4, 4
2) 4, 2
3) 2, 4
4) 4, 6
1) 1: 5
2) 2: 5
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4) 3: 5
21. In a nuclear reactor using U235 as a fuel, the power output is 4.8MW. The
n.
22.
3) 1.5x1025
4) 3x1025
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1) 1.5x1017 2) 3x1019
If M (A; Z), Mp and Mn denote the masses of the nucleus ZA X , proton and
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Two nuclei have mass numbers in the ratio of 1:3. The ratio of their nuclear
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23.
densities would be
3) 1:3
4) 3:1
The ground state energy of hydrogen atom is -13.6 eV. When its electron is in
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24.
2) 1:1
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1) (3)1/3:1
1) 10.2 eV
3) 3.4 eV
4) 6.8 eV
25.
2) 0
respectively. If initially they have the same number of nuclei, then the ratio of
the number of nuclei of X1 to that X2 will be 1/e after a time
1) 1/ 4
2) e /
3)
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4)
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26.
A
Z
2) , ,
3) , ,
4) , ,
co
m
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2) Z
ak
1) ZA
125
3) 40:177
is approximately
4) 14:73
3) AZ
4) A
The radius of a nucleus changes with the mass number A of the nucleus as
2) r A1/3
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1) r A2/3
33.
52Te
4) Ultra-Violet Rays
32.
3) Radio Waves
ed
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2) Beta Rays
1) 6:10
31.
30.
2) Inversely proportional to z1
at
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n.
3) r A0
4) r A
3) d A
4) d A0
1) d A3
34.
1) 8 eV
35.
2) 8 keV
3) 8 MeV
4) 8 BeV
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37.
2) Isobars
3) Isomers
4) Isotopes
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4) Their energies are of the same order as that of molecular energies at ambient
Z2Y
2) , ,
4)
A-4
the decays in
,,
3) Harmonic Progression
4) None of These
w
.s
2) Fusion
3) Electrolysis
4) Ionization
4) All of these
1) Be a gas
43.
3) , ,
Z1K
2) Geometric Progression
1) Fission
42.
Z2YA-4
1) Arithmetic Progression
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41.
A-4
4) N Z
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40.
3) N>Z
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39.
2) N+Z
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38.
n.
temperatures
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44.
In the nuclear decay, 7N13 6C13+( )+( ) the particles represented by the two
parentheses are
2) Positron and neutrino
co
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45.
at
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46.
n.
4) Two light nuclei combine to give a heavier nucleus and possibly other products
ed
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If the nuclear force between two protons, two neutrons and between proton
Nuclear force is a
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48.
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49.
1) -decay
51.
4) Phosphorus
2) decay
3) Fusion
4) Fission
Of the following atoms 6C14, 7N13, 88Ra236, 7N14, 8O16 and Rn a pair of isobars is
1) 6C14, 7N13
52.
3) Iodine
50.
2) Cobalt
2) 7N13, 7N14
3) 6C14, 7N14
4) 6C14, 8O16
2) 7N13 , 7N14
3) 6C14 ,7N14
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4) 7N14 ,8O16
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53.
co
m
54.
n.
4
He
2
2
H
1
3
H
1
to form a heavier
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55.
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3) Neutron is uncharged
represented by the equation 21H+ 31H 42 He + 01n . In this reaction, the mass of
1
0n
is
2
H
1
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mass of
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56.
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2
H
1
+mass of
3
H
1
2
H
1
+mass of
3
H
1
2
H
1
+mass of
3
H
1
+mass of
4
He
2
3
H
1
57.
2) 4, 2
3) 2, 4
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4) 4, 6
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59.
b) Spin Dependent
c) Short Ranged
d) Neutral
co
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58.
varies from 34 to 58
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n.
b) The products in the process are not same always; their atomic number
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61.
Identify the correct order of increasing order of B.E per nucleon of the
following nuclei
b) Carbon
c) Oxygen
e) Iron
1) a-b-c-d
2) d-c-b-a
3) c-b-d-a
4) c-b-a-b
a) Helium
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List II
a) Artificial Radioactivity
e) Bethe
b) Carbon-Nitrogen cycle
f) Fermi
c) Carbon dating
g) Rutherford
d) Transmutation of atomic
h) Libby
co
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62.
nuclei by particles
63.
at
io
n.
1) a-e, b-f, c-g, d-h 2) a-f, b-e, c-h, d-g 3) a-h, b-g, c-f, d-e 4) a-g, b-h, c-e, d-f
List II
b) Pu-239
e) Moderation
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a) Liquid Sodium
f) Control rod
c) Graphite
g) Fuel
h) Coolant
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d) Cadmium steel
1) a-f, b-g, c-e, d-h 2) a-h, b-g, c-e, d-f 3) a-e, b-g, c-f, d-h 4) a-h, b-g, c-f, d-e
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2) If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct
explanation of Assertion.
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64.
[A]: At least one thermal neutron should be available to initiate the fission
reaction.
[R]: The state of the chain reaction depends on the neutrons multiplication
factor.
65.
[A]: Neutron flux in the interior of a nuclear reactor can be increased using
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neutron reflector.
[R]: Fast neutrons can be changed into slow neutrons or thermal neutrons.
66
[A]: In the fission of uranium nuclei on an average 2.5 neutrons are emitted
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67
n.
per fission.
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[R]: In the fission of uranium, the number of prompt neutrons will change
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69
70
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71
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[R]: Radius of the nucleus (R) and its mass number (A) are related as
72
[R]: Fusion reaction takes place at a very high temperature (106 K).
73
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A R 1/ 6 .
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Key
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)
17)
18)
19)
20)
21)
22)
23)
24)
25)
26)
27)
28)
29)
30)
31)
32)
33)
34)
35)
36)
37)
38)
39)
40)
41)
42)
43)
44)
45)
46)
47)
48)
49)
50)
51)
52)
53)
54)
55)
56)
57)
58)
59)
60)
61)
62)
63)
64)
65)
66)
67)
69)
70)
71)
72)
73)
Ans: 4
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Sol:
n.
0.693
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t1 = X (1)
t2 = Y . (2)
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(t1 t2) = X Y t1 t2 =
X Y
But =
68)
at
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ed
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Solutions
1.
co
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1)
t1 - t2 = (X Y)
2.
Ans: 2
Sol. Nuclear forces are charge independent
3.
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Ans: 1
Sol. Because of nuclear fusion proton proton cycle takes place
4.
Ans: 1
Sol.
n1
1 e0 +1 H 1 +
co
m
5.
Ans: 2
Sol. same masses but opposite electromagnetic properties like charge, magnetic
n.
moment etc
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6.
Ans: 3
Sol: Density remains constant
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( A ) : = constant
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R3/2 A
Ans: 4
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7.
w
.s
= 2.7 1013 J =
2.7 103
3600 103
= 7.5 10 6 KWH
8.
Ans: 3
A: The p-n, p-p and n-n nuclear forces are equal and charge independent.
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B: K =
co
m
P=
M A 2.01473 2
=
= 73.6 104
A
2
10.
ed
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Ans:1
n.
M A
, where M is the atomic mass and A is the mass number.
A
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v1 8 m2
= =
v2 1 m1
m2 1 A1
=
m1 8 A2
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1/3
1
2
11.
1/3
1
=
8
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R1 A1
=
R2 A2
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m1v1 = m2 v2
Ans: 3
( 0.00335 )( 931)
=
7
13
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12.
Ans: 1
Sol. Nucleons and hyperons are called Baryons
13.
Ans: 2
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n.
15
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16
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Ans: 3
Ans: 2
17.
sh
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Ans: 1
Sol: R = R0 A1/3
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A1 M1 R13 13 1
=
=
= = [Since mass = volume x density]
A2 M 2 R23 23 8
M1V1 = M 2V2
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V1 M 2
=
=8
V2 M 1
18.
Ans: 3
Sol: A: =
=
mass of nucleus A M p
=
volume
4 R 3 / 3
3M p
4
( r0 A
1/3 3
3M p
4 r03
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co
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Sol: 41 H 1 2 He4 + 21 e0 + 2
4 protons fuses and 2 positrons are released
20.
n.
Ans: 4
1/3
27
=
125
nE
t
3
5
21.
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Ans: 1
ed
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1/3
R1 A1
=
R2 A2
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Sol: R = r0 A1/3
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22.
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(3):
ZMp+(A-Z)Mn - M(A,Z)
= mass effect =
B. E .
c2
M ( A, Z ) = ZM p + ( A Z ) M n
B.E.
c2
23.
(2): A1: A2 = 1:3
Their radii will be in the ratio
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1/ 3
: R0 A2
Density =
= 1: 31/ 3
4
R3
3
A1 : A2 =
1
4 3 3
R0 .1
3
3
4 3 1/ 3 3
R0 .( 3 )
3
co
m
1/ 3
R0 A1
When n = 1 En = 13.6 eV
When n = 2 En = 3.4 eV
2
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at
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13.6
eV
2
Energy of electron in n orbit = n
th
n.
24. (1)
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(1) X 1 = N 0e t ; X 2 = N 0e t
1
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25.
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X1
= e1 = e( 1 +2 )t ; e1 = e ( 1 2 )t
X2
1
1
1
=
=
1 2 ( 5 ) 4
t =
(4)
26
A 4
A4
Z +1 Y
Z 1 B*
Z 1 B
X
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27
A 4
(3) ZA X
Z + 2 Y1
Z Y2
28.
co
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.s
ak
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ed
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at
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n.
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z1 z2
4 0 r