ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

At the outset, I thank the Lord Almighty for the grace, strength and blessings to
make my endeavor a success.
I also express my deepest sense of gratitude to Dr. P Giridhara Reddy, The
Principal, Vemana Institute of Technology, S.M Chandrashekar, Head of the
Department for providing me with adequate facilities, ways and means by
which I was able to complete this seminar. I express my sincere gratitude to them
for their constant support and valuable suggestions without which the successful
completion of this seminar would not have been possible.
Im grateful to Mrs. Nanda C and Mrs. Jayanthi Chandrashekar, my technical
seminar coordinators for their boundless cooperation and helps extended for this
seminar. I express my immense pleasure and thankfulness to all the teachers and
staff of the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering for their
cooperation and support.

AISHWARYA V
1VI12EC400

ABSTRACT
Contaminated water is a serious concern in many developing countries with severe health
consequences particularly for children. Current methods for monitoring waterborne pathogens
are often time consuming, expensive, and labor intensive, making them not suitable for these
regions. Electrochemical detection in a micro fluidic platform offers many advantages such as
portability, minimal use of instrumentation, and easy integration with electronics. In many parts
of the world, however, the required equipment for pathogen detection through electrochemical
sensors is either not available or insufficiently portable, and operators may not be trained to use
these sensors and interpret results, ultimately preventing its wide adoption Counter intuitively,
these same regions often have an extensive mobile phone infrastructure, suggesting the
possibility of integrating electrochemical detection of bacterial pathogens with a mobile
platform. Toward a solution to water quality interventions, we demonstrate a micro fluidic
electrochemical sensor combined with a mobile interface that detects the sequences from
bacterial pathogens, suitable for rapid, affordable and point-of-care water monitoring. We
employ the transduction of DNA hybridization into a readily detectable electric signal by means
of a conformational change of DNA stem-loop structure. Using this platform, we successfully
demonstrate the detection of as low as 100 nm E. coli sequences and the automatic interpretation
and mapping of the detection results via a mobile application.

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CONTENTS
CHAPTERS

Page No

1. INTRODUCTION ..01
2. SYSTEM OVERVIEW ..04
2.1 Electrochemical DNA Sensors ...04
2.2MobileInterface ...05
3. METHODS AND PROCEDURES ...08
3.1Chemical Reagents and Sensor Design ...08
3.2Sensor Fabrication .......08
3.3Mobile Interface Development .......09
4. RESULTS ....10
4.1Detection of Targets ....10
4.2Mobile Interface ..11
5. DISCUSSION ON POTENTIAL CLINICAL IMPACTS ......12
6.ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES......14
7. DISEASES CAUSED BY BAD POLLUTED WATER...15
CONCLUSION ...23
REFFEERENCE ......24

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LIST OF FIGURES
Name of Figures

Page No

1.1 Overview of our micro-fluidic DNA sensors........................................................................03

2.1 Process flow of micro-fluidic DNA sensors (top) and fabricated sensor............................04
2.2 Snapshot of mobile app displaying results from baseline and measurement curve05
2.3 Electrochemical detection of a specific target sequence..........06
2.4 Snapshot of the mobile app displaying safe and not safe indicators....06
2.5 Snapshot of the mobile app showing a water safety map....07

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