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Chapter 9 :skull and Visceral Skeleton
Chapter 9 :skull and Visceral Skeleton
6.
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gives rise to neurocranium from neural crest ventrad to optic stalks >
developing eyeballs connection to brain
gives rise to parachordal cartilage, occiput <?> , from schlerotome
the rest of mesenchyme for neurocranial formation is sourced from
neural crest
2
k. Endolymphatic fossa depression at the posterodorsal aspect
of the neurocraniumm 2 pairs of foramina, houses the
endolymphatic (opens at surface) and perilymphatic ducts
3. BONY FISHES
a. Cartilaginous neurocranium throughout its
life(chondrosteans, gars, dipnoans)
b. Teleosts and tetrapods cartilage replaced by endochondrial
bone as it develops
NEUROCRANIAL OSSIFICATION CENTERS
1. occurs more/less simultaneously at numerous ossification centers
2. actual no. varies per species
a. Occipital Centers
Anterior to sphenoid
Ethmoid plate + nasal capsules
Remains cartilaginous in tetrapods
Ossification centers in amniotes:
Mesethmoid nasal septum of birds and mammals,
turbinal bones @ nasal passageways of reptiles and
birds, cribiform plate in mammals
Sphenethmoid anurans, sole bone arising from both
ethmoid and sphenoid bones
Ectethmoid nasal passageways of Sphenodon
3
6. Modified primary palate may still be present
in all tetrapods
4. Basic Structurea. Read A Question in Homology (regards naming)
b. Roofing Bones
Opercular Bones
1. Flap of tissue arises as an outgrowth of the
hyoid arch and extends caudad over the gill
slits.
2. Membranous in holocephalans, absent in
elasmobranchs,
3. Stiffened plates of dermal bone in bony
fishes: Opercular, preopercular,
subopercular, interopercular
NEUROCRANIAL-DERMATOCRANIAL COMPLEX OF
BONY FISHES