Project Viva Question and Answer

Download Final Year Project Presentation Viva Question and Answers

Question - Describe your project?

Answer - We have developed eBilling and Invoice System project, it is a billing and invoice application can be used
by any small to medium shop. Our application is a desktop application require very less space and require basic
configuration to run this application. We have observed many shop use manual bill and maintain register to maintain
stock details. This eBilling application can easily used and automate the billing and invoice process.

Question - Advantages of your project?

Answer - It is GUI based application require very less time to learn and use this application. System has security
features like only authorized user can use this application. System support dynamic product listing, so user of this
application can add, edit product details. Same application can use different type of shop, industry for billing and
invoice.

Question - How you gathered requirement of your project?

Answer - We have gone through various shop like medicine shop, stationary shop, grocery shop, small super market.
Conduct, observe and consult with operator, sales person, manager, owner for their current system and process. We
have collected sample bills, register formats, product types, invoice formats.

Question - How and where you implement your project?

Answer - We have implemented this project at A1 Xerox and Stationary, previously they used to process billing
manually. They have install our application in two system for billing and invoice and print bill in one dot matrix
printer.

Question - Which software you used in your project?

Answer - We have used Visual Basic 6.0 for front end technology and used MS Access for Back End database, Also
we have used Crystal Report for generate and print bills.

Question - What are the methodology used in your project?

Answer - We have used Waterfall method for developing this project, we have collected all requirements in advance
and have clear idea of all milestone of our project. We have sequenced all the steps of development and complete the
steps.

Question - Is it a Hardware or Software project?

Answer - It is Software and DBMS project and used in live system.

Question - What is your role in your project?

Answer - We have 3 members team for developing this project. My role was to gather requirement from user and form
design, coding and making project report.

Question - Explain data flow of your application?

Answer - Data Flow move from an external entity to a process, from a process to another process, into and out of a
store from a process, and from a process to an external entity. Flows are not permitted to move directly from an
external entity to a store or from a store directly to an external entity. For our project external entity is Customer and
process is bill generation and out put is bill.

Question - What are the entities in your project?

Answer - Customer, Product, User

Question - What are the drawback of your system?

Answer - We have made this application as per user requirement, however we can use latest software technology
like .Net, instated of Crystal Report we can use in built data report for printing, also can used SQL Server instated of
SQL Server for data security and reliability.

Question - How you test your application?

Answer - We have done unit testing of all forms, modules code written by us and then done integration testing. After
completing these two testing we have done stress testing by populating more than 1000 products in product master and
customer table to see the performance. Also we have prepare test case and test result document for verification.

Question - From where you get reference, guide for your project work?
Answer - Mostly we get guide from our class teacher and lab assistance, however also we have taken assistance from
internet, msdn site for coding.

Question - In future what changes you will made in your application?

Answer - We can introduce email, sms feature. instated of printing system can send email, sms for bill, Card payment
option along with cash payment options.

15 Advanced OOPS Interview Question with Answers

1. What is inheritance?
Inheritance is the concept that allows one class to take on the methods and properties of another class. In the example of the car,
you probably have a car frame that defines the basic structure for the car. The body of the car would inherit the main frame of the
car, because it uses the basic car frame as a model. The same is true for your classes. You build a hierarchy for your classes that
inherit each other.
2. What is a class constructor?
A constructor is used when you instantiate a class. The class constructor must have the same name as the class. You can have
several overloaded constructors or a constructor with no parameters. You use constructors to initialize certain properties in your
class.
3. What are overloaded methods?
Overloaded methods are the same method name that just contains a different set of parameters. It means you can have the same
name for your methods just differentiated by parameters. For instance, you have a car move method. However, you might want
to move the car right and forward or left and forward. You could use the same move method just with different parameters, and
these are called overloaded methods.
4. What is an abstract class?
An abstract class cannot be instantiated, but it can be inherited. This means that your inherited class can use the abstract class
methods and properties, but the abstract class cannot be called directly. Abstract classes are good for defining global definitions
for your inherited classes, so you only need to define these definitions once.
5. What does it mean to override a method?
When you inherit a class, you can override the parent class methods. When you override a method, you inherit its function, but
the class inheriting the parents class method overrides parameters and functionality, so you can redefine how the method acts.
6. What is Polymorphism?
Polymorphism is nothing butassigning behavior or value in a subclass to something that was already declared in the main class.
Simply, polymorphism takes more than one form.
7. What is a virtual function?
Virtual function is a member function of class and its functionality can be overridden in its derived class. This function can be
implemented by using a keyword called virtual, and it can be given during function declaration.
8. What is the use of finalize method?
Finalize method helps to perform cleanup operations on the resources which are not currently used. Finalize method is protected ,
and it is accessible only through this class or by a derived class.
9. What is an interface?
An interface is a collection of abstract method. If the class implements an inheritance, and then thereby inherits all the abstract
methods of an interface.
10 .Difference between overloading and overriding?
Overloading is static binding whereas Overriding is dynamic binding. Overloading is nothing but the same method with different
arguments , and it may or may not return the same value in the same class itself. Overriding is the same method names with same
arguments and return types associates with the class and its child class.
11. What is an abstraction?
Abstraction is a good feature of OOPS , and it shows only the necessary details to the client of an object. Means, it shows only

necessary details for an object, not the inner details of an object. Example When you want to switch On television, it not
necessary to show all the functions of TV. Whatever is required to switch on TV will be showed by using abstract class.
12. What is sealed modifiers?
Sealed modifiers are the access modifiers where it cannot be inherited by the methods. Sealed modifiers can also be applied to
properties, events and methods. This modifier cannot be applied to static members. ow
13. can we call the base method without creating an instance?
Yes, it is possible to call the base method without creating an instance. And that method should be, Static method. Doing
inheritance from that class.-Use Base Keyword from derived class.
14. What are all the operators that cannot be overloaded?
Following are the operators that cannot be overloaded -.
Scope Resolution (:: )
Member Selection (.)
Member selection through a pointer to function (.*)
15. How many instances can be created for an abstract class?
Zero instances will be created for an abstract class.
MU (Sikkim Manipal University) Project Report Format for BCA, MCA, BSC IT, MSC IT, MBA IT
*************************************************************************
Cover Page
--Title Of Project
--Your Name
--Roll No
Declaration
Certificate
Acknowledgement
Project Abstract
Table of Contents
Introduction of Project
Objectives
Problem Statement
Requirement Analysis
--System Requirement Specification
--Data Flow Diagram
--Flow Charts
Analysis and Design
--UML Diagrams
--Class Diagram
--Sequence Diagram
--Object Diagram
--Structure Charts
--Data Flows
--Grant Charts
Coding
Interface Design
Testing Results
User Manual
Future Scope
Conclusion
Bibliography
Standard MCA / BCA / BE / BSC IT/ PGDIT Project Report Format for IGNOU, SMU, SCDL, YCMOU
===================================================
Project Title
Acknowledgement
Table of Contents/Index with page numbering
Introduction/Objectives
Advantages of Your project
System Analysis
- Identification of Need
- Preliminary Investigation
- Feasibility Study
- Project Planning
- Project Scheduling (PERT Chart and Gantt Chart both)
- Software requirement specifications (SRS)

- Software Engineering Paradigm applied

- Data models (like DFD), Control Flow diagrams, State Diagrams/Sequence diagrams, Entity Relationship Model, Class
Diagrams/ Data Dictionary
- Diagrams/Use-case Diagrams/Activity Diagrams/ Sequence Diagram/ Other Diagrams
System Design
- Modularisation details
- Data integrity and constraints
- Database design, Procedural Design/Object Oriented Design
- User Interface Design
- Test Cases (Unit Test Cases and System Test Cases)
Coding
- Complete Project Coding
- Comments and Description of Coding segments
- Standardization of the coding
- Code Efficiency
- Error handling
- Parameters calling/passing
- Validation checks
Testing
- Testing techniques and Testing strategies used
- Testing Plan used
- Test reports for Unit Test Cases and System Test Cases
- Debugging and Code improvement
System Security
- Database/data security
- Creation of User profiles and access rights
Cost Estimation of the Project along with Cost Estimation Model
Future scope and further enhancement of the Project
Bibliography
References
Project Viva Questions
====================
1. What further research would you liked to have conducted, and why?
2. Tell me what you learned from your project?
3. Why did you choose this project?
4. What were the objectives of the project?
5. Were the objectives addressed?
6. What were the best features of your project?
Tips for success in technical interview

Get enough information about the organization and product.

Practicing for technical question answer

Practicing for personal, general topics, other than technical question

Review the job description and profile.

Be on time

Follow Up, don't let them forget about you

Be ready for technical test and hands on exercise

Avoid arrogance

Dress and personality

Ask question, show interest for the post.

Try to control the flow of interview, remain composed.

Show confident, don't be confused

Don't use jargon and tech term if you don't know the things in details.

Don't try to misguide the interviewee as they are very experienced.

Salary Negotiation for IT job.
This is the probably the weakest area of for technical person. They are not from the sales and are not good in negotiators. Here is
come tips for salary negotiations.

Do a study of what is the salary trend.

Do not mentioned your salary expected on the resume.

Do not be harsh during salary negotiations.


Talk with the employer in what frequency does the hike happen.

take care of hidden cost attached in salary clarify what exactly you will get.
Salary trend in IT industry in India and Abroad.
Years of Experience
Salary in India CTC
Salary in Abroad CTC
Freshers
INR 60 K to 100 K
$ 40 K to 50 K
1 to 2 Years
INR 120 K to 240 K
$ 50 K to 55 K
3 to 4 Years
INR 300 K to 360 K
$ 55 K to 60 K
5 to 6 Years
INR 360 K to 480 K
$ 60 K to 65 K
7 to 8 Years
INR 480 K to 720 K
$ 70 K to 80 K
8 Years and above
As per negotiations
As per negotiations
Non IT/Software/Database and HR Round related questions
You must ready and prepare for some non technical question in interview like.

Can you say something about yourself?

Why do you want to leave the current company?

Where do you see yourself after three years?

What are your positive and negative points?

How much you rate yourself in .Net and C# in the range of 1 to 10 ?

Do you work on Saturday and Sunday?

Tell about your family background ?

How much time will you need to join our company ?

What is notice period for your current company ?

How you handle pressure situation ?

Why I should hire you ?

Do you work late nights ?

Do you like to work as a team or as individual ?

What are your strengths and weaknesses?

What is the difference between confidence and over confidence?

Can you work under pressure?

What are your goals?

How long would you expect to work for us if hired?

How much salary do you expect?

Why did you resign from your previous job?

Why have you had so many jobs in last 2 years?

Where do you see yourself 2 years from now?

What do you know about this organization?

Are you applying for other jobs?

Are you a team player?

Explain how you would be an asset to this organization?

1 What is VSS (Visual Source Safe) ?
.
You can use VSS to secure code access among the developer and make control over the access right, also can check for
multiple version of code.
2 Assume you have an array that contains a number of strings (perhaps char * a[100]). Each string is a word from the dictionary.
. Your task, described in high-level terms, is to devise a way to determine and display all of the anagrams within the array (two
words are anagrams if they contain the same characters; for example, tales and slate are anagrams.)
Begin by sorting each element in the array in alphabetical order. So, if one element of your array was slate, it would be
rearranged to form aelst (use some mechanism to know that the particular instance of aelst maps to slate). At this point, you
slate and tales would be identical: aelst.
Next, sort the entire array of these modified dictionary words. Now, all of the anagrams are grouped together. Finally, step
through the array and display duplicate terms, mapping the sorted letters (aelst) back to the word (slate or tales).
3 What is the difference between a NULL pointer and a void pointer?
.
A NULL pointer is a pointer of any type whose value is zero. A void pointer is a pointer to an object of an unknown type, and

is guaranteed to have enough bits to hold a pointer to any object. A void pointer is not guaranteed to have enough bits to point
to a function (though in general practice it does)
4 What is encapsulation technique?
.
Hiding data within the class and making it available only through the methods. This technique is used to protect your class
against accidental changes to fields, which might leave the class in an inconsistent state.

5 Definition of Object Oriented Programming in single line?

.
Object oriented programming is a programming paradigm which uses objects and its interactions to design applications and
computer programs.
6 What is virtual function?
.
The virtual keyword means that method, property or function can be overridden
7 Whats a Windows process?
.
Its an application thats running and had been allocated memory.
8 What is programming?
.
Computer programming is writing or editing a computer program. A computer program is a set of instructions which
determine how the computer will react to input when that program is running.
9 What is a debugger?
.
debugger is a program in which you run another program that you are trying to debug. Inside a debugger, you can step through
your program one line or instruction at a time, set break points and have your program run until it hits one, examine the
contents of variables and memory, and such other useful things as that.
1 what is a Programming language?
0
.
A programming language is a stylized communication technique intended to be used for controlling the behavior of a machine
(often a computer). Like human languages programming languages have syntactic and semantic rules used to define meaning.
1 What's the difference between a programming language, a scripting language?
1
.
The main difference between a "programming language" (C, C++ etc.) and a "scripting language" (ASP, JSP, JavaScript,
VBScript) is that code written in a programming language needs to be compiled before it is run. Once it is compiled, it can be
run any number of times.
Scripting languages, on the other hand, are interpreted at run-time. This means that every time you want to run the program, a
separate program needs to read the code, interpret it, and then follow the instructions in the code. Compiled code has already
been interpreted into machine language, so it is will typically execute faster because the conversion into machine language has
already been done.
1 What is difference between overloading and overriding?
2
.
Same methods (Names are same) with different signature (parameters) is called overloading, while having same name and
parameter functions in base and drive class called overriding.

1 What are the advantages of OOPS?

3
.
Advantages of OOPS are Re-usability, Maintainability, Extensibility, Modifiability, Modularity, Simplicity
1 What are the features of OOPS?
4
.
These are the main features of OOPS, a) Abstraction b) Encapsulation c) Inheritance d) Polymorphism
1 What is Class and Object
5
.
A Class is blueprint or a template to create an Object. Whereas an Object is a an actual instance of a Class.
1 Explain modeling and its advantages?
6
.
Modeling is a proven and well-accepted engineering technique which helps build a model. Model is a simplification of reality;
it is a blueprint of the actual system that needs to be built.
1 What are the various types of Software Testing?
7
.
There are 7 different types of testing are done for a project, they are a) Unit Testing, b) Integration Testing, c) System Testing,
d) Acceptance Testing, e) Alpha and Beta Testing, f) Black Box Testing and g) White Box Testing
1 What is ER Diagram
8
.
ER model is a conceptual data model that views the real world as entities and relationships. A basic component of the model is
the Entity-Relationship diagram which is used to visually represents data objects.
1 Write a program to add two numbers without using arithmetic operator?
9
.
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a=3,b=5;
While(b--)
a++;
System.out.println("sum is"+a);
}
2 Write a program to swap two numbers without using a temporary variable.
0
.
public static void main()
{
int a=4,b=5;
a=a+b; //a=9
b=a-b; //b=4
a=a-b; //a=5
System.out.println("After swapping"+a,+b);
}

2 Write a program to find largest of 2 numbers without using if-else

1
.
void main()
{
cin>>a>>b;; //let a=3and b=2
float c=|(a+b)|/2+|(a-b)|/2; //c=2.5+0.5=3.0
cout<<"largest number is"<<c;
}

1 What is DHTML?
.
DHTML means dynamic hyper text markup language it combines of static HTML, cascading style sheets (CSS) and scripting.
by using scripting with CSS we can manipulate document object model (DOM) to get dynamic effect of the page.
2 What are the commonly used data types in VBScript?
.
All data types in VBScript are variants.
3 What is a virtual root and how do you create one?
.
A virtual root is essentially a new web site in IIS. Youd create one in the MMC by either selecting New Virtual Site from
the site context menu, or clicking Create in the Home Directory tab in the properties for any existing folder. Using the first
method, you can also create a virtual root that points to a logical directory outside the current web root. The new virtual root is
largely, although not completely, as configurable as a new web site.
4 How would you remotely administer IIS?
.
Win2K and Win2K3 comes with a limited terminal services server built in for remote administration of the server. Set it up as
remote client and use the TS client or Remote Desktop Connection on the client to login. From there, use MMC as if you were
logged on locally.
5 How would you go about securing IIS and MS-SQL Server?
.
1. stay up to date on patches and keep security software (AV, firewall, IDS, maybe even packet logging, etc.) running.
2. IIS authenticates against domain users (even if the domain is Local Machine). Make sure you have no spurious users, and
secure everyones passwords. If possible, segregate public web machines into different ACL segments (e.g. a different
domain).
3. Be careful with security policies. The standard server install comes with hardened LSP templates, which you should
consider if youre not experienced enough to build your own. Non-front tiers should have tight security policies barring
anyone outside the adjacent tiers (and maybe a test machine or two) from access.

6 How do I make a graphic a link in HTML?

.
by Including the img tag between the a href tag and the a closing tag:
7 What scripts ship with IIS 6.0?
.
iisweb.vsb to create, delete, start, stop, and list Web sites, iisftp.vsb to create, delete, start, stop, and list FTP sites, iisdir.vsb to
create, delete, start, stop, and display virtual directories, iisftpdr.vsb to create, delete, start, stop, and display virtual directories
under an FTP root, iiscnfg.vbs to export and import IIS configuration to an XML file
8 Whats the name of the user who connects to the Web site anonymously?

.
IUSR_computername
9 What secure authentication and encryption mechanisms are supported by IIS 6.0?
.
Basic authentication, Digest authentication, Advanced digest authentication, Certificate-based Web transactions that use PKCS
#7/PKCS #10, Fortezza, SSL, Server-Gated Cryptography, Transport Layer Security
1 Wheres ASP cache located on IIS 6.0?
0
.
On disk, as opposed to memory, as it used to be in IIS 5.
1 What is socket pooling?
1
.
Non-blocking socket usage, introduced in IIS 6.0. More than one application can use a given socket.
1 What are JavaScript types?
2
.
Number, String, Boolean, Function, Object, Null, Undefined
1 How do you convert numbers between different bases in JavaScript?
3
.
Use the parseInt() function, that takes a string as the first parameter, and the base as a second parameter. So to convert
hexadecimal 3F to decimal, use parseInt ("3F", 16);
1 What boolean operators does JavaScript support?
4
.
&&, || and !
1 What looping structures are there in JavaScript?
5
.
for, while, do-while loops, but no foreach.
1 How do you assign object properties?
6
.
obj["age"] = 17 or obj.age = 17.
1 Whats a way to append a value to an array?
7
.
arr[arr.length] = value;
1 What is THIS keyword?
8
.
It refers to the current object
1 What does isNaN function do?

9
.
Return true if the argument is not a number.
2 What is negative infinity?
0
.
Its a number in JavaScript, derived by dividing negative number by zero.
2 How to detect the operating system on the client machine?
1
.
In order to detect the operating system on the client machine, the navigator.appVersion
2 Where are cookies actually stored on the hard disk?
2
.
This depends on the user's browser and OS.
In the case of Netscape with Windows OS,all the cookies are stored in a single file called cookies.txt
c:\Program Files\Netscape\Users\username\cookies.txt
2 What can javascript programs do?
3
.
Generation of HTML pages on-the-fly without accessing the Web server.
The user can be given control over the browser like User input validation Simple computations can be performed on the
client's machine The user's browser, OS, screen size, etc. can be detected
Date and Time Handling
2 How to set a HTML document's background color?
4
.
document.bgcolor property can be set to any appropriate color.
2 What does the "Access is Denied" IE error mean?
5
.
The "Access Denied" error in any browser is due to the following reason.A javascript in one window or frame is tries to access
another window or frame whose document's domain is different from the document containing the script.
2 Is a javascript script faster than an ASP script?
6
.
Yes.Since javascript is a client-side script it does require the web server's help for its computation,so it is always faster than
any server-side script like ASP,PHP,etc..
2 Are Java and JavaScript the Same?
7
.
No.java and javascript are two different languages.
Java is a powerful object - oriented programming language like C++,C whereas Javascript is a client-side scripting language
with some limitations.
2 How to embed javascript in a web page?
8

.
javascript code can be embedded in a web page between <script
langugage="javascript"></script> tags
2 How to access an external javascript file that is stored externally and not embedded?
9
.
This can be achieved by using the following tag between head tags or between body tags.
<script src="abc.js"></script>
where abc.js is the external javscript file to be accessed.
3 .What is the difference between an alert box and a confirmation box?
0
.
An alert box displays only one button which is the OK button whereas the Confirm box displays two buttons namely OK and
cancel.
3 What is a prompt box?
1
.
A prompt box allows the user to enter input by providing a text box.
3 Can javascript code be broken in different lines?
2
.
Breaking is possible within a string statement by using a backslash \ at the end but not within any other javascript statement.
that is ,
document.write("Hello \
world");
is possible but not
document.write \
("hello world");
3 How to hide javascript code from old browsers that dont run it?
3
.
Use the below specified style of comments
<script language=javascript>
<!-javascript code goes here
// -->
3 How to comment javascript code?
4
.
Use // for line comments and
/*
*/ for block comments
3 Name the numeric constants representing max,min values
5
.
Number.MAX_VALUE
Number.MIN_VALUE

3 What does javascript null mean?

6
.
The null value is a unique value representing no value or no object.
It implies no object, or null string,no valid Boolean value, no number and no array object.
3 What does undefined value mean in javascript?
7
.
Undefined value means the variable used in the code doesnt exist or is not assigned any value or the property doesn't exist.
3 What is the difference between undefined value and null value?
9
.
(i)Undefined value cannot be explicitly stated that is there is no keyword called undefined whereas null value has keyword
called null
(ii)typeof undefined variable or property returns undefined whereas
typeof null value returns object
4 Does javascript have the concept level scope?
0
.
No. JavaScript does not have block level scope,all the variables declared inside a function possess the same level of scope
unlike c,c++,java.
4 What are undefined and undeclared variables?
1
.
Undeclared variables are those that are not declared in the program (do not exist at all), trying to read their values gives
runtime error.But if undeclared variables are assigned then implicit declaration is done .
Undefined variables are those that are not assigned any value but are declared in the program. Trying to read such variables
gives special value called undefined value.
4 What is === operator ?
2
.
==== is strict equality operator ,it returns true only when the two operands are having the same value without any type
conversion.
4 What does the delete operator do?
3
.
The delete operator is used to delete all the variables and objects used in the program ,but it does not delete variables declared
with var keyword.
4 What does break and continue statements do?
4
.
Continue statement continues the current loop (if label not specified) in a new iteration whereas break statement exits the
current loop.
4 How to create a function using function constructor?
5
.

The following example illustrates this

It creates a function called square with argument x and returns x multiplied by itself.
var square = new Function ("x","return x*x");
1
What is normalization
.
Well a relational database is basically composed of tables that contain related data. So the Process of organizing this data into
tables is actually referred to as normalization.
2
What is a Stored Procedure
.
Its nothing but a set of T-SQL statements combined to perform a single task of several tasks. Its basically like a Macro so
when you invoke the Stored procedure, you actually run a set of statements.
3
Can you give an example of Stored Procedure ?
.
sp_helpdb , sp_who2, sp_renamedb are a set of system defined stored procedures. We can also have user defined stored
procedures which can be called in similar way.
4
What is a trigger?
.
Triggers are basically used to implement business rules. Triggers is also similar to stored procedures. The difference is that it
can be activated when data is added or edited or deleted from a table in a database.
5
What is a view?
.
If we have several tables in a db and we want to view only specific columns from specific tables we can go for views. It would
also suffice the needs of security some times allowing specfic users to see only specific columns based on the permission that
we can configure on the view. Views also reduce the effort that is required for writing queries to access specific columns every
time.
6
What is an Index?
.
When queries are run against a db, an index on that db basically helps in the way the data is sorted to process the query for
faster and data retrievals are much faster when we have an index.
7
What is the basic difference between clustered and a non-clustered index?
.
The difference is that, Clustered index is unique for any given table and we can have only one clustered index on a table. The
leaf level of a clustered index is the actual data and the data is resorted in case of clustered index. Whereas in case of nonclustered index the leaf level is actually a pointer to the data in rows so we can have as many non-clustered indexes as we can
on the db.
8
What are cursors?
.
Well cursors help us to do an operation on a set of data that we retreive by commands such as Select columns from table. For
example : If we have duplicate records in a table we can remove it by declaring a cursor which would check the records during
retreival one by one and remove rows which have duplicate values.
9
Can you tell the difference between DELETE & TRUNCATE commands?
.
Delete command removes the rows from a table based on the condition that we provide with a WHERE clause. Truncate will
actually remove all the rows from a table and there will be no data in the table after we run the truncate command.
1 Can we use Truncate command on a table which is referenced by FOREIGN KEY?
0

.
No. We cannot use Truncate command on a table with Foreign Key because of referential integrity.
1
1 What is the difference between a HAVING CLAUSE and a WHERE CLAUSE?
.
Having Clause is basically used only with the GROUP BY function in a query. WHERE Clause is applied to each row before
they are part of the GROUP BY function in a query.
1
2 What do you mean by COLLATION?
.
Collation is basically the sort order. There are three types of sort order Dictionary case sensitive, Dictonary - case insensitive
and Binary.
1
3 What are Joins ?
.
Join actually puts data from two or more tables into a single result set.
1
4 Can you explain the types of Joins that we can have with Sql Server?
.
There are three types of joins: Inner Join, Outer Join, Cross Join
1
5 What is difference between UNIQUE and PRIMARY KEY constraints?
.
Both are Constraints and both creates an index on the specified columns.
UNIQUE is a constraint which enforces distinct column values on a table column and can contain a NULL record also.
PRIMARY KEY is a constraint similar to UNIQUE, however it cannot have a Null value for the column. Moreover a
PRIMARY KEY can be the parent column for a Parent - Child relationship(Foreign Key).
1
6 What is a OUTER JOIN?
.
An OUTER JOIN returns all rows that satisfy the join condition and also returns some or all of those rows from one table for
which no rows from the other satisfy the join condition.
1
7 When do you use WHERE clause and when do you use HAVING clause?
.
The WHERE condition lets you restrict the rows selected to those that satisfy one or more conditions. Use the HAVING clause
to restrict the groups of returned rows to those groups for which the specified condition is TRUE.
1
8 What is difference between Rename and Alias?
.
Rename is actually changing the name of an object whereas Alias is giving another name (additional name) to an existing
object
1
9 What are various joins used while writing SUBQUERIES?
.
IN, NOT IN, IN ANY, IN ALL, EXISTS, NOT EXISTS.

2
0 How you will avoid your query from using indexes?
.
By changing the order of the columns that are used in the index, in the Where condition, or by concatenating the columns with
some constant values.
1
What is default database engine for MySQL?
.
INODB.
2
what are the character data types available in MYSQL?
.
3
What happens if a table has one column defined as TIMESTAMP?
.
That field gets the current timestamp whenever the row gets altered.
4
What are the optimization techniques for Query optimization performance issues and faster execution of queries
.
1.litmit
2.keys
3. indexing
5
What are the differences between drop a table and truncate a table?
.
Drop - will Delete the table date as well as the table structure.
Truncate - Will Delete the table data only. The table structure will remains.
6 How can we change the name and data type of a column of a
. table?
To Change DataType of Column:
Sy: Alter Table <Table Name> Modify <ColumnName> <DataType>;
Ex: Alter Table Test Modify EmpId varchar(5);
0 M. Ravindar
7
If the value in the column is repeatable, how do you find out the unique values?
.
Use DISTINCT in the query, such as SELECT DISTINCT user_firstname FROM users; You can also ask for a number of
distinct values by saying SELECT COUNT (DISTINCT user_firstname) FROM users;
8
How do you convert between Unix timestamps and MySQL timestamps?
.
UNIX_TIMESTAMP converts from MySQL timestamp to Unix timestamp, FROM_UNIXTIME converts from Unix
timestamp to MySQL timestamp.
9
How are ENUMs and SETs represented internally?
.
As unique integers representing the powers of two, due to storage optimizations.
1
0 How do you start and stop MySQL on Windows?
.
net start MySQL, net stop MySQL
1 What does tee command do in MySQL?
1

.
tee followed by a filename turns on MySQL logging to a specified file. It can be stopped by command notee.
1
2 Can you save your connection settings to a conf file?
.
Yes, and name it ~/.my.conf. You might want to change the permissions on the file to 600, so that its not readable by others.
1
3 How do you change a password for an existing user via mysqladmin?
.
mysqladmin -u root -p password "newpassword"
1
4 What are some good ideas regarding user security in MySQL?
.
There is no user without a password. There is no user without a user name. There is no user whose Host column contains %
(which here indicates that the user can log in from anywhere in the network or the Internet). There are as few users as possible
(in the ideal case only root) who have unrestricted access.
1
5 Explain the difference between MyISAM Static and MyISAM Dynamic.
.
In MyISAM static all the fields have fixed width. The Dynamic MyISAM table would include fields such as TEXT, BLOB,
etc. to accommodate the data types with various lengths. MyISAM Static would be easier to restore in case of corruption,
since even though you might lose some data, you know exactly where to look for the beginning of the next record.
1
6 What are HEAP tables in MySQL?
.
HEAP tables are in-memory. They are usually used for high-speed temporary storage. No TEXT or BLOB fields are allowed
within HEAP tables. You can only use the comparison operators = and <=>. HEAP tables do not support
AUTO_INCREMENT. Indexes must be NOT NULL.
1
7 What are CSV tables?
.
Those are the special tables, data for which is saved into comma-separated values files. They cannot be indexed.
1
8 Explain the difference between FLOAT, DOUBLE and REAL.
.
FLOATs store floating point numbers with 8 place accuracy and take up 4 bytes. DOUBLEs store floating point numbers with
16 place accuracy and take up 8 bytes. REAL is a synonym of FLOAT for now.
If you specify the data type as DECIMAL (5,2), whats the range of values that can go in this table?

999.99 to -99.99. Note that with the negative number the minus sign is considered one of the digits.
Welcome to my personal page, all contents of this page are personal. Don't use this contents and photographs in any other means without my permi
authentication to access.

Personal Details
Name :
Date of Birth :
Qualification :
Location :
Email ID :
My Websites :

Skype :

Atanu Anil Maity

08-Jan-1974
Master in Computer Application
Mumbai, India.
am@programmer2programmer.net
www.programmer2programmer.net
sites.google.com/site/ajprofessionals
www.readymadeproject.com
www.indianrecipesonline.co.in
atanu.maity

Technical Experience
IT Experience :

Total 14 Years of IT Experience, Microsoft Certified Professional (MCP) since December 2004
Microsoft Certified Solution Developer for .Net (MCSD.Net)
10 Years of Visual Basic 6 Experience
8 Years of Visual Studio. Net Experience
9 Years of Oracle Experience
10 Years of Sql Server Experience
5 Years of MySql Experience
6 Years of Developing and DBA Experience and 4 years of Solution Architecture Experience

Proficient Technologies

VB6, VB.Net, C#, ASP.Net, JAVA, JSP, AJAX, SilverLight, WCF, WPF, Oracle, SQL Server, M
Crystal Report
Other Technologies I know

C, C++, Basic, FoxPro, ProC*, Unix, Visual FoxPro, ASP, ColdFusion, PHP, ActionScript, Lotu
postGreSQL, Scripting, CorelDraw, PhotoShop, Flash, Director. SAPI, TAPI, OCR, ICR.
Certification

MCP (Microsoft Certified Professional)

MCAD.Net (Microsoft Certified Application Developer for .Net)
MCSD.Net (Microsoft Certified Solution Developer for .Net)
70-306 Developing and Implementing Web Applications with Microsoft Visual Basic .NET and
Microsoft Visual Studio .NET
70-229 Designing and Implementing Databases with Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Enterprise Ed
70-310 Developing XML Web Services and Server Components with Microsoft Visual Basic .N
the Microsoft .NET Framework
70-305 Developing and Implementing Web Applications with Microsoft Visual Basic .NET and
Microsoft Visual Studio .NET
70-300 Analyzing Requirement and Defining Solution Architecture
Type of Project Completed

Graphic Application, Telephony Application, CRM Application, Games, ERP, Banking, Finance
Internet Programming, TAPI, SAPI, OCR, ICR, Data Base application. Implementing Data
Warehousing and Data mining, MIS Automation, Web Application.

The Online Student Registration System is an web based portal developed in ASP. Online Registration system will allow online
submission of student application, Student Registration, Perform Computer based quiz/test. Stored test results, modify student
profile. Online Student Registration System Project consists of two functional elements: an enhanced Student module for
Registration, Edit Profile, View Test history, Change Password. Online Test/Quiz Module for Start test, give examination,
calculate results, store test results, manage question banks.
You can free download all the project documentation, project source code, active server page (*.asp) files, Java Script (.js) files,
cascading style sheet (.cs) CSS files, Image and Layout files, database, Installation Guide fromdownload link. Code are well
commented for your reference, however if you want any clarification you can contact me for further explanation, click here to
view online demo of this application.
Click here to get more than 500 unique academic project idea in different programming languages. Download this project
concept, abstract, SRS, source code to complete project for your college submission.

Who can use this project ?

Submission of semester and final year college student for academic purpose.

Student who are submitting their mini, major project for BE, BCA, BSC-IT, BIT, MBA, MCA, MS, this project is well
commented, ready made project documentation available for submission.

Who want to learn asp and database programming in visual basic script.

Student of Mumbai, Delhi, Calcutta, Chennai, Pune, Bangalore University of India and other international university.

IGNOU, SMU, DOEACC student.

How to develop web projects by using ASP, Java Script.

How to host web application in IIS - Internet Information Server.

Abstract
Currently student submits hardcopy of filled application form to the college/university, office staff enters all data into excel file
and write same in manual register. Issue hall ticket / admit card to student and conduct test for student. Student comes to
college and give test for the specified date. Office staff check all the paper calculate results and type all the details for taking
printout and display it in college premises. College inform student to check the result, student comes to college and view the
results.
Proposed online student registration system will eliminate all the manual intervention and increase the speed of whole process.
System will allow student to fill the form online, system has inbuilt validation system to validate the entered data. After
successful submission, system will give unique registration no for each student. Student can login into system by using
registration no and give online test. System will show the result after instantly and stored the results for further use.
Project Requirement

On line submission of application forms.

On-line Quizzes for the first semester courses. There should be minimum 50 questions (objective types with four
options)

When user leaves the test its result should be displayed at that moment.

There should be a proper login system for the user where security is required.

The web technologies to be used ; DHTML, CSS, JavaScript and ASP

The proper validation should be done.

Solution
After analysis the requirement we decide that we need to create following web pages

Home Page

Login Page

My Page

Registration

Change Password

Edit Profile

Start Test


Examination

Results

FAQ

Contact Us
Deployment Environment

Database Server
OS Win 2003 Enterprise Server
MS Access
HDD Min 10 GB, Recommended 25 GB
RAM Min 1 GB, Recommended 2 GB
Processor - Pentium Dual Xenon Processor

Application Server
OS Win 2003 Enterprise Server
IIS Internet Information Server
HDD Min 5 GB, Recommended 10 GB
RAM Min 1 GB, Recommended 2 GB
Processor - Pentium Dual Xenon Processor

Workstation: The online registration system web application will operate with the following Web Browsers: Microsoft
Internet Explorer version 5.0, 6.0. 7.0.

Development Tools and Technologies

ASP (Active Server Pages)

-Inbuilt with IISS 4.0 onward
-No need of compilation and any special software package.

MS Access
-Easy to use and easy to deployment
-ADO compatibility especially with ASP scripting.
Online Student Registration System Use Case

Download the project documentation, source code, database and report files.
Download Type

Download File

Size in KB

No of times
download

1. Project Synopsis

75940

2. Project Report

22

53172

3. Installation Guide

318

46863

4. Project Source Code

161

64550

Q1: What do you know about Java? A: Java is nothing but a high-level programming language from the Sun Microsystem. It is
released in the year 1995 and runs on multiple platforms like Windows, Mac and other variations of UNIX. Q2: Can you
differentiate between J2SDK 1.5 and J2SDK 5.0? There is no difference between J2SDK 1.5 and J2SDK 5.0. Sun Microsystems
has just rebranded the versions. Q3: Can you name a few platforms that support Java? A: Yes, Java is supported by Windows,
Mac as well as UNIX/Linux like Ubuntu, Red Hat and Sun Solaris. Q4: Could you tell me why Java is called Architectural
Neutral? A: The main reason is because the compiler creates an architecture-natural object file format. This makes the compiled
code to be executable on different other processors. Q5: Could you differentiate an Interface and an Abstract class? A: An
abstract class may have instance methods, which can implement a default behavior. On the other hand, an interface cant
implement any default behavior. However, it can declare different constants and instance methods. While an interface has all the
public members, an abstract class contains only class members like private, protected and so on. Q6: What are the different ways
you can use Static? A: Static can be used in four ways: static variables, static methods, static classes and it can be used across a
block of code in any class in order to indicate code that runs when a virtual machine starts and before the instances are created.
Q7: Do you think all property of Immutable Object needs to be final? A: Not compulsory as we can easily achieve the same by
making member as non-final but private and not changing them except in the constructor. Also, avoid providing setter methods
for them. If it is a mutable object, then prevent leaking any reference for that member. Q8: Can you brief me about Singleton
Class? A: It basically controls object creation, restricting the number to one while allowing the flexibility to create objects if the
scenario changes. Q9: In Java, what is the default value of Float and Double? A: Default value of Float is 0.0f while 0.0d for
Double. Q10: Can you explain Type Erasure? A: It is nothing but a JVM phenomenon, which means that the runtime has no idea
about the types of generic objects like List<Integer>. Q11: Explain Dot Operator. A: It is used to access the instance variables
and methods of class objects. Also, we can use it to access classes and sub-packages from a package. Q12: What do you mean by
Serialization in Java? A: Well, serialization is nothing but a process of transforming objects into a stream of bytes. Q13: Can
you tell me the reason why String class is considered immutable? A: It is because to avoid change in String object once it is
created. As String is immutable, you can share it between different threads in a safe way. This is quite crucial in multithreaded
programming. Q14: Can you quickly brief about Map, HashMap, HashTable, and TreeMap? A: Map is an interface HashMap is
a class that implements a Map. It is unsynchronized and supports null values and keys Hashtable is a synchronized version of
HashMap TreeMap is similar to HashMap but uses Tree to implement Map Q15: Do you think not overriding hashcode() method
has any performance implication? A: A weak hashcode function will result into frequent collision in HashMap, which will at the
end increase the time to add an object within Hash Map. Q16: Can you explain when and why Getters and Setters important? A:
We can put setters and getters within interfaces, which can hide implementation details. This allows us to make member variables
public in Java. Q17: Is it possible to import same package or class twice? Will the JVM load the package twice at runtime? A: It
is possible to import the same package or class more than one time. Also, it wont have any effect on compiler or JVM. JVM will
load the class for one time only, irrespective of the number of times you import the same class. Q18: What is difference between
Throw and Throws? A: While Throw is used to trigger an exception, Throws is used in the declaration of exception. It is not
possible to handle checked exception without Throws. Q19: What is the significance of the order in which catch statements for
FileNotFoundException and IOException are written? A: It is crucial to consider the order as the FileNoFoundException is
inherited from the IOException. Therefore, it is important that exception's subclasses caught first. Q20: Can throw some light on
Yielding and Sleeping? A: When any task invokes its yield() method, it will return to the ready state. Whenever a task invokes
sleep() method, it will return to the wait state. Q21: Why you should use Vector class? A: It provides the capability to implement
a growable array of objects. It is quite useful when we dont know the exact size of the array. Q22: Can you tell me the number of
bits used to represent Unicode, ASCII, UTF-16, and UTF-8 characters? A: For Unicode 16 bits and ASCII needs 7 bits. However,
ASCII is usually represented as 8 bits. UTF-8 presents characters through 8, 16 and 18 bit pattern. UTF-16 will require 16-bit and
larger bit patterns. Q23: What is Applets? A: A small programs based on Java that can be transformed from one computer to
another using the Applet Viewer or web browser. Q24: What is the use of Locale? A: Locale is an object containing geographical,
cultural and political information which helps in using custom codes and conventions of specific country or region for writing
applications in that language. Q25: What is the use of Java Package? A: Java Package is useful for organizing projects containing
multiple modules and protecting them from unauthorized access. Q26: While working in the JVM, do we need to import
java.lang package? A: No, by default it is loaded in the JVM Q27: Can Applets communicate with each other? A: Yes, they can
communicate via shared static variables even if they belong to same of different classes. Q28: Can a .java file support more than
one java classes? A: Yes, it can support more than one Java classes in a condition where one of them is a public class.
Q29: MAIN, NEXT, DELETE & EXIT, which of these is a keyword in Java? A: None of these is a keyword in Java Q30: How to
handle errors while writing or accessing Stored Procedures? A: Store Procedure itself returns the error codes if any but, incase if
it fails to do so, we can resort to catching SQL Exception. Q31: From ArrayList and LinkedList, which one helps to perform an
indexed search in a list of objects? A: ArrayList Q32: What is the use of File Class? A: It helps in accessing files and directories
of a local system. Q33: Does Java support Default arguments? A: No, it does not support Q34: Describe lifecycle of Applets?

A: Initialization, Starting, Stopping, Destroying & Painting Q35: What is the method applied to load an image in Applet class?
A: Its getImage - See more at: http://www.cygnet-infotech.com/blog/java-interview-questions-to-crack-your-javainterview#sthash.10rQT5BW.dpuf
Before I list out projects, I would like to clarify some common misconceptions regarding projects by providing answers to some
of the commonly asked questions.
What is a project?
A project is a requirement. When a college wants to computerize its library, it is a requirement and hence a project. The ultimate
goal of the project is to full fill the requirement in the best possible manner.
What is a Live Project?
A live project, in the strict sense, is a project developed and used in real-world. If a library management project is developed and
used to run library of your college, then we call it a live project.
There are many challenges that you come across during development and deployment of the project. Only when clientcompany or the person who is in need of the project - uses the project in his/her day-to-day operations we call it as live project.
What is a dummy project?
Any project that is not used by some in real-world for actual operation is a dummy project. For example, you developed a
library management system for your college. But if college doesn't use it for library management then we call it as dummy
project.
Make no mistake, the requirement may be real-world requirement but what makes a project live or dummy is its ultimate usage.
The difference between dummy and live is like mock exam and real exam. Mock exam also has real questions, but the result
doesn't matter whereas in real exam the result matters. Nobody bothers about the result of mock exam (same with dummy
project) and everybody bothers about real exam (like live project).
I heard that some software companies give live projects. What are they?
Yes. Some software companies give live projects. They generally choose people based on MERIT and make them do the project
in their premises. The selected candidates are also provided with some assistance and guidance by seniors. If selected candidates
are good, it is an advantage to companies as companies can use them in project development (or a module at least) as well as
absorb them as full-time employees later.
True software development companies DO NOT take any money from students for this. Some instead pay as well. Because their
motto is not to make money from students requirement, but instead developing software.
I heard that some other companies give live projects. What are they?
Yes. Some non-it companies give projects. They expect a team of students to develop the software for them.
To be honest, most of this is just eye-wash and formality. Neither students complete projects nor companies are serious about it.
Most of the projects given by public sector are of this kind.
Is there any use in doing a dummy project?
Yes. There is a lot if you sincerely and seriously do it on your own. Remember, the idea behind making a project part of
academic curriculum is to make students know how to apply what they learnt.
In nutshell, doing a project on your own will teach you a lot than buying a project.
Buying projects and submitting somebody else's project etc. are self-deceiving and will not help anyone anyway.
Is there anything like Java project and .Net project?
As I already mentioned a project is a requirement. A project is a solution. It can be developed either using Java or .Net. A project
you do in Java, someone else can do in .Net and vice-versa.
Unless, you are concerned with platform independence, any project done in Java/J2EE can be done even in .Net.
If you need system resource to be accessed then the best languages are obviously C and C++.
Can we do a project while we are learning technology. For example, can we learn J2EE and parallel do a project?
No way. You need to learn the technology and digest it before you can apply it. Learning and applying it parallel is next to
impossible. At the most you come out with a project that is of substandard.
I suggest students to learn technologies such as Java and .Net before they start any project.

Web Projects

The most important and interesting projects are web projects. One must realize the future is all about people doing things through
web. These projects can be developed either by using Java EE or .NET (ASP.NET).
Forums
This application allows user to post questions and replys. It is one of the most widely used application in Internet. All companies
such as Microsoft, Oracle, Sun etc. provide Forums in their websites to allow user to share their knowledge. Apart from that
many websites provide this application.
References : www.jguru.com, www.dbforums.com , msdn.microsoft.com, forum.java.sun.com , srikanthtechnologies.com
Website For VDCA
This website provides information about cricket matches conducted by VDCA (Visakhapatnam District Cricket Association) in
different divisions.
Information about teams, players, matches are stored in the database. This is done an application, which is used only by staff of
VDCA.
The information provided by the site should come from database and provide details of teams,players and scoreboards of
matches.
Also provide provision for ranks for batting and bowling based on runs scored and wickets taken in each division.

Intranet Messaging
It allows messaging within a LAN (local area network). It is useful in offices and colleges. Only users of the company or college
network can send messages to other users of the same network. It is similar to Internet mailing, but it works in Intranet.
You need to provide features like groups, attachments for messages etc.
Examination Engine
It is a typical examination system based on web. You have to allow user to select subject on which user want to take exam and
then post questions one-by-one.
Provide time limit for each question and do not allow user to go back to previous question using back button. If you want to
allow that features, do so in your application.
Allow users to see the detailed result of the exam. Also store details of each result so that user can see their previous results.
References : References: brainbench.com, srikanthtechnologies.com.
E-Tenders
This Internet application allows contractors interested in different jobs of the company to file their tenders online. Each job is
listed in the website with all details like nature of work, expected duration, other details.
Interested contractor can file their tender through the website.
Each contractor is given an account with username and password. Contractors use their credentials to log in and see details.
Contracts can also withdraw their tender before the due date.
Provide an administration application (intranet application) for company to get details of tenders, add or delete details of jobs
etc. Only a user with special username and password can access this application.
Once the contract is finalized then company informs the contractor about it. The rest of the process is outside the purview of this
application.
Auction Portal
Allows users to put products for sale through auction. Allows users to reach the entire world. Any registered user can add an
item for sale. Each item has a start price and closing date for auction. Other users who are interested in the product bid for the
product. After the closing date of auction product will be sold to the one who bid for highest price.
It should provide general portal features such as login, registration, forgot password, changing profile etc.
Allow users to upload an image of the product that is being put on auction (if it is applicable).
References : References: bazee.com, ebay.com
Groups - Sharing
This application allows users to create groups and join groups to share information with other who have similar interest.
It should provide general portal features such as login, registration, forgot password, changing profile etc.
Allow users to add messages, files, photos and other details that you deem are important to community.
References : References: groups.yahoo.com, groups.google.com

Classmates Tracker
This allows classmates to get information about other classmates. Allow classmates to register with details such as class, year of
passing and other details which enable other to track him.
Provide provision to add photos, messages and other details that are of interest to others. Provide a comprehensive search
facility to enable users to search for their classmates. Allow users to send messages to others.
It should provide general portal features such as login, registration, forgot password, changing profile etc.
References : classmates.com.
Search and Order on Net
This application allows users to search for books (or any items) and place order on the Internet. Any user can place an order
with relevant details like a valid phone number, address etc.
Once user places order for one or more books, books will be delivered to the user and payment will be made by the user on
delivery of books.
Provide comprehensive search facility and also allow user to keep track of their orders. Also allow user to provide feedback
regarding books, so that prospective buyers can see feedback before buying. Take profile of the users who are providing
feedback.
Allow users to register to get information regarding latest titles and attractive offers.
The option to allow users to pay on delivery will make it a good alternative to a typical shop.
Video Library Online
This application is to assist members of a typical video library. User can see the titles available in different categories. Once a
member selects a title and asks for delivery, it will be delivered to the member within a stipulated time.
Allow new members to register their interest in becoming members after seeing the titles available. Then a representative from
library can go and complete the remaining formalities.
This application also allows library to send information regarding new arrivals and other schemes that are of interest to
members.
Allow users to search for titles based on language, casting etc. Feedback facility will allow users to rate movies.
Software Project Management
This intranet application allows project managers to get details of software projects that are currently being executed.
It stores information about programmers, projects, modules and elements. Each element is assigned to a programmer. A project
manager can handle more than one project at the same time.
It stores information regarding which modules, elements of each project are completed. It also allows project managers to asses
the ability of each programmer as estimated time and actual time taken for each element is recorded.
Only project managers can access this application through a username and password.
Web based Mail Agent
This applications allows user to receive mail, send mails, delete mails, display details of a mail etc. This application uses a mail
server and contact that server using SMTP and POP3 protocols or you can also use JavaMail API.
Provide a typical login screen that allows user to login and see inbox and other folder that belong to the user. Allow users to
send mails with attachments. All mails are to be either in HTML format or plain text.
Allow users to provide the address of SMTP and POP3 servers. So that this can be used to access different mail servers.
For testing purpose, you can use CMailServer as the mail server.
You can add other facilities like address book to this application.
References: yahoo.com, hotmail.com etc.

References:
Software Project Management
This intranet application allows project managers to get details of software projects that are currently being executed.
It stores information about programmers, projects, modules and elements. Each element is assigned to a programmer. A project
manager can handle more than one project at the same time.
It stores information regarding which modules, elements of each project are completed. It also allows project managers to asses
the ability of each programmer as estimated time and actual time taken for each element is recorded.

Only project managers can access this application through a username and password.
Internet Registration for Patients
This application is used by a clinic, which has different doctors having different consultation timings.
It provides details of doctors and their timings. Patients can register for consultation from Internet. Each doctor generally deals
with many regular patients (with their details stored in the system) and some new patients. For registered patients the
registration id must be provided at the time of registration so that doctor can get relevant details of the patient.
The same application should provide information to doctor to get the list of patients registered for a particular day and slot
( evening or morning). Each doctor access the details using his own username and password.
There should be an administrator account to add doctors, cancel slots, change timings etc. It should be a privileged account with
its own password.
Customer Support
This application is used to the company to record details regarding various installations, customer calls, customer support and
other details regarding the products being sold by the company.
As customer support is one of the main concerns, the company wants to have a detailed report of each activity related to
customer support. For example, it should record when a customer called to register the problem, when an engineer has attended
and the date and time at which the problem was solved.
If the problem needs new spare parts that are not in stores then an order for such parts must be made.
This is an intranet application used only by the customer support people of the company. This application can be accessed from
any branch of the company as it runs on company intranet.
Core Banking
This is an intranet application that allows bank branches to perform the operations such as opening account, closing
account,deposits, withdraws,balance enquires, and transaction enquires etc.
This application is to be operated by bank staff with approriate username and password.
Provide security based on the designation of the staff. For example, only manager can perform major operations such as closing
an account etc.
Internet Banking
This is an Internet based application, which is used by Account holders of the Bank.
Account holders interested in Internet banking would get appropriate username and password from Bank to access Internet
banking application.
Allow valid users to log in to get details of his/her account details, transaction details. Customer can also transfer amount from
their account to other accounts. Provide services such as cancellation of cheque, getting status of cheque, requesting for new
cheque book etc.
References: icici.com, onlinesbi.com
Utilities - Networking
FTP Client
Allow users to log on to their FTP account in the server to transfer files.
The interface should be user friendly and windows based. Provide options to overwrite existing files, listing files and other
directory related operations such as creating directory, removing directory etc. Provide popup menu for Cut, Copy, Paste
operations.
References : Cuteftp, SmartFtp
Download Manager
Provides users the facility to download large files from Internet. Provides resume support so that you don't have to download
entire file at once.
Provide GUI interface with windows application. Allow users to enter URL from where the content is to be downloaded.
Display the status of download. Also list out previous downloaded, jobs paused, canceled etc.
References : Get Right, Download Accelerator, Internet Download etc
Chat engine and client
Create a chat engine that runs on the server. It receives the connection request from client and allows each client to send
messages to server.

Server sends messages sent from client to all clients that are currently connected to server. Provide GUI using windows.
Allow users to see the list of users currently online and also allow users to have private chat with any of the online users.
Provide GUI interface with windows application. Allow users to enter URL from where the content is to be downloaded.
References : Yahoo Chat.
Applications - Database & XML
SQL Shell
Allow the users who have no idea about SQL to perform operations using simple GUI interface.
This can be done either with Web or Windows application.
Allow users to select tables, columns and conditions to be used to retrieve data. Allow insert, delete and update operations by
displaying existing data. For example, user should be allowed to see the current data and change data there itself.
Allow users to undo changes made until users makes changes permanent.
Provide a provision to create database objects like table and index. However, this is of use only to advanced users.
References : isql*plus from Oracle, Query Analyzer of MS SQL Server, Pointbase Console of PointBase.
XML Conversion
This project creates XML documents using data selected from Database. This should allow users to connect to the database of
their choice and convert whatever tables of database to XML.
Allow users to select columns and rows to be exported. User should specify the name and location of XML file to be created.
The same application should also provide facility to load data from XML file into a specific table and columns.
The user interface my be built with either Web or Windows.
1) Servlets,Servlet Filters,Listners.
2) Jsp, Jsp Beans,Custom tags.
3) Jdbc. Jndi
4) Declarative and Programmatic Authenctation & Authorization.
5) MVC Architecture
6) Struts Framework.
7) Declarative Exception Handling.
8) Modules Framework.
9) Tiles Framework.
10) Validator Framework.
11) Design Patterns.
12) Ant, Junit, Log4j,Eclipse.
13) Hibernate.
14) Spring.
15) Google App Engine
16)JavaScript
17)Ajax.
Important Servlet Interview Questions
1) Servlet Life Cycle?
2) How can you extract configuration information from web.xml inside your servlet?
3) How can you use ServletContext object to share information among servlets?
4) Difference between using response.sendRedirect() and requestDispatcher object for forwarding from one servlet to
another? Which one should be used and when?
5) What are the different ways to do session management in servlets?
6) How do u implement urlrewriting,hiddenfields,cookies and HttpSession objects?
7) How to send session identifier to client machine if cookie is disabled? Hints response.encodeURL() method.
8) What are the use of servlet filters.
9) Interfaces implemented to create a filter?
10) What is the difference between doFilter() method of Filter interface and doFilter() method of FilterChain interface?
11) How to use Servlet Listener to create a website counter, and how to use it to show how many users are online?
Important Jsp Interview Questions
1) Advantage of Jsp over Servlets.
2) Jsp Life Cycle?
3) Packages & Interfaces used When pagecompiler Servlet converts Jsp into Servlet?
4) What are Implicit Objects in Jsp?
5) What are the elements present in a jsp code apart from template data?
6) What are three types of directives used in jsp?

7) Difference between Scriptlet, Declarations and Expressions?

8) What are the different Action elements?
9) What is the difference between static include and dynamic include?
10)What are the different comments used in jsp?
11)What are the different scopes in which you can place bean objects?
12)When should we use Java Beans and when should we use custom tags?
List of questions asked
1.
Please talk about your experience and recent work at [Company Name]
2.
Explain the architecture of your project at [Company Name]
3.
What is Encapsulation
4.
What is the difference between Abstract Class and an Interface in Java
5.
When do you use an Abstract Class and when do you use an Interface
6.
How are constants defined in Abstract Class and in an Interface
7.
How are methods defined in an Interface
8.
Difference between equals() method and == in Java
9.
Can you explain the above with an example? [Interviewer probably not satisfied with the explanation given, so framed
his own example and asked for explanation]
10.
Example
int a = 5 ;
int b = 5 ;
what does a == b return ?
11.
Example
String a = Hello
String b= Hello
what does a.equals(b) return ?
what does a==b return?
12.
When do you overwrite equalsTo() method?
13.
What is type casting in java? Explain with an example
14.
What are checked and unchecked exceptions
15.
What happens if you dont catch checked exceptions
16.
If different complex objects are stored in a list how to find out type of object when it is retrieved from the list? [Answer
# using instanceOf keyword]
17.
What are Servlets?
18.
Explain lifecycle of a Servlet
19.
When is the Servlet destroy() method called?
20.
What is ServletRequest and ServletResponse?
21.
What are different methods available in above the classes?
22.
What is JSP?
23.
How do you declare JSPs?
24.
Explain lifecycle of JSP
25.
What can be done with JSP that can not be done with Servlets and vice-a-versa?
26.
How good are you with SQL and what version of DB did you use recently?
27.
What is an index in RDBMS?
28.
What is a primary key?
29.
What is a unique key?
30.
What is the difference between primary key and unique key?
31.
What is your experience in using Spring Framework?
32.
How did you use Dependency Injection in your project? Can you explain in detail?
33.
What are the different types of injections that Spring support?
34.
What are the different bean scopes in Spring?
List of questions asked
1.
What are final, finally and finalize keywords in Java?
2.
Is the following possible? Why?
3.
Class Car {
4.
String engine;
5.
String parts;
6.
//getters and setters
7.
}
8.
9.
In some other class I want to say ...
10.
final Car car = new Car();
11.
car.setEngine();

3.
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car.setParts();
Do you know what is AJAX? How and when did you use it?
Does AJAX support HTTP GET or HTTP POST?
Have you used both? In which framework? [Answer # the candidate mentioned he used it with jQuery]
Do you what is JSON?
How did you use it? [exaplained w.r.t jQuery]
Can methods in interface be private methods?
Explain why?
What is the difference between static synchronized methods and non-static synchronized methods?
If you were to store all the license plates from Chicago into a Collection, what Collection would you use? [interviewer
was expecting me to answer the purpose of storing etc so I can choose best collection]
Can you tell me at least 2 implementation of Set Interface?
What is the difference between HashSet and TreeSet?
What is preemptive scheduling and time slicing?
Do you know Big O notations?
Difference between ArrayList and LinkedList?
Who will perform the JUnit Tests in your team?
When do you perform JUnit Tests?
Do you know what is JUnit Test Coverage?
Do you know any Test Coverage Tools?
What is Dependency Injection and Inversion of Control?
What type of DI does Spring Framework support?
Do you know what is method injection?
Is method injection supported by Spring framework?
What is Application Context?
What are the different bean scopes in Spring?
Can you explain Prototype bean scope in Spring?
28. Can you mark the interface methods as synchronized?
29. Difference between Checked and Unchecked Exceptions?
30. What are equal() and hashcode() methods in Java? Why do you need them?
31. If you were to design exception handling for a web application or any java application, what would be your approach?
32. Do you know what is Test Driven Development [TDD]? Have you used it? Can you explain the process?
33. Difference between Abstract Class and an Interface? Which gives you performance and why?
34. How do you debug a SQL query?
35. Can you explain the Architecture of your previous project?
36. Why do you need ORM frameworks?
37. What key points would you consider when you were asked to migrate a JDBC based persistence to Hibernate based
approach?
38. Advantages and disadvantages of Hibernate?
39. Java 1.5 new features? What have you used so far? What is your favorite one?
40. What are Web Services and why do you need them?
41. Difference between SOAP and REST based web services?
42. Agile Methodologies SCRUM?
43. What is the default bean scope in Spring Framework?
44. Can you have more than one Spring Application Context?
45. Does Spring create a single bean instance when you declare a Bean class twice with different Ids?
46. What is MVC?
47. Struts vs Spring MVC?
48. Explain One-to-One and Many-to-One mapping in Hibernate?
49. List some of the linux/unix commands that you used on a daily basis?
50. What is ps command?
51. How to kill a process in linux?
52. Commands to check IO, CPU and Memory utilization in linux?
53. What are some of the features of Spring Framework?
54. Spring Transactions annotation syntax, AOP, roll-back annotation syntax?
55. In a distributed transaction, let us say you have a method that is calling 3 different methods one that updates database,
second that updates file and third that update a database again. If the second database operation fails, how does
transaction roll-back works in this case?
56. What is the difference between HashMap and Treemap?
57. What are checked and unchecked exceptions?
58. Can you tell me the Exception class hierarchy (top-down specifically)?
59. What are the different ways of soring a list?

60.
61.
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91.
92.
93.
94.
95.

How can you sort a list with complex objects?

Have you used Hibernate?
What are the difference object states in Hibernate?
What is Hibernate N + 1 problem?
Any experience with Web Services?
Have you used REST based Web Services?
Difference between XHTML and HTML?
Do you know CSS?
Do you know Javascript?
What Javascript frameworks have you used?
Have you used JSON?
Where exactly did you use JSON?
Do you know AJAX?
Have you used jQuery with AJAX?
How did you use JSON and where?
What kind of work have you done in the front-end?
Are you a front-end developer or a back-end developer?
Given a chance, can you work only on front-end?
Difference between REST and SOAP based Web Services?
Have you used Spring?
What modules did you use in Spring?
How did you use JSON in Java?
What JSON API did you use?
Do you know what is TypeMash?
Do you know what is Tiles Framework?
What design patterns have you used? Can you explain any one in detail?
How can you sort a list?
Have you used a Java Comparator ?
What is an Abstract Class? What is an Interface?
When do you use an Abstract Class and When do you use an Interface?
Can you create instances of an Abstract Class?
What is the difference between StringBuffer and StringBuilder?
What is Strategy Pattern?
What is a Builder Pattern?
What is the difference between function overloading and overriding?
Can you please explain little bit about your technical background, skill set, years of experience in each technology, your
current project, role and day to day activities
96. Did you use any framework for AJAX?
97. Can you explain how to make AJAX calls with jQuery?
98. What data format have you used to exchange data between client and server while using jQuery?
99. Explain a real-time scenario where you have used AJAX?
100. What is your experience with Front-end Frameworks?
101. How familiar are you with Spring MVC Framework?
102. Can you explain your Web Architecture on how you are using Spring MVC and what are the different layers?
103. Have you used any Transactions?
104. What are Spring Transactions and how did you use them in your project?
105. What is your experience with Hibernate ?
106. If you were to integrate Hibernate into an existing project what are the high-level steps to do so?
107. What other modules of Spring have you worked?
108. When and Where did you used Spring Batch and Spring Integration Frameworks?
109. Explain the module that used Spring Batch and how did you use it?
110. What you ever configured Spring Batch for multi-threading?
111. What is lazy loading and when you do used lazy loading in Hibernate?
112. How do you enable lazy loading in Hibernate?
113. Have you ever encountered LazyInitializationException ?
114. What are the different ways to resolve LazyInitializationException in Hibernate?
115. What is your experience with Application Servers?
116. Do you know how to configure a DataSource in WebSphere or JBoss Application Server?
117. What is your experience with SQL?
118. Can you talk more about Spring Batch from a configuration perspective?
119. Can you talk about Custom Column Mappers in Spring Batch
120. Have you ever used Messaging in your application?

121. Can you explain a module where you have used Messaging in your application?
122. Are you more a front-end person or a back-end person?
123. Do you have experience working with an off-shore team?
124. What motivates you to work?
125. How are Exceptions handled in your application?
126. Have you used AOP?
127. Have you used Web Services?
128. What are some of the Design Patterns you have used recently?
129. What your used any ESB [Enterprise Service Bus]?
130. On Java side, did you used any API for JSON conversion?
131. How did you integrate Jackson with Spring MVC?
Over all interviewer focused on the following topics
Spring Framework
Spring MVC
Spring Batch
JMS
Explain about your current project? What technologies they have used and why is your role in the project?
Explain architecture of your project.
How many years of experience do you have in hibernate, struts, SQL, web services?
How did you use web services in your project?
Do you know how to create and consume web services?
How do your rate yourself with SQL?
Can you write really complex queries?
Have you done any SQL performance tuning? What methods have to used?
What is the difference between hibernate load and get ?
What are proxies in hibernate ?
Is your web application deployed in single JVM?
How are transactions handled within your web application?
Any experience writing custom tag libraries?
Any experience with workflow model or BPM?
How do you generate hibernate mapping files?
Have you ever used any tools to generate mapping files?
1.
Can you briefly explain your current project and your technical skills and your role in the project?
2.
What are final, finally and finalize keywords in Java?
3.
What is a Factory Design Pattern?
4.
What other Design Patterns have you used in Java?
5.
What is the process to persist data in Java?
6.
What are Joins in SQL?
7.
Can you explain Left Outer Join in SQL?
8.
Lets assume you are trying to connect to database using Hibernate, can you briefly explain the steps?
9.
What are different types of injections in Spring?
10.
What is WSDL?
11.
What is PortType in WSDL?
12.
Can you explain the structure of a SOAP Message?
13.
What are different aggregation types in UML?
14.
What is SQL injection?
And some general discussion on the projects and technologies. Over all interviewer focused on the following topics
Core Java
Web Services
SQL
Hibernate
UML
This was a telephonic interview and the candidate was asked the following questions
1.
Can you briefly explain your technical skill set and your experience with different Java Frameworks, especially with
Spring and Hibernate ?
2.
Can you explain your current project and the technology stack used ?
3.
On what design patterns is Spring Framework built? Can you briefly explain them?
4.
What are benefits of IoC?
5.
What are different benefits of Spring Framework?
6.
Have you worked on any other Spring Modules other then Spring Core?
7.
What are the features of Spring Framework?
8.
What is AOP ?

9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.

Have you used AOP in your current project?

What is the difference between Bean Factory and Application Context?
Can you explain Bean life cycle in Spring Bean Factory Container?
What is auto-wiring?
What are different types of auto wiring in Spring?
What are different Bean scopes in Spring?
What are differences between J2EE and Spring Framework? [Interviewer actually intended to ask differences between
EJB Container and Spring Container]
16.
What is JDBCTemplate in Spring?
17.
What are the steps to integrate Spring with Hibernate?
18.
What is the difference between regular JDBC exceptions and Spring JDBCTemplate exceptions?
Most of the questions were focused on Spring and Hibernate Framework because Interviewer clearly mentioned that they are
looking for a candidate who can help them with project that is going to be primarily built on Spring and Hibernate Frameworks.
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What is the difference between Method Overloading and Method Overriding?

What is the difference between Runtime Exception and Compile Time Exception?
What is a checked exception? What is an un-cheked exception?
Do Java support Multiple Inheritance? If yes, how?
What is a Marker Interface? Give an example.
What is the difference between JRE, JDK and JVM?
Explain the visibility of 4 types of access modifiers Public, Protected, Default, Private?
Can a class constructor be private? If yes, why do we need such constructors?
What is a wrapper class?
What is an immutable object?
Can we declare a variable inside an interface? If yes, then what should be the variables modifiers?
What is an Abstract Class?
What is coupling and cohesion?
What is type-casting?
What is the default value of a char variable?
What is the difference between Bitwise AND and Logical AND operator?
How do you iterate through a HashMap?
What are the advantages of using ArrayList<String> over String Array (String[]) ?
What is Generics?
What is Reflection?
What is Auto-Boxing?
How are Javadoc comments different from normal comments?
What is a Object Factory Method?
What is Var Args?
Is it possible to write a try block without catch?