Works Cited

Primary Sources
"The 38th Parallel." Schmoop. Schmoop University, 1950. Web. 24 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.shmoop.com/korean-war/photo-38th-parallel.html>. This is a photo
of United Nations forces at the 38th parallel, retreating back to the south from
Pyongyang. It was used in the page for the Korean War.
"American Soldiers." Schmoop. Schmoop University, 1950. Web. 11 Dec. 2014.
<http://www.shmoop.com/korean-war/photo-american-soldiers.html>. This is a photo of
US soldiers sent to Korea for the war. This was used in the page for the Korean War.
"American Soldiers with a Bazooka at the Battle of Osan." Schmoop. Schmoop University, 1950.
Web. 11 Dec. 2014. <http://www.shmoop.com/korean-war/photo-battle-osan.html>. This
is a photo of US soldiers, during the Korean War, carrying a bazooka. This photo was
used in the Korean War page.
"An Attack by the U.S. on Railroads near Wonsan, North Korea." Schmoop. Schmoop
University, 1950. Web. 11 Dec. 2014. <http://www.shmoop.com/korean-war/photoattacking-railroads.html>. This is a photo of an explosion caused the US military forces
in North Korea during the Korean War. This was used in the page for the Korean War.
"Brigadier General Choi." Kido Kwan Martial Art International. N.p., 1952. Web. 9 Dec. 2014.
<http://www.kidokwan.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/GEN-CHOI-52.jpg>. This is a
photo of younger Choi Hong Hi when he was a brigadier. It was used for leadership
pages.
"Child at Inchon." Schmoop. Schmoop University, 1950. Web. 11 Dec. 2014.
<http://www.shmoop.com/korean-war/photo-child-at-inchon.html>. This is photo that

shows a different side of the Korean war; a lone child sitting in a dirt street. This was
used in the page for the Korean War.
Choi, Hong-Hi. Interview by Maria Heron. British United Taekwon-Do Federation. N.p., 12
Nov. 1999. Web. 14 Oct. 2014.
<http://www.butf.com/InterviewwithGeneralChoiHongHi.htm>. This interview provided
by the British United Taekwon-Do Federation questions Choi Hong Hi on what his
original purposes and meaning for the martial art was. This interview provided
background on both Taekwondo and the man who founded it.
- - -. "Interview Generaal Choi, Hong Hi." Interview by Kimm. Taekwon-Do School
Martowirono. N.p., 1 Aug. 1998. Web. 14 Oct. 2014. <http://www.tkdweb.nl/taekwondo/interview-generaal-choi-hong-hi/>. This interview of Choi Hong Hi is about his life
with the focus on him and not the martial art. It provides very detailed and valuable
information is chronological order. Note: The home page is in Dutch but the interview is
not.
"Choi, Hong Hi." Kido Kwan Martial Art International. N.p., Dec. 1985. Web. 4 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.kidokwan.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/gen-art.jpg>. This source is a
photograph of Choi Hong Hi and the symbol of ITF underneath him. It was used in
showing Choi Hong Hi as the founder of the International Taekwondo Federation.
Goldman, Ari L. "Choi Hong Hi, 83, Korean General Who Created Tae Kwon Do." New York
Times [New York] 22 June 2002, Late Edition (East Coast) ed.: n. pag. ProQuest. Web.
30 Oct. 2014. This is an obituary provided from Proquest written in 2002 by The New
York Times.

"Japanese Flag Lowered during the Surrender Ceremony at the General Government Building."
World War II Database. N.p., 9 Sept. 1945. Web. 13 Nov. 2014.
<http://ww2db.com/image.php?image_id=2144>. This is a photo graph of the Japanese
flag being lowered in surrender at the end of World War II. This was used on the page on
World War II.
"Korean comfort women in US custody at the end of WWII." The Revolving Floor. the
Revolving Floor, 1945. Web. 5 Nov. 2014.
<http://images.revolvingfloor.com/issues/3/Korean-comfort-women-WWII.jpg>. This is
an photo of Korean "comfort women". This was used on the Japanese Occupation page as
an example of what the Japanese did to Koreans when they colonized.
Kristof, Nicholas D. "Japan Apologizes Forcefully for Its Occupation of Korea." ProQuest. N.p.:
n.p., 1998. N. pag. ProQuest. Web. 5 Nov. 2014.
<http://search.proquest.com/docview/431064307/7C56441A73514403PQ/7?
accountid=37394>. This is a newspaper article from 1998 when Japanese Prime Minister
Keizo Obuchi publicly apologized for what the Japanese did during occupation of Korea.
This was used on the page on Japanese occupation.
"Lieutenant Choi Hong-hi." Kido Kwan Martial Art International. N.p., 1946. Web. 9 Dec. 2014.
This is a photo of Choi Hong Hi when he was lieutenant in the Korean Army. This photo
was used in the the military achievements page.
"Mr. A Rhee, Master R. Choy, Gen. Choi Hong Hi, Grandmaster Rhee Ki Ha, Master T. Wolf &
Mr. A Pantelli." British United Taekwon-Do Federation. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Oct. 2014.
<http://www.butf.com/images/interv1.jpg>. This is a picture taken at the time of an

interview of Choi Hong Hi. It was used as a primary source as it was taken at the time of
the interview of him.
Newcomer, Ed. General Choi's Last Seminar. YouTube. YouTube, Apr. 2002. Web. 20 Dec. 2014.
This is a video clip of a seminar led by Choi Hong Hi teaching about a counter attack for
a reverse hooking kick. This is an example of one of the many seminars he led to teach
Taekwondo globally. This source was used on the "Going Global" page.
"South Korean Soldiers." Schmoop. Schmoop University, 1950. Web. 11 Dec. 2014.
<http://www.shmoop.com/korean-war/photo-s-korea-soldiers.html>. This source is a
photo of South Korean soldiers with an army tank for the war. This was used for the page
on the Korean War.

Secondary Sources
A barbed wire divider. Kobadar DayZ Blog. Blogger, n.d. Web. 1 Mar. 2015.
<http://kodabar.blogspot.com/2012/05/dayz-offline-single-player-practice.html>. This
was an image of barbed wire as a divider. It was used on the "Teaching in Prison" page.
Beyonce - I Was Here (Lyrics). YouTube. YouTube, 21 July 2012. Web. 21 Dec. 2014.
<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RDUjA0fN4o>. This is a video of Beyonce's song
"I Was Here" used for the page on legacy.
"Biography General Choi Hong Hi." International Taekwon-Do Federation. N.p., n.d. Web. 17
Oct. 2014. <http://itfline.org/home/about-taekwondo/choi-hong-hi/>. This short
biography on General Choi Hong Hi was provided by the International Taekwon-Do
Federation which was founded by he himself. It provided brief information about his time

in an imprisonment camp and his the relation between his military career and the spread
of the martial art.
Choi Hong Hi blocking a double side kick. TKDcup. Stance Systems, n.d. Web. 20 Dec. 2014.
<http://www.tkdcup.com/taekwondo.html>. This is a photo of Choi Hong Hi
demonstrating a jumping double block to two people executing jumping double kicks.
This photo was used in the banner for leadership.
"The Expansion and Modernization of Japan." South African History Online. N.p., n.d. Web. 4
Dec. 2014. <http://v1.sahistory.org.za/pages/hands-onclassroom/classroom/pages/projects/grade11/lesson9/Images/japanese
%20imperialism.jpg>. This is a map of Japan's widespread imperialism. It was used in
the Japanese Occupation page.
The front page headline of the day the Japan-Korea Annexation treaty was signed, translated into
english and modern terms. The Japan Times. The Japan Times LTD., n.d. Web. 11 Nov.
2014. <http://jto.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/fl20100822x1a.jpg>.
This is a photograph of the headline in 1910 of Japan Times newspaper of when the
Annexation was signed translated into today's vernacular. It was used in the Japanese
Occupation page.
General Choi Hong Hi represented as the International Taekwondo Federation president. ITF
Hungary. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Nov. 2014. <http://taekwon-do.hu/engbemutatkozas.html>.
This is a photograph of General Choi Hong Hi represented as the president of the
International Taekwondo Federation. It was used on the home page banner.
"Harry S. Truman Quotes." BrainyQuote. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Mar. 2015.
<http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/h/harry_s_truman.html>. This page

provides multiple quotes said by President Harry S. Truman. His quotes were used in
multiple pages on background information.
"History." World Taekwondo Federation. World Taekwondo Federation, n.d. Web. 19 Oct. 2014.
<http://www.wtf.org/wtf_eng/site/about_wtf/history.html#4>. This webpage is a timeline
from the 1970's to mid 2000's on events that affected World Taekwondo Federation's
history. It provided more than 30 different dates on national meetings and key milestones
that represent the progress that made the largest taekwondo federation what it is today.
"International Taekwondo Federation." Legacy Taekwondo Center. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.taekwondo-thelegacy.com/Pages/default.aspx>. This is a photograph of the
logo of the International Taekwondo Federation. It was used on the leadership banner.
"ITF Logo." Google. Google, n.d. Web. 16 Dec. 2014. <http://www.google.com/search?
q=itf&es_sm=122&biw=1600&bih=799&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=vJCQVM
v1OY_bsASJ_4HwCQ&ved=0CAYQ_AUoAQ#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=BrYCN7Ia4
6dUPM%253A%3B5CRG9TzTy51UnM%3Bhttp%253A%252F
%252Fwww.bolyantaekwondo.in%252Fwp-content%252Fgallery%252Fanti
%252Fitf.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.bolyantaekwondo.in%252F
%3B1000%3B996>. This is an image of the logo of the International Taekwondo
Federation. It was used on the ITF page.
Kim, Charlie. E-mail interview. 27 Feb. 2015. This interview took place on February 27th of
2015 via Email. Multiple questions were asked on Mr. Charlie Kim's, a master and owner
of a Taekwondo school, opinion on Choi Hong Hi and the effect of Taekwondo
worldwide.

"Korea Under Japanese Rule." Country Studies. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Nov. 2014.
<http://countrystudies.us/south-korea/7.htm>. A webpage with information of the
Japanese occupation of Korea. This was used for the background information on the
context of Choi Hong Hi's time period.
"Militarism and WW2 (1912 - 1945)." Japan-Guide.com. japan-guide.com, n.d. Web. 11 Nov.
2014. <http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2129.html>. This is a website on Japan's actions
leading up to World War 2. It was used for the page on World War 2.
National Anthem of South Korea - "???" ("Aegukga"). YouTube. YouTube, n.d. Web. 1 Mar.
2015. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OaIpn6Oo9FU>. This is a video including the
lyrics and sound of the national anthem of Korea, recognized in both the North and
South. It was used on the page for the Korean War.
"North and South Korean Flag." The Guardian. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Dec. 2014.
<http://static.guim.co.uk/sysimages/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2012/7/26/1343304054893/North-and-South-Korean-fl008.jpg>. This is a image of a combined flag of the current North Korean and South
Korean flags. It was used in the banner for the historical context page.
"North Korea Demands Apology, Reparations from Japan over Colonization." CNN World. Cable
News Network, 22 Aug. 2010. Web. 5 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/asiapcf/08/22/nkorea.japan.apology/>. This is an
article on North Korea's demands for more apologies from Japan for the colonization. It
provides a picture that is used in the Japanese Occupation page.
"A Origem Do Taekwon-Do" ["The Origin of Taekwon-do"]. The Way of Fist and Feet.
WordPress, 13 Jan. 2013. Web. 9 Oct. 2014.

<http://ocaminhodospesepunhos.wordpress.com/2013/01/13/a-origem-do-taekwon-do/>.
A post or article, originally in Spanish, about how Choi Hong Hi created modern day
taekwondo and how he did so. The article provides information on the background
history of Choi Hong Hi and Korea;around early to mid 1950's.
"The Origins of Taekwondo." World Class Martial Arts. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Oct. 2014.
<http://www.uswcma.com/2013/07/29/origins/>. This article provided more on the
history of the the martial art before it officially became modern day taekwondo such as a
brief history of the 3 kingdoms of Korea and Silla's Hwarang warriors. The last paragraph
on modern taekwondo provided key dates on which large milestones of the World
Taekwondo Federation (WTF) took place.
Suh, Dorothea. "Korean Martial Arts: Taekwondo (???)." The Korea Blog. N.p., 5 Sept. 2013.
Web. 15 Oct. 2014. <http://blog.korea.net/?p=17156>. The Korea Blog's post on
Taekwondo is written on the sport's conduct, meaning, and terms. The provided terms
consisted of the morals and curriculum which was used to explain the sport.
"tae kwon do." Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Web. 19 Oct. 2014.
<http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/580146/tae-kwon-do>. Encyclopedia
Britannica Online provided a concrete, global definition of the martial art "tae kwon do".
It also provided what techniques are used in sparring and forms.
"Tae Kwon Do." Merriam-Webster. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Merriam-Webster.com. Web. 2 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/tae%20kwon%20do>. This source is an
entry in the online version of the Merriam-Webster dictionary. The definition was used on
the front page of the website along with how it sounds phonically.

"Taekwon-Do." Sport-Kid.net. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Mar. 2015. <http://sport-kid.net/taekwondokorean-symbol.html>. This is an image of "taekwondo" in Korean. This was use on the
cover page of the website.
"Taekwondo History." World Taekwondo Federation. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Oct. 2014.
<http://www.worldtaekwondofederation.net/taekwondo-history>. This webpage is
provided by the official World Taekwondo Federation (WTF) and consists of the history
or Taekwondo from its origins to modern day. The entire webpage provided plenty of
information about the original fighting techniques, the start of the martial art during
Japanese colonization, and an explaination modern day's popularity of the sport.
"Tae Kwon-Do written in Korean characters (Han'gul)." Gemini Tae Kwon-Do. WordPress, n.d.
Web. 1 Mar. 2015. <http://www.geminitkd.co.uk/wordpress/about/tkd>. From this page
was a quote from Choi Hong Hi, "Tae kwon-Do is an art of self-defence which aims at
a noble moral rearmament, high degree of intellectual achievement, graceful techniques,
formidable power and beauty of physical form, it can (therefore) be considered as a part
of ones daily life, just as are breathing and thinking." This quote was used in the cover
page of the website.
"Text of the Korean War Armistice Agreement." FindLaw. Thomson Reuters, n.d. Web. 1 Mar.
2015. <http://news.findlaw.com/cnn/docs/korea/kwarmagr072753.html>. This web paged
served to provide the text of the Korean Armistice Agreement. The preamble was used in
the Korean War page.