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Contraception Ni Jelo
Contraception Ni Jelo
The pill is a prescription method of birth control. It consists of a month-long series of pills
containing synthetic hormones progesterone with or without estrogen (without is the mini pill)
that are taken every day.
Why Take It?
To Thicken the cervical mucus to make it harder for the sperm and egg to meet
To thin uterine lining to hinder egg implantation in the uterus if egg fertilization occurs
How Is It Used?
A pill must be taken every day. Generally, the pills taken during the first three weeks of the
month contain hormones, while the pills taken during the fourth week contain no hormones,
allowing you to have a menstrual period.
For most effective use, it is best to take each pill at the same time of day, such as each
morning when you wake up or before bed if you have a consistent bed time.
If pills are begun too late in the course of the menstrual cycle
For the really low-dose pills, even if you are half-day late taking the pills
MALE CONDOM
A male condom is a thin sheath that covers the penis during intercourse and is made of one of the
following materials:
Rubber (latex)
Lambskin
Male condoms can vary greatly in color, size, and amount of lubrication and spermicide.
The male condom protects against sexually transmitted infection (STI) and pregnancy by covering
the penis and preventing direct contact between the penis and vagina, as well as collecting the semen
and preventing it from entering the vagina.
How is it used?
The male condom is rolled over the erect or hardened penis and prevents against direct contact
between the penis and vagina. The condom must be removed before the erection ends or the sperm
can leak out. Use the condom once only, then throw it in the garbage. Do not flush it down the toilet.
Does It Protect Against STIs?
Yes. The latex condoms can protect against STIs including HIV. Testing of the plastic, polyurethane
condoms suggests that they also protect against infections; however, this is not definite. Lambskin
condoms do not protect against HIV and other STIs.
FEMALE CONDOM
The only female condom available is marketed as the FC2 Female Condom. It is a synthetic nitrile
sheath with one flexible polyurethane ring at each end. Its open ring remains outside the vagina,
whereas its closed internal ring is fitted under the symphysis like a diaphragm. The female condom
can be used with both water-based and oil-based lubricants. Male condoms should not be used
concurrently because simultaneous use may cause friction that leads to condom slipping, tearing,
and displacement. Following use, the female condom outer ring should be twisted to seal the condom
so that no semen spills. As an added value, in vitro tests have shown the female condom to be
impermeable to HIV and other STDs.
The female condom is a lubricated polyurethane sheath/pouch that has two ends. One end is closed
and one is open, with flexible rings at each end. It protects against pregnancy by catching the sperm
in the pouch and preventing it from entering the vagina.
How Is It Used?
The closed end of the condom is placed inside the vagina (the ring holds the pouch in place), while
the open end stays outside the vaginal opening.
1. Lubricate the closed end (part with the small ring).
2. Squeeze the sides of the ring at the closed end together and insert the pouch into the vagina
like a tampon.
3. Insert the ring into the vagina until it can't go any farther (when it has reached the cervix).
4. Remove fingers from the vagina, allowing the large ring of the open end to hang outside of
the vagina.
5. To remove the condom, squeeze the ring located outside of the vagina, twist and pull,
ensuring that the semen remains inside of the pouch. Throw the condom away in the garbage
(do not flush)
Like
the
male
condom,
the
female
condom
is
intended
for
one-time
use
CERVICAL CAP
only.
A cervical cap is a soft rubber cap with a round rim that fits around your cervix. The only cervical
cap available in the United States is the FemCap, a non-hormonal latex-free contraceptive device
made of silicone rubber, a non-allergenic easy to clean material.
How Is It Used?
The cap is placed inside the vagina to cover the cervix. It is recommended that spermicide be added
in the rim of the FemCap to increase the effectiveness of this method.
The cervical cap acts by blocking the entrance to the uterus; the spermicide acts by killing and
immobilizing the sperm, preventing it from fertilizing the egg.
The cervical cap must be left in place for at least six hours after last intercourse before removing.
Does It Protect Against STIs?
NO! The cervical cap protects against certain STIs, including gonorrhea and chlamydia, but does not
protect against others such as HIV and herpes.
Does It Protect Against Pregnancy?
Yes. The chances of getting pregnant while using a cervical cap are:
INTRAUTERINE DEVICE
(IUD)
An Intrauterine Device (IUD) is a T-shaped, plastic device
inserted into the uterus by a health care professional. There
are two types of IUDs available:
1. Copper, which can remain in place for 10 to 12 years.
2. Progesterone (natural female sex hormone); two
types:
o
IUDs prevent pregnancy by inhibiting fertilization of the egg. Although not entirely known, it is
believed that the IUDs affect the way the sperm and egg move and/or affect the lining of the uterus to
prevent
implantation
of
the
egg.
IUDs are recommended for women in long-term mutually monogamous relationships, such that the
risk of getting a sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is low.
How Is It Used?
The IUD is inserted into the uterine cavity by a health care provider, usually during menstruation
when it is easier to insert. The string at the end of the IUD will hang down through the cervix a
short distance into the vagina and should be checked periodically (especially after menstruation).
How Is It Inserted?
The IUD is inserted during an office visit. It is placed into the uterus through the cervix. The patient
is placed on the table just like she is going to have a Pap smear. A speculum is inserted, like with a
Pap smear.
The area that the brush touches when you have a pap smear is your cervix. The IUD is inserted in
through the cervix up about 1 inch into your uterus. This is moderately painful, like bad cramping.
I usually ask people to take two Tylenol or ibuprofen before they come in for the procedure. After
that, the string is cut and the speculum is removed.
Does It Protect Against STIs?
No! Unfortunately, using an IUD does not protect you against any STIs.
Does It Protect Against Pregnancy?
Yes. The chances of getting pregnant while using an IUD is:
During a typical monthly cycle, a woman first has a few days of menstrual bleeding, followed by a few
"dry days" when the vagina seems quite dry and no mucus is present. Closer to the time of ovulation
she starts to have more wetness or mucus. As ovulation approaches, the mucus becomes clear and
slippery and stretches without breaking, like a raw egg white. The last day of peak wetness is right
before ovulation, then come days of less mucus. If any is noticed it will be cloudy.
Using the Ovulation-Mucus Method for Birth Control
The ovulation method, or mucus method, requires that a woman be aware of what is taking place in
her body. Any time the slippery stretchy mucus is noticed, intercourse should be avoided until two
days after it is all gone about eight days out of each cycle. Mucus should not be checked right
before or after sex, as semen and natural sexual lubricating moisture can be confused with cervical
mucus.
Benefits and Limitations of the Ovulation-Mucus Method
The ovulation-mucus method is easy to use and costs nothing. It is a good adjunct to other natural
methods as it provides a cross-check for signs of fertility. Used alone it is not as effective as other
methods of fertility awareness, which is why is it often paired with the sympto-thermal method.
A newer, easier version of the ovulation-mucus method is the TwoDay Method, which uses a similar
technique. The ovulation-mucus is not a good choice for women who feel uncomfortable touching their
bodies or who have reproductive tract infections that can obscure the signs of fertility.
SYMPTOTHERMAL METHOD
The Symptothermal Method combines changes in cervical
mucusonset of fertile period; changes in basal body
temperatureend of fertile period; and calculations to
estimate the time of ovulation. This method is more
complex to learn and apply, but it does not appreciably
improve efficacy.
The sympto-thermal method of natural birth control
involves determining the few days out of a woman's
menstrual cycles when conception can occur, and then
avoiding sexual intercourse on those days. This method involves determining this fertile time in two
ways: based on a woman's basal body temperature (it rises after ovulation) and by recording other
fertility cues (such as mood and cervical secretions). The name "sympto-thermal" method, comes from
body cues (i.e. symptoms) and a woman's temperature (i.e. thermal or thermometer).
How It Works: The Thermo Part
The sympto-thermal method requires that a woman take her temperature every morning before she
gets out of bed and record the reading. Depending on where she is in her menstrual cycle, there will
be slight variations in her temperature. These variations are most easily measured with a special
thermometer that has a range of only a few degrees, known as a basal thermometer
Before ovulation, the temperature is likely to be between 97.2 and 97.4 degrees F. After ovulation, it
will rise by at least 0.5 degrees and is often above 98 degrees F. When the temperature stays elevated
for at least three days, a woman may assume she has already ovulated. Intercourse for the rest of the
cycle will not result in pregnancy. To determine the infertile time before ovulation, a woman needs to
look at her pattern of previous cycles. Her last "safe" day is one week before the earliest recorded day
of temperature rise, or 5 days after the first day of her period.
How It Works: The Sympto Part
By recording other cyclic symptoms, in addition to basal temperatures, the infertile time before
ovulation can be more accurately predicted Cervical mucus and firmness, mid-cycle cramping, breast
sensitivity, and mood swings are all symptoms which give insight into the progression of a woman's
cycle. With careful monitoring, it is not difficult to predict your fertile period, when intercourse is to
be avoided.
Intercourse during the time before ovulation is less safe than the time after ovulation because sperm
have been known to live up to six days. For this reason, some couples choose to have sex only after
the fertile period. This practice, known as the post-ovulatory temperature method, is the most
effective of all natural methods, with a failure rate of only 1% among perfect users. However, it is not
recommended because it requires a very long period of abstinence.