3/2/2015

Loader(equipment)Wikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

Loader(equipment)
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

Aloader(bucketloader,frontloader,frontendloader,payloader,scoop,
shovel,skiploader,orwheelloader)isaheavyequipmentmachineusedin
constructionandsidewalkmaintenancetomoveasideorloadmaterialssuchas
asphalt,demolitiondebris,dirt,snow,feed,gravel,logs,rawminerals,recycled
material,rock,sand,woodchips,etc.intoorontoanothertypeofmachinery(such
asadumptruck,conveyorbelt,feedhopper,orrailroadcar).

Contents
1Description
2Armoredwheelloaders

VolvoL120Efrontloader

3Tractorfrontloaders
4Compactfrontendloaders
5Skidloaders&trackloaders
6Swingloaders
7Gallery
8Seealso
8.1Notablemanufacturers
9References
10Externallinks

Description
Aloaderisatypeoftractor,usuallywheeled,sometimesontracks,thathasafront
mountedsquarewidebucketconnectedtotheendoftwobooms(arms)toscoopuploose
materialfromtheground,suchasdirt,sandorgravel,andmoveitfromoneplaceto
anotherwithoutpushingthematerialacrosstheground.Aloaderiscommonlyusedto
moveastockpiledmaterialfromgroundlevelanddeposititintoanawaitingdumptruck
orintoanopentrenchexcavation.
Theloaderassemblymaybearemovableattachmentorpermanentlymounted.Oftenthe
bucketcanbereplacedwithotherdevicesortoolsforexample,manycanmountforksto
liftheavypalletsorshippingcontainers,andahydraulicallyopening"clamshell"bucket
allowsaloadertoactasalightdozerorscraper.Thebucketcanalsobeaugmentedwith
deviceslikeabalegrapplerforhandlinglargebalesofhayorstraw.
Largeloaders,suchastheKawasaki95ZV2,JohnDeere844K,Caterpillar950H,Volvo
L120E,Case921E,orHitachiZW310usuallyhaveonlyafrontbucketandarecalled
FrontLoaders,whereassmallloadertractorsareoftenalsoequippedwithasmall
backhoeandarecalledbackhoeloadersorloaderbackhoesorJCBs,afterthecompany
thatfirstclaimedtohaveinventedthem.OthercompanieslikeCASEinAmericaand
WhitlockintheUKhadbeenmanufacturingExcavatorLoaderswellbeforeJCB.

LoaderremovingsnowinJyvskyl,Finland.

ThelargestloaderintheworldisLeTourneauL2350.Currentlytheselargeloadersarein
productionintheLongview,Texasfacility.TheL2350usesadieselelectricpropulsion
systemsimilartothatusedinalocomotive.Eachrubbertiredwheelisdrivenbyitsown
independentelectricmotor.
Loadersareusedmainlyforloadingmaterialsintotrucks,layingpipe,clearingrubble,and
digging.Aloaderisnotthemostefficientmachinefordiggingasitcannotdigverydeep
belowthelevelofitswheels,likeabackhoecan.Thecapacityofaloaderbucketcanbe
anywherefrom0.5to36m3[1]dependinguponthesizeofthemachineanditsapplication.
Thefrontloader'sbucketcapacityisgenerallymuchbiggerthanabucketcapacityofa
backhoeloader.

Atrackloader

Unlikemostbulldozers,mostloadersarewheeledandnottracked,althoughtrackloadersarecommon.Theyaresuccessfulwheresharpedged
materialsinconstructiondebriswoulddamagerubberwheels,orwherethegroundissoftandmuddy.Wheelsprovidebettermobilityand
speedanddonotdamagepavedroadsasmuchastracks,butprovidelesstraction.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loader_(equipment)

1/5

3/2/2015

Loader(equipment)Wikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

Inconstructionareasloadersarealsousedtotransportbuildingmaterialssuchasbricks,pipe,metalbars,anddiggingtoolsovershort
distances.
Frontloadersarecommonlyusedtoremovesnowespeciallyfromsidewalks,parkinglots,andotherareastoosmallforusingsnowplowsand
otherheavyequipment.Theyaresometimesusedassnowplowswithasnowplowattachmentbutcommonlyhaveabucketorsnowbasket,
whichcanalsobeusedtoloadsnowintotherearcompartmentofasnowplowordump
truck.
Hightipbucketsaresuitableforlightmaterialssuchaschip,peatandlightgraveland
whenthebucketisemptiedfromaheight.
Unlikebackhoesorstandardtractorsfittedwithafrontbucket,manylargeloadersdonot
useautomotivesteeringmechanisms.Instead,theysteerbyahydraulicallyactuatedpivot
pointsetexactlybetweenthefrontandrearaxles.Thisisreferredtoas"articulated
steering"andallowsthefrontaxletobesolid,allowingittocarrygreaterweight.
Articulatedsteeringprovidesbettermaneuverabilityforagivenwheelbase.Sincethefront
wheelsandattachmentrotateonthesameaxis,theoperatorisableto"steer"hisloadinan
arcafterpositioningthemachine,whichcanbeuseful.Thetradeoffisthatwhenthe
machineis"twisted"toonesideandaheavyloadisliftedhigh,ithasagreaterriskof
turningovertothe"wide"side.
Frontloadersgainedpopularityduringthelasttwodecades,especiallyinurban
engineeringprojectsandsmallearthmovingworks.Heavyequipmentmanufacturersoffer
awiderangeofloadersizesandduties.
Theterm"loader"isalsousedinthedebrisremovalfieldtodescribetheboomona
grappletruck.

Armoredwheelloaders

Closeupofarticulatedsteeringapparatus

TheIsraeliCombatEngineeringCorpsusesarmoredCaterpillar966wheelloadersfor
constructionandcombatengineeringmissionsinhostileterritoriessuchastheWestBank.
Theyareoftenseenbuildingorremovingroadblocksandbuildingbasesand
fortifications.Since2005,theyhavealsobeenusedtodemolishsmallhouses.TheIsrael
DefenseForcesaddedarmorplatingtotheloadertoprotectitagainstrocks,stones,
molotovcocktails,andlightgunfire.
RiodeJaneiro'spoliceelitesquadBatalhodeOperaesPoliciaisEspeciais(BOPE)has
acquiredonewheelloaderdesignedformilitaryusetoopenroutesandmakewayforthe
policeinRiodeJaneiro'sslums,whicharecontrolled,andblocked,bydrugdealers.[2]
Severalifnotmostcountrieshavesimilarequipment.TheDutcharmedforcesforinstance
usemodelsliketheWerklustWG18Edef,whichweighs15tons,2morethanthe
correspondingunarmoredcivilianmodel.Inaddition,theDutchmilitarypreviouslyused
extraarmormodulescoveringmostofthewindowsurfacewithsteelforextraprotection.
Thesewerehowevernotpopularwiththecrewsduetolowvisibility.

ArmoredwheelloaderoftheIsraeliDefense
Forces

Tractorfrontloaders
Theseloadersareapopularadditiontotractorsfrom50to200hp.Itscurrent'drivein'formwasoriginallydesignedanddevelopedin1958by
aSwedishcompanynamnedlwhentheylaunchedtheirQuickeloader.[3]Tractorloadersweredevelopedtoperformamultitudeoffarming
tasks,andarepopularduetotheirrelativelylowcost(comparedtoTelehandler)andhighversatility.Tractorloaderscanbefittedwithmany
attachmentssuchashydraulicgrabsandspikestoassistwithbaleandsilagehandling,forksforpalletwork,andbucketsformoregeneral
farmactivities.

Compactfrontendloaders
AbramDietrichThiessenofEyebrowSaskatchewaninthe1940sbuiltthefirstquickattachfrontendloader.InternationalHarvester'stooka
pictureoftheloaderandreplicateditattheReginaAgribitioninNovemberofthesameyear.
Frontendloaders(FELs)arepopularadditionstocompactutilitytractorsandfarmtractors.Compactutilitytractors,alsocalledCUTs,are
smalltractors,typicallywith18to50horsepower(37kW)andusedprimarilyforgroundsmaintenanceandlandscapechores.Thereare2
primarydesignsofcompacttractorFELs,thetraditionaldoglegdesignedstyleandthecurvedarmstyle.
JohnDeereTractormanufacturesasemicurvedloaderdesignthatdoesnotfeaturetheonepiececurvedarm,butalsoisnotofthetraditional
twopiecedesign.NewHollandAgintroducedacompactloaderwithaonepiececurvedarmonitscompactutilitytractors,similaronepiece
curvedarmloadersarenowavailableoncompacttractorsonmanybrandsincludingCase/Farmall,andsomeMontanaandKiotitractors.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loader_(equipment)

2/5

3/2/2015

Loader(equipment)Wikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

KubotamarketstraditionalloaderdesignsonmostofitscompacttractorsbutnowfeaturesasemicurvedloaderdesignsimilartotheJohn
Deereloaderdesignonseveralofitssmalltractors.
WhilethefrontendloadersonCUTsizetractorsarecapableofmanytasks,giventheirrelativelysmallsizeandlowcapacitieswhencompared
tocommercialloaders,thecompactloaderscanbemademoreusefulwithsomesimpleoptions.Atoothbariscommonlyaddedtothefront
edgeofaloaderbuckettoaidwithdigging.Someloadersareequippedwithaquickcoupler,otherwiseknownasaquickattach(QA)system.
TheQAsystemallowsthebuckettoberemovedeasilyandothertoolstobeaddedinitsplace.Commonadditionsincludeasetofpalletforks
forliftingpalletsofgoodsorabalespearforliftinghaybales.

Skidloaders&trackloaders
Askidloaderisasmallloaderutilizingfourwheelswithhydraulicdrivethatdirects
powertoeither,orboth,sidesofthevehicle.Verysimilarinappearanceanddesignisthe
trackloader,whichutilizesacontinuoustrackoneithersideofthevehicleinsteadofthe
wheels.SincetheexpirationofBobcat'spatentonitsquickconnectsystem,newertractor
modelsarestandardizingonthatpopularformatforfrontendattachments.

Swingloaders
Aswingloaderisarigidframeloaderwithaswingingboom.Theboomcanswing180
degreesormore.Swingloadersareprimarilyusedbytherailroadindustrytolayrail.Like
otherloadersmanyattachmentscanbeattachedtotheboomsuchasmagnets,forks,and
buckets.Smallerswingloadersareusedinfarmingapplicationsforloadingout.A
swingingboomisadvantageouswherespaceislimited.Theloaderisabletoliftonall
sidesanddumpoffonallsides.

SemicurvedcompactloaderonaJohnDeere
compactutilitytractor

Gallery

Visibilitycomparisonofdifferentloaderdesigns

AHanomagloader

DK45withandwithouta
toothbaronthebucket

Arelativelysmallfrontloader

Aloaderwithaspecialized
clawusedtomovelogsata
sawmill

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loader_(equipment)

ACaterpillar930Gfittedwitha ThefrontofaCaterpillar930G
loaderrakeonaresidential
fittedwithloaderrake.
constructionsiteinSouth
Florida.

3/5

3/2/2015

Loader(equipment)Wikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

WackerNeusonwheelloaders
atatradefair

Compactutilitytractorwitha
frontloadershowingtwo
differentmeasurementpoints
forloadercapacities

SwingmasterSwingloader

ALiugongZL50AinGuilin
EastRailwayStation,Guilin,
Guangxi,China

Seealso
Backhoeloader
Bulldozer
Compactor
Crane
Excavator
Grader
Skidloader
Tractor
Telescopichandler
MiningSimulation

Notablemanufacturers
Bobcat
Case
Bull(http://www.bullindia.com/)
Caterpillar
DoosanInfracore(formerlyDaewooHeavyIndustries&Machinery)includingSolarbrand
Hitachi
Hyundai
JCB
JohnDeere
Kawasaki
Komatsu
Kramer
Kubota
LeTourneau
Liebherr
LiuGong
Manitou
NavistarInternational
NewHolland
VolvoConstructionEquipment
WackerNeuson
XCMG

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loader_(equipment)

4/5

3/2/2015

Loader(equipment)Wikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

References
1. ^http://www.cat.com/cda/layout?m=308907&x=7
2. ^http://noticias.uol.com.br/cotidiano/2009/08/12/ult5772u4933.jhtm
3. ^http://www2.alo.se/Intl/Pages/history.eptlhistory:Frominnovationtoworldleadingposition

Externallinks
LoaderSpecificationsandComparisons(http://www.specguideonline.com)
Calculatingthecapacityofaloader'sbucket
(http://www.imac.ca/technofocus/bucket.htm)

WikimediaCommonshasmediarelated
toLoader(equipment).

Databasecoveringallmakesandmodelsoffarmtractors&tractorfrontloaders
(http://www.tractordata.com/)
LoaderSimulation(http://www.immersivetechnologies.com/)
YouTubevideoofafrontendloaderloadingadumptruck(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3wUCnvdZjs)
PayloadOnboardweighingwithfulltripdata(http://www.lcscontrols.in/EmbeddedOEM.html#1)
Retrievedfrom"http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Loader_(equipment)&oldid=645106918"
Categories: Engineeringvehicles Agriculturalmachinery Snowremoval Constructionequipment
Thispagewaslastmodifiedon1February2015,at07:17.
TextisavailableundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionShareAlikeLicenseadditionaltermsmayapply.Byusingthissite,you
agreetotheTermsofUseandPrivacyPolicy.WikipediaisaregisteredtrademarkoftheWikimediaFoundation,Inc.,anonprofit
organization.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loader_(equipment)

5/5