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Exogenous Constructivism: Constructivism 2 Main Aspects of Constructivism
Exogenous Constructivism: Constructivism 2 Main Aspects of Constructivism
a theory of learning based on the idea that knowledge is constructed by the knower based on mental activity
2 Main Aspects of Constructivism
First, learning is a process of knowledge construction instead of absorption
Second, knowledge is highly related to the environment in which the learner experiences and constructs the knowledge
3 Types of Constructivism
1.
Exogenous Constructivism
There is an external reality that is reconstructed as knowledge is formed
The information processing conceptualizations of cognitive psychology emphasize the representation view of constructivism,
calling attention to how we construct and elaborate schemata and networks of information based on the external realities of
the environments we experience.
2.
3.
PRINICPLES OF CONSTRUCTIVISM
1. The people are learners, always actively searching for and constructing new meanings. Thus, they are always learning.
2. The process of learning is self-regulating and self-preserving.
3. Knowledge consists of past constructions.
4. The best predictor of what and how someone will learn is what they already know.
5. Learning often proceeds from whole to part to whole.
6. Errors promote growth and are critical to learning.
7. Meaningful learning occurs through reflection and resolution of cognitive conflict and thus serves to negate earlier,
incomplete levels of understanding.
8. People learn best from experiences about which they are passionately interested and involved.
9. People learn best from people they trust.
10. The purpose of education is long-term knowledge that can be used flexibly and independently.
11. Teaching is a process of providing learners with experiences, activities, and prompts that enables them to make meaning
through self-regulation.
12. Instructional goals changed momentarily as learners gain knowledge and acquire new skills.
Faces of Constructivism
1. Trivial or personal constructivism
The simplest idea in constructivism
In this principle, Knowledge is actively constructed by the learner, not passively received from the environment.
2. Radical constructivism
Adds a second principle to trivial constructivism
Coming to know is a process of dynamic adaptation towards viable interpretation of experience. The knower does
not necessarily construct knowledge of a real world.
3. Social or socio-constructivism
The social world of a learner includes the people that directly affect that person, including teachers, friends,
students, administrators, and participants in all forms of activity.
4. Cultural constructivism
beyond the immediate social environment of a learning situation are the wider context of cultural influences,
including custom, religion, biology, tools and language.
5. Critical constructivism
Looks at constructivism within a social and cultural environment, but adds a critical dimension aimed at reforming
these environments in order to improve the success of constructivism applied as a referent.
6. Constructionism
Asserts that constructivism occurs especially well when the learner is engaged in constructing something for others
to see.