EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM

AUSTRALIA
-

Education is the prime responsibility of the

states and terittories under the Department
of Education of Australia.
Education is compulsory between ages of
five and fifteen to seventeen. Post
compulsory education is regulated within
the Australian Qualification Framework.
Government schools are free for Australian
citizens and permanent residents, while
catholic and independent schools charge
fees.

Education Model/Framework
1. Primary Education primary school
- Pre School
- Pre school and pre-prep programs are
relatively
unregulated
and
are
not
compulsory.
- It is not considered schooling in Australia
except for Western Australia where in it is
part of primary school system.
- It is run by state and territory government
- Kindergarten, Grade/Year 1 Grade/ Year 7
(SA, WA)
- Kindergarten, Grade/Year 7 Grade/Year 12
(ACT, NSW, NT, TAS, VIC, QLD)
Academic Year
- Varies between states and institutions, but
generally runs from late January/early
February until mid of December
2. Secondary Education high school
- Grade/ Year 7 Grade/Year 12
Academic Year

SINGAPORE
-

Managed
by
the Ministry
of
Education (MOE),
which
controls
the
development and administration ofstate
schools receiving government funding, but
also has an advisory and supervisory role in
respect of private schools.
Education spending usually makes up about
20 percent of the annual national budget,
which subsidises state education and
government-assisted private education for
Singaporean
citizens
and
funds
the Edusave programme, the costs for
which are significantly higher for noncitizens. In 2000 the Compulsory Education
Act codified compulsory
education for
children
of
primary
school
age
(excepting those with disabilities), and
made it a criminal offence for parents to fail
to enroll their children in school and ensure
their regular attendance.Exemptions are
allowed
for homeschooling or
full-time
religious institutions, but parents must
apply for exemption from the Ministry of
Education
and
meet
a
minimum
benchmark.
Meritocracy is a fundamental ideology in
Singapore and a fundamental principle in
the education system which aims to identify
and groom bright young students for
positions of leadership.
Bilingualism, or mother tongue policy, is a
cornerstone of the Singapore education
system. While English is the first language

PHILIPPINES
The start of the twenty-first century's second
decade saw a major improvement in the Philippine
education system.
In 2011, the Department of Education started to
implement the new K-12 educational system,
which also included a new curriculum for all
schools nationwide. The K-12 program has a socalled "phased implementation", which started in
S.Y 2011-2012.
There
are
four
"phases"
during
the
implementation of the new system. These are:

Phase I: Laying the Foundations. Its goal is

to
finally
implement
the
universal kindergarten, and the "development
of the (entire) program".

Phase II: Modeling and Migration. Its goal

is to promote the enactment of the basic
education law, to finally start of the phased
implementation of the new curriculum for
Grades 1 to 4 and 7 to 10, and for the
modeling of the senior high school.

Phase III: Complete Migration. Its goal is to

finally implement the Grades 11 and 12 or
the senior high school, and to signal the end of
migration to the new educational system.

Phase IV: Completion of the Reform. Its

goal is to complete the implementation of the

Varies between states and institutions, but

generally runs from late January/early
February until mid of December

3. Tertiary
Education

Universities,
colleges, vocation education & training
providers
- Primary study at university or a technical
college in order to receive a qualification or
further skills/trainings.
The Australian higher education system consisted
of:
-

41 universities, of which 37 are public

institutions, 2 are private, and 2 are
Australian
branches
of
overseas
universities;
3 other self-accrediting higher education
institutions; and

non-self-accrediting
higher
education
providers accredited by State and Territory
authorities, numbering more than 150 as
listed on State and Territory registers.
These include several that are registered in
more than one State and Territory.
Academic Year
- From late February until mid-November with
seasonal holidays.
The federal government helps fund the public
universities, but it was not involved in setting
university curriculum. The Australian National
Curriculum set curriculum and is mandatory to all

and the medium of instruction in schools,

most students are required to take a
"Mother Tongue" subject, which could be
one of the three official languages:
Standard Mandarin, Malay or Tamil.
Education Model/Framework
-

The school year is divided into two

semesters. The first begins in the beginning
of January and ends in May; the second
begins in July and ends in November.
1. Pre-School Education
- Pre School Play group
- Kindergarten
2. Primary Education
- P1 P6
- Primary education, normally starting at age
seven,
is
a
four-year foundation
stage (Primary 1 to 4) and a twoyear orientation stage (Primary 5 to 6).
Primary education is compulsory under the
Compulsory Education Act since 2003.
- After six years of Primary education,
students will have to sit for the
national Primary
School
Leaving
Examination (PSLE). Students will then
choose the secondary school of their choice
based on their results at this examination;
they will then be assigned to a secondary
school based on merit and their choice.
3. Secondary Education
- S1 S5
- Based on results of the PSLE, students are
placed in different secondary education
tracks or streams: "Special", "Express",
"Normal
(Academic)",
or
"Normal

K-12 education system.

Education Model/Framework
1. Elementary School
Elementary
school,
sometimes
called primary
school or grade
school (Filipino: paaralang
elementarya,
sometimes mababang paaralan), is the first
part of the educational system, and it includes
Kindergarten and the first six years of
compulsory education (Grades 16).
2. Secondary School
The Department of Education specifies a
compulsory curriculum for all high schooling,
public and private. Grade 7 has five core
subjects: Mathematics 7, Science 7, English 7,
Filipino 7, and Asian History as part of Araling
Panlipunan 7. The Grade 8 curriculum has
Mathematics 8, Science 8,English 8, Filipino 8,
and World History as part of Araling Panlipunan
8. Grade 9 has Mathematics 9, Science 9,
Filipino 9, English 9, and Economics as part of
Araling Panlipunan 9. The Grade 10 curriculum
has Mathematics 10, Science 10, English 10,
Filipino 10, and Contemporary Issues as part of
Araling Panlipunan 10. Other subjects in all
levels
of
junior
high
school
include
MAPEH(Music, Art, Physical Education and
Health), Values Education and TLE(Technology
and Livelihood Education).

schools.

(Technical)". Singaporeans are forbidden to

attend international schools on the island
without Ministry of Education permission.
Integrated Program
The Integrated Programme, also known as the
"Through-Train Programme is a scheme which
allows the most able secondary students in
Singapore to bypass "O" levels and take "A"
levels, International
Baccalaureate or
an
equivalent examination directly at the age of 18
after six years of secondary education.
Admission to Post-secondary education
Upon completion of the 4- or 5-year secondary
school education, students (excluding IP students)
will participate in the annual Singaporean GCE 'O'
Level, the results of which determine which preuniversities or post-secondary institutions they
may apply for. Pre-university centres include
junior colleges for a two-year course leading up
to GCE 'A' Level, or the Millennia Institute for a
three-year course leading up to GCE 'A' Level.
Junior colleges and the Millennia Institute accept
students on merit, with a greater emphasis on
academics than vocational technical education.
Students who wish to pursue vocational education
go on to post-secondary institutions such as
the polytechnics and theInstitute of Technical
Education (ITE), where they receive a diploma
upon successful completion of their courses.
Pre-University - The pre-university centres of
Singapore are designed for upper-stream students
(roughly about 20%25% of the cohort) who wish
to pursue a university degree after two to three

In selective schools, various languages may be

offered as electives, as well as other subjects
such as computer programming and literary
writing. Chinese schools have language and
cultural electives. Preparatory schools usually
add some business and accountancy courses,
while science high schools have biology,
chemistry, and physics at every level.

Formal technical and vocational education

starts at secondary education, with a two year
curriculum, which grants access to vocational
tertiary education. Non-formal technical and
vocational
education
is
assumed
by
institutions usually accredited and approved
by TESDA:
center-based
programs,
community-based programs and enterprisebased training, or the Alternative Learning
System (ALS)
3. Tertiary Education
Most tertiary institutions, generically called higher
education institutions by the Commission on
Higher Education of the Philippines (CHED) are
licensed, controlled, and supervised by CHED.
Records from CHED showed that the country had
1,573 private institutions and 607 state-run
colleges and universities, a total of 2,080 HEIs as
of August 2010
To be classified as universities, state universities
and colleges (SUCs), CHED-supervised higher
education institutions (CHEIs), private higher
education institutions (PHEIs), and community

years of pre-university education, rather than

stopping
after polytechnic post-secondary
education.
Junior College - Junior colleges in Singapore were
initially designed to offer an accelerated
alternative
to
the
traditional
three-year
programme, but in recent years the two-year
programme has become the norm for students
pursuing university education.
Centralised Institute - Centralised Institutes
offer the Commerce Stream offering subjects such
as Principles of Accounting and Management of
Business. The standard of teaching and curriculum
is identical to that of the Junior Colleges.

colleges (CCs), must operate at least eight

different degree programs. They must offer at
least six undergraduate courses including a fouryear course in liberal arts, a four-year course in
Basic Science Mathematics, a four-year course in
the Social Sciences, a minimum of three other
active and recognized professional courses
leading to government licensures, and at least two
graduate-level courses leading to doctoral
degrees. A further seven areas of requirements as
universities are mandated by the Commission on
Higher Education

Institute of Technical Education

-

Politechnics - Polytechnics offer a wide

range of courses in various fields, including
engineering, business studies, accountancy,
tourism and hospitality management,
mass communications,
digital
media
and biotechnology.
There
are
also
specialised courses such as marine
engineering,
nautical
studies, nursing,
and optometry.
- Graduates of polytechnics with good grades
can continue to pursue further tertiary
education at the universities
- Diploma
4. Tertiary Education - University
- Degree
Courses,
Masters,
Doctoral
Programs

National Education Budget :

National Education Budget :

National Education Budget :

489 Million AU dollars (5.10% of GDP), 80th

ranking of government expenditures on
education
Literacy : 99% (male and female)
Language of Instruction : English
-

11.60 Billion SG Dollars

Literacy : 94.60%
Language of Instruction : English

7.70 Billion US Dollars

Literacy : 95.60%
Language of Instruction: English/Filipino