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Electric Signals
Electric Signals
Electric Signals
SEE 2015
Y.C.See
chark97@hotmail.com
seeyc@utar.edu.my
SIGNAL I
Analysis of signals is important
When we are dealing with dynamics of system
and networks, the signals are function of
time.
DC signal
AC signal sinusoidal signal
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Exponential signal
General term f (t ) = Ae St
A & S = in general complex
St have to be dimensionless
SIGNAL II
E.g.
j ( + j ) t
Ae e
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=2Ae cos(t + )
In the complex plane you have different kind
of behavior as the time dependant signal is
concern
SINGULARITY
FUNCTION
Discontinuous functions
Unit step function
Unit ramp function
Unit impulse function/ delta/dirac function
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t=0 ?
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UNIT
STEP FUNCTION
II
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UNIT
RAMP FUNCTION
CAUSAL SIGNAL
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UNIT
RAMP FUNCTION
CAUSAL SIGNAL
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IS r(t) = t ????
PG
304
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Properties
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10
UNIT
IMPULSE FUNCTION
II
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These
Capacitors
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CAPACITORS (FAST)
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CAPACITORS (FAST)
Capacitance occurs when two conductors are
separated by a dielectric (insulator).
Charge on the two conductors creates an
electric field that stores energy.
The voltage difference between the two
conductors is proportional to the charge.
q(t ) = C v(t )
The proportionality constant C is called
capacitance.
Capacitance is measured in Farads (F).
Given
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CAPACITORS (FAST)
+
dv(t )
i (t ) = C
dt
v(t)
-
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The
i(t)
rest
of
the
circuit
1
v(t ) = i ( x)dx
C
t
1
v(t ) = v(t 0 ) + i ( x)dx
C t0
17
ENERGY STORED
IN A CAPACITOR
(FAST)
DC IN CAPCITOR(FAST)
A
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if we have instantaneous
change in capacitor voltage?
19
CAPACITORS WHAT
(FAST)
1
XC =
j C
C = Ck
k
1
XC =
sC
1
1
=
C
k Ck
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INDUCTORS (FAST)
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INDUCTORS (FAST)
Inductance
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INDUCTORS (FAST)
di (t )
v(t ) = L
dt
+
L
v(t)
1
i (t ) = v( x)dx
L
t
1
i (t ) = i (t 0 ) + v( x)dx
L t0
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The
i(t)
rest
of
the
circuit
1 2
w L ( t ) = Li ( t )
2
23
INDUCTORS WHAT
(FAST)
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X L = j L
X L = sL
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INDUCTORS WHAT
Series inductors
(FAST)
N
L s = Lk
k =1
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Parallel inductors
N
1
1
=
L p k =1 Lk
25
DORF)
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P 7.8-12 (DORF
PAGE
308)
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E.G. 3
28
REFERENCES
29
SEE
2015