CDMA2000 Packet Data Infrastructure Review: Engineering Services

Packet Data Roaming
Page 1
Engineering Services
CDMA2000 Packet Data

Infrastructure Review
CDMA2000 Infrastructure Overview: PCF
Packet Data Roaming
Page 2
Packet Control Function (PCF)
PDSN/FA
Internet
Internet
AAA
Maintains connection state

between PDSN and BSC
Is aware of mobiles air link status
(dormant, active)
HA
PCF
RAN
Collects air time accounting from

BSC and forwards it to PDSN
CDMA2000 Infrastructure Overview: PDSN

Packet Data Roaming
Page 3
Packet Data Serving node (PDSN)
PDSN/FA
Internet
Internet
Establishes data session with

MS
Supports Foreign Agent (FA)

capability for Mobile IP service
Route packets
Collects accounting
information
Acts as a client for

authentication and accounting
AAA
HA
PCF
RAN
CDMA2000 Infrastructure Overview: AAA
Packet Data Roaming
Authentication, Authorization, and
PDSN/FA
Internet
Internet
AAA
Accounting Server (AAA)

Performs authentication,
authorization, and accounting in
conjunction with PDSN
Provides proxy functions to relay
these services to other AAA servers
HA
PCF
RAN
Page 4
CDMA2000 Infrastructure Overview: HA
Packet Data Roaming
Home Agent (HA)
PDSN/FA
Internet
Internet
AAA
Works in conjunction with FA to

provide Mobile IP service
Provides the anchor point for
Layer 3 mobility
HA
PCF
RAN
Page 5
1xEV-DO Architecture
Leverages 1xRTT core network

Includes new authentication (A12)
For EV-DO, RAN = AN
Identical from PCF and on
Packet Data Roaming
Page 6
EV-DO Infrastructure
Packet Data Roaming
Page 7
EV-DO Interfaces
RNC
PCF
A8
IP
R-P Interface
A 10
A9
A 11
A 12
Source AN
PDSN
A 13
AAA
RNC
IP
User Traffic
Signaling
Other AN in
same network
Packet Data Roaming
Page 8
CDMA2000 Protocol
Review
CDMA2000 Protocol Overview: PPP
Packet Data Roaming
Page 9
Point to Point Protocol (PPP)
PDSN/FA
Internet
Internet
AAA
Layer 2 protocol between MS and

PDSN
Authenticates the MS (Simple IP)
Negotiates an IP address (Simple IP)
HA
PCF
RAN
Determines Simple IP or Mobile IP

Negotiates header compression
Assigns DNS servers to MS
CDMA2000 Protocol Overview: RADIUS
Packet Data Roaming
PDSN/FA
Internet
Internet
AAA
Page 10
Remote Authentication Dial-In User

Service (RADIUS)
Protocol between PDSN and AAA
Authenticates MS
Provides accounting information from
PDSN to AAA
HA
PCF
RAN
CDMA2000 Protocol Overview: Simple IP

Packet Data Roaming
Page 11
Simple IP is just a term that means Not Mobile IP

Same protocol that is used ubiquitously on the Internet
Most operators use Simple IP, including KDDI, China Unicom, SKT, Verizon,
Reliance, Hutchinson CAT, VIVO, Telecom New Zealand, APBW, etc.
Operator can use both Simple IP and Mobile IP
Simple IP does not have a mobility function
IP Addresses are topologically significant
If the MS moves to a different PDSN, it must get a new IP address
Consequently, Simple IP is not compatible with static IP address assignment
CDMA2000 Protocol Overview: Mobile IP
Packet Data Roaming
Page 12
Mobile IP introduces new infrastructure elements to provide

Layer 3 mobility to CDMA2000
Foreign Agent : MS accesses the Foreign Agent (collocated with PDSN),

which provides a Care Of Address that is appropriate for the current
location (similarities to the VLR/TLDN mobility function)
Home Agent: Keeps track of the location of the MS and forwards inbound
packets to its COA (similarities to the HLR mobility function).
Several operators support Mobile IP, e.g. Sprint, VzW, TNZ, and
many more have plans to support it.
Mobile IP allows static IP address assignment, and is a useful
tunneling solution for data roaming (described later).
CDMA2000 Protocol Overview: Mobile IP (cont.)
Packet Data Roaming
MS has an established data session. Packets sent to MS arrive at HA,

which tunnels them to the current FAs COA.
MS moves to a new PDSN/FA. FA provides its COA, which the MS provides

to the HA.
HA begins forwarding packets to new COA.
PDSN/FA
Internet
Internet
HA
PDSN/FA
Page 13
Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol
Packet Data Roaming
Page 14
Protocol defined by IETF RFC that extends PPP to a far end

point, which allows remote IP address assignment
Introduces two new functions to accomplish this
LAC: L2TP Access Concentrator
LNS: L2TP Network Server
Although useful for packet data roaming, L2TP for CDMA2000
recently published in standards
Typically deployed in CDMA networks with PDSN acting as
LAC
PPP extended to LNS
PCF
RAN
PDSN/LAC
LNS assigns IP address
LNS
Private vs. Public IP Addresses

Packet Data Roaming
Page 15
There is currently a shortage of IP addresses and they are difficult to get

To conserve IP addresses, most networks typically reuse specially defined private IP
addresses (RFC 1918)
These addresses include:
10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255
172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255
192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255
If a node using a private IP address wishes to access the public Internet, a Network
Address Translation (NAT) device is needed
NATs allow several public IP addresses to be mapped to a single public IP address (via
port)
Many CDMA operators use private IP addresses inside their core

network
Network Security
Packet Data Roaming
Page 16
CDMA2000 networks leverage commonly use security

mechanisms
Virtual Private Networks (using the IPSec protocol)
are often employed to provide inter-network
security of the Public Internet
Firewall systems protect networks from outside
attacks
Packet data roaming requires specific security
configuration, e.g. VPN tunnels between operators

CDMA2000 Packet Data Infrastructure Review: Engineering Services

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Packet Data Roaming