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Phytochemical Screening of Crude Drugs MDYB
Phytochemical Screening of Crude Drugs MDYB
Chemical modification of herbal preparations or crude drugs aids in monitoring instances adulteration or sophistication
Phytochemical analysis is significant in:
Chemical tests
Chemical assays
Instrumental analysis
Isolation
Purification
Identification or characterization procedures (chromatographic and spectroscopic methods)
Choice of solvent
Extraction process
Presence of interfering compounds
Reagents
Fehling's A
Results
Brick-red precipitate (CuO)
(CuSO4 solution)
Notes
Positive for reducing sugars:
All monosaccharides
Many disaccharides (lactose, maltose,
cellobiose, gentobiose)
Nonreducing carbohydrates will, on boiling
with acids, be converted into reducing sugars
Fehling's B
(NaOH, Potassium sodium tartrate
(Rochelle salt))
Nonreducing substances:
Some disaccharides
(sucrose, trehalose (found in some fungi))
Polysaccharides
Molisch's test
1% alpha-naphthol in 95%
seliwanoff's test
Rose color
tollen's
phloroglucinol test
Cherry-red color
Reagents
Results
Notes
5% FeCl3
dichloromethane, NH3 TS
shouteten test
gelatin test
Reagents
5% FeCl3
Results
Notes
is added
Precipitation
Reagents
Glacial acetic acid, dichloromethane,
Results
Blue-green color
conc. H2SO4
Salkowski test
Notes
sterols
layer
baljet test
Legal test
Keller-killiani test
conc. H2SO4,
Reagents
Water
Results
Notes
Formation of foam
Reagents
Results
shinoda test
sulfuric acid
conc. H2SO4
Notes
Reagents
10% aqueous picric acid, 10% Na2CO3
Results
Filter paper will become brick red
Notes
Hydrocyanic acid turns the filter paper
brick red
Reagents
Results
Notes
(1% HCl)
mayer's reagent
Mercuric-potassium iodide TS
valser's reagent
Mercuric iodide TS
wagner's reagent
Iodine TS
dragendorff's reagent