ANTERIOR MUSCLES

Muscle

Attachments

Muscles that move the shoulder

O: ribs 3-5
Pectoralis minor
I: coracoid process of scapula
Serratus anterior

O: upper 9 ribs
I: vertebral border of scapula

Muscles that move the arm (humerus)

O: clavicle, sternum
Pectoralis major
I: greater tubercle of humerus
Coracobrachialis

O: coracoid process of scapula

I: medial surface of humerus

Muscles that move the forearm (radius/ulna)

Biceps brachii
O (long head): supra-glenoid tubercle
> long head &
O (short head): coracoid process
short head
I (both heads): radial tuberosity
O: anterior, distal humerus
Brachialis
I: coronoid process of ulna
O: distal humerus
Brachioradialis
I: superior to styloid process of
radius

Action
pulls scapula anteriorly
protracts scapula;
with rhomboids, holds the
scapula against the ribs

flexes, adducts, and

rotates arm medially
flexes and adducts
humerus

flexes and supinates

forearm
flexes forearm
flexes forearm

Muscles of wrist, hand, and fingers

O: medial epicondyle of humerus
Superficial common
I: metacarpals, phalanges
flexor group
Deep common
flexor group

O: medial epicondyle of humerus

I: metacarpals, phalanges

flexion of wrist/fingers
flexion of wrist/fingers

Muscles of hand (use model)

flexion of thumb

Thenar group

flexion of little finger

Hypothenar group

adduct fingers to middle

finger; extend
interphalangeal joints; flex
metacarpophalangeal
joints
extend interphalangeal
jointts; flex metacarpophalangeal joints

Interossei
(anterior side)

Lumbricals

POSTERIOR MUSCLES
Muscle

Attachments

Muscles that move the shoulder

O: occipital bone, spines of C7 and all
thoracic vertebrae
Trapezius
I: clavicle and acromion and spine of
scapula
O: C1 - C6
Levator scapulae
I: vertebral border of scapula
O: spines of C7 and T1
I: vertebral border of scapula
Rhomboid minor

Rhomboid major

O: spines of T2 - T5
I: vertebral border of scapula

Action
stabilizes, rotates,
adducts, elevates or
depresses scapula;
extends head
elevates scapula
adducts scapula; with
serratus anterior, fixes
scapula to ribs
adducts scapula; with
serratus anterior, fixes
scapula to ribs

Rotator cuff

Muscles that move the arm (humerus)

O: acromion process and spine of
Deltoid
scapula; clavicle
I: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
O: supraspinous fossa of scapula
Supraspinatus
I: greater tubercle
O: infraspinous fossa of scapula
Infraspinatus
I: greater tubercle
O: subscapular fossa of scapula
Subscapularis
I: lesser tubercle
O: inferior lateral border of scapula
Teres minor
I: greater tubercle
Teres major
Latissimus dorsi

O: inferior angle of scapula

I: intertubercular sulcus of humerus
O: lumbar and lower thoracic verts;
sacral and iliac crest
I: intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Triceps brachii

Muscles that move the forearm (radius/ulna)

O: humerus
lateral head
I: olecranon of ulna
O: inferior to glenoid cavity
long head
I: olecranon of ulna
O: posterior humerus
medial head
I: olecranon of ulna
Muscles of wrist, hand, and fingers
Superficial
O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
common extensor I: metacarpals, phalanges
group

abducts, flexes,
extends, and medial or
lateral rotation
assists deltoid in
abducting arm
rotates arm laterally;
adducts arm
rotates arm medially
rotates arm laterally;
extends and adducts
arm
extension and medial
rotation of arm
extends, adducts, and
draws arm inferiorly
and posteriorly;
rotates medially

extension of forearm
extension of forearm
extension of forearm

extension of
wrist/fingers

Muscles of hand (use model)

Interossei
(posterior side)

abduct (spreads)
fingers; extend
interphalangeal joints;
flex metacarpophalangeal joints