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ON
THE
COVER:
STAFFBOX
Editor-In-Chief
Emmanuel Goldstein
Office Manager
Cover Art
Bobby Arwatt
Ken Copel
Autumn 1988
2600 Magazine
Page 3
2600 Magazine
A utumn 1988
OR HANDS-ON EXPERIENCE
dard, depending on the geographic area
or age of the network, so it's good to keep
your eyes and your m ind open.
At thi s paint, we will detail each point
along the Loop Di stribution Plant.
Cable Facility F1 CO Feeder
The F1 cable is the feeder cable which
originates at the Main Distribution Frame
(MDF) and cable vault at the local CO and
terminates at the SAL This cable can con
tain from 600 to over 2000 pairs, and often
more than one physical F1 cable is need
ed to service a single Serving Area (at an
S A l ). The F1 is almost a lways located
u nderground, because the size , weight,
and n u m ber of feeders leaving the CO
makes it impossible to put them on normal
telephone poles. Since it is also im practi
cal t o use o n e single piece of cable , the
F1 usually consi sts of several piece s of
l a rg e , pre s surize d , or arm o re d c a b l e
spliced together underground (this w i l l be
covered later) i nto a single cable.
Cable Numberi ng
In order to m ake locating cables and
pairs easier (or possibl e, for that matter),
a ll of the cables i n the loop distributio n
plant are numbered, a n d these num bers
are stored i n databases such as LMOS at
the ARSB or other record s at the LAC
(Loop Assignment Center) or maintenance
center. When trying to locate someone's
cable pair, it helps a g reat deal to know
the se n u m bers (although it can be done
without them with experience and careful
observation). Probably the most com mon
place to find these num bers is on a BOR,
in the Cable and Assignment Data" block.
The F1 is usually assigned a number from
00 to 99 (although 000-999 i s sometimes
used i n large offices). Cable pair number
Autumn 1988
2600 Magazine
I'age
2600 Magazine
"
A utumn 1988
worsn
dangerous
minutes
suffocating or otherwise
mainte
T1 dig ital
F2 aerial
cabinet
Manhole Dangers
Aufumn 1988
(("ontinl/cd
0/1
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1'1IK/' 7
ce{{u{ar update
by The Glitch
There is ri sing interest in the cell ular
scene, the retail and the free aspects of i t.
Here's som e insight into what's going on!
Expanded Spectrum -- yes, the cellular
system, designed not to be overcrowded
like the earlier m obile system s, is now get
ting packed in so m e urban areas. The
FCC allocated 156 m ore channels to the
system, bringing the total num ber of chan
nel s from 666 to 832. All manufacturers in
the current m arketplace are c o m ing out
with new phones (or u pgra d e s to o l der
p h o n e s ) t o c o v e r t h e new c hanne l s.
Uniden has u pgraded their pri m ary l ine,
the CP-1000, to the CP-1100. Motorola
has a new line, the Mini-Tac, which i s fea
ture-packed and m uc h smaller than their
previous Oyna-Tac serie s. This a l so has
832 channel s. The NEC P-9000 portable
(about the size of a cordless) also has 832
channel s with an available upgrade to the
earlier portables. Mitsubishi had designed
the radio circuits of their older model line
to be able to cover extra frequencie s, so
a l l it n e e d s is a c hange of s o ftware
EPROMS for its upgrade. Audiovox has a
new m odel called the BC-20 with not only
832 channe l capabi l i ty, but also a very
u seful "se lf-test" m ode (available to ser
vice technicians) which allows full manual
control of the phone, including receiving
any of the 832 channe l s ind ividually (for
testing purpo ses only, o f course ). I do
expect to see other m anufactu rers, such
as Novatel, Oki, H i tach i ( a . k.a. AT&T),
Fujitsu, Panasonic, and m any others.
The new channels are non-li near with
the rest, with som e appearing "above" the
old cel lular band and the rest "below" the
band . Likewi se, so m e c e l l u l a r test gear
Page 8
2600 Magazine
Autumn 1988
swi tc h i n g m ac h i n e f o r th e o p e rato r ,
Strowger gave subscribe rs the power to
place the i r own ca l l s . I n ove rs i m pl i fied
terms, his system worked like this: A sub
scriber who wished to call Mr. Strowger,
say, would punch a button on the phone a
specific number of times. The number that
would be assigned to Strowger 3 per
haps. Each punch would send an electri
cal p u l s e to a c e n t r a l o f fi c e , w h e re
Strowger's switch was installed . A motor
would drive the arm of the switch a num
ber of steps around a circle corresponding
to the n umbe r of ti m e s the button had
been pushed. In the exam ple here , the
arm would stop at Mr. Strowger's num ber,
the third step. The arm would stay there
for the duration of the call, with the voice
Signals passing back and forth throughout
the switch arm . When the parties hung up,
the switch would reset. No matter which
subscriber wished to call Mr. Strowger, the
same number of pulses would make the
same connection in every case .
In effect, the dial pulses replaced the
operator. The pulses worked l ike electrical
trail breakers. They built the path to the
destination phone by com manding switch
es to move to the proper point and free z
ing them in that pOSition, thus reserving
those connections for the voice signals to
fo l l o w a l o n g. W h e n t h e ca l l e d party
answe red , h is "Hello?" retraced the path
the digits had built, back to the original
caller. You now know what a step-by-step,
or crossbar, office is, and although they
are very rare, anyone who's ever been in
one can tell you the noise from all those
cross-bars mo ving and "ker-plunking" into
position is extremely loud.
Autumn 1988
--
Page 9
What's Going On
Only Five Left
We've been running out of
many things recently. Clean air,
clean water, trees, and space, to
name a few. But that's minor in
comparison to the ultimate crisis
facing Americans today. We've
got a mere handful of unassigned
area codes left. And just what
the hell are we going to do when
those are gone?
Already, plans are well under
way for the splitting of the 415
(San Francisco) area code in
1992. We don't know what the
new area code will be. Perhaps
they'll take suggestions from the
public. But there are only fi ve
possibilities left: 708, 903, 908,
909, and 917. And it's not very
likely that 903 will be used since
that used to be used as an area
code for part of Mexico.
Reassigning it could cause confu
sion. Theoretically, area codes
200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 could
also be assigned. But those
would be such nice numbers to
waste. It would also be possible
to assign 210, 310, 410, 510, 610,
710, 810, and 910. But w e
haven't heard an y definites.
So w hat's the s olution?
Fortunately, there is one. But it's
not going to be easy.
Beginning in July of 1995, a
brand new numbering scheme
will begin to take effect. On the
first of that month, area codes
will be liberated. They will be
able to be any number they wish,
Page 10
2600 Magazine
Calling Morality
A code of practice has been
established on British Telecom's
Callstream network covering the
content of the messages, as well
as advertising and promotional
material. Call stream is the
equivalent of America's mass
Autumn 1988
With Phones/Computers
announcement (often 976) num
bers that are creating such a stir.
Call stream uses phone numbers
beginning with 0898, 0077, 0066,
and 0055. They are billed at
higher-than-normal rates.
Here's some of what the code
says: (1) Communications must
not encourage or incite anyone to
commit a criminal offense; create
racial disharmony; contain false
or misleading information;
involve an unreasonable invasion
of privacy; or cause outrage or
gross offense by reason of sexual
( 2)
or
violent
content.
Communications aimed at audi
ences which include children
must not include references to
sexual practices or contain lan
guage that reasonable parents
would not want their children to
hear.
Speaking of reasonable par
ents, it is now legal for married
couples to place wiretaps on their
horne telephones in order to
catch their spouses doing nasty
things like having affairs. U.S.
District Judge Roy Harper says
it is no longer necessary in such
cases for one of the parties to
know they are being recorded.
A Legend Apprehended
For eight years a man known
as James Clark has been jour
neying back and forth across
America robbing pay telephone
coinboxes. Such a feat had been
considered impossible, but Clark
Autumn 1988
2600 Magazine
Page 11
The World of
drawer again meant that nobody
would notice what he had done
until a company coin collector
came around.
So another dangerous criminal
is off the streets. Now if they
could only find the people who
keep scraping "Praise God" on
every pay phone in N ew York
City.
Mystery Hacker
Authorities are all upset about
a hacker who penetrated the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory's comput
er system in May. The mystery
person managed to get into three
computers in a single outing,
including one belonging to the
Navy. JPL says it's going to use
stricter security measures, a
move that could wind up costing
them 4 million dollars. One of
the things that J PL says is at
least theoretically possible for a
hacker to do on its systems is to
send "bogus commands" to one of
the eight unmanned interplane
tary explorers they currently
operate.
***
Page 12
2600 Magazine
AOS Happenings
You may have noticed that
everyone is ranting and raving
about AOS. That stands for
Alternative Operator Services,
w hich basically means that
another company other than
AT&T completes your AT&T call
ing card call from a payphone,
usually without your knowledge.
You become aware of the fact
when your phone bill arrives and
the price for the call is many
times what you thought it would
be. Customer owned pay phones
sometimes hook into other com
panies and the only clue the
caller has that AT&T isn't
putting through the call is an
operator or computer that doesn't
make any reference to AT&T.
There are ways around it. You
can always ask to be hooked up
to an AT&T operator. If that
doesn't work, you can try dialing
Autumn 1988
Technological Games
800-950-1022 (MCI) or 800-8778000 (Sprint). Their rates are
almost always lower than the
AOS companies.
Once the ripoff artists get put
out of business, you may actually
see some good come out of all of
this. International Telecharge is
an AOS company that offers
operators who are fluent in sev
eral languages. Micro Devices
and Automatic Communications
both have services where you can
leave a message for an unan
swered phone. They keep redial
ing every few minutes and when
the phone is answered your mes
sage is played.
A new trade group has been
formed for AOS companies called
Operator Service Providers of
America. About 25 of the 40 AOS
companies have joined. Basically,
the group calls on the companies
to be more up front, to lower
prices, and to not block calls to
other services. Of course, all of
this is voluntary.
being forwarded.
The Planum Technology
Corporation of Hillside, NJ has a
device that waits for two sepa
rate calls within 30 seconds. (A
short ring is generated before the
call gets forwarded.) The second
call is interpreted as a command
to disable call forwarding. The
machine then dials 73 or whatev
er the number is in that area to
disable call forwarding. The user
can then call back and communi
cate with the machine, giving it a
new phone number to call for
ward to.
The machine does require an
access code, however it seems
incredibly easy to disable some
one's call forwarding. Just call
twice within 30 seconds and
hang up each time. It would be a
good idea to add a feature that
resets the call forwarding if the
third "confirmation" call isn't
received. And hopefully the
access code is longer than two
digits.
The other invention comes
from H erbert Waldman of
Measurement Specialties Inc., in
Wayne, NJ. (This guy patented
the first remote access answering
machine, back in 1956!)
With this system, the caller
dials his number and hangs up
right after the short ring. The
machine then calls the number
that the calls are being forward
ed to. If it gets no answer, call
forwarding is disabled. The
Autumn 1988
2600 Magazine
Page 13
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26()() Magazine
Autumn 1988
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\III
A utumn 1988
9 1 8 A R E A ODE
II AItEA CuDt
2600 Magazine
Page 17
5 1 6 A REA CO DE
.' I=unk nown use
tl U = O U S l n e s s on l Y
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Page 1 8
936 and 999 were former dial mass announcement services, 903 was a fOlll1er area
code for Mexico. 233 was an unconfirmed former exchange for Selden. 440 plus any
four digits used to connect to police emergency (9t t ),
In the 5t6 area, its currently not necessary 10 dial a one before any calls, This makes
scanning l easier, In OIher area codes, 1 plus a nurrber may do something entirely dif
ferent than the sarna nu.mer witholf a 1 in front of it Because 5t6 doesn' require a I ,
its impossble for any number that is an area code to also be used as an exchange,
This scan was done from our oftice in the 751 exchange, We believe l to be at least 90
peIC8nI accurate. H you know of any correct ions, please forward them to us. In cases
where we were not absolutely certain if an office was a .5 ES.S., a it A ES.S., or a
DMS-l 00, the generic term "E.S.S." is printed.
H you wish to do a similar scan from your area code, we would be happy to print the
results. Btf you mUS1 be thorough. First, go through your phone book and mark down
where each exchange is listed as being from. H your phone book doesn't list ewry
exchange in your area code. you'll haw to find the other books. This list of locations is
NOT the location of the central offices. Getting that will take some enginee ring and inge
nuity on your part,
Sometimes test numbers exist that identy the location and type of a central office
(around here irs xxx-9901). You mUS1 also be able to 111 1 the difference between generic
E.S.s. and crossbar. 51 6751 9970 is a crossbar busy, 51 6-360-9970 is an E.S,S, busy.
But 51 6-423-9970 is a crossbar busy, even though l sounds wry much liIe an ES,S,
busy, You can tell because the relays click on both sides 01 the busy, An electronic or
digital swlch has no relays and therefore doesn' elicit
Once you haw a list 01 valid exchanges and where they come from, you must see what
al 01 the OTHER exchanges that don' exist do when you dial them, I your area code
requires a 1 before some caJs. you mUS1 try each and fN8ry exchange with and witholf
a I , This is how you find interesting features.
The final step is 10 see if the exchanges you ha't'8 logged actually show up in the phone
book , H not. odds are they are being used only by businesses or as a Direct Inward Dial
(DID) for a large corporation or instllfion, DID's contain many beepers, fax machines,
CO""lf8lS. etc.
Two copies of this list, one sorted by exchange and the other sorted by central office
name, can be found on 2600 bulleti n boards.
2600 Magazine
A utumn 1988
-
-
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to
.e
AN NOU NCI NG TH E N EW
PARTY LI N E SERVICES
TH E SAFE WAY TO M E ET
N EW P E O P L E , MAKE N EW
F R I E N DS O R J U ST LISTEN I N
FO R TH E F U N O F IT.
JU ST 1 1
A M I N UTE
i n " 1 Eac h '6
TRY THESE NUMB ER S: (2 0 1 st M 0
UGHT
SSG-LOVE SSO-WI LD
THE M E ETING P LAC E FOR
LONG ISLAND ADULTS
T
PARTY BY PHONE
5R:u2wY L !9 !!9.!,
FOR EXCITING PARTY UNE NEWS CAll 540-3733 FOR JUST $1.50
ci
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TELEPH O N E
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DATIl:,
..-=:
:iTED
STATES GOvERNMENT .
10 November 1986
2Dl1
Unauthoriz ed Access
TEire':
of DOCKMASTER
Reo:ebed
IVfill'
. 012.l1
NOv lOBi .
1.
On 2S and 3 1 october 19 8 6 , there were success ful
unauthoriz ed accesses to DOCKDSTER.
The f ol l owing information
b e en gathered to dat e :
has
a.
The connection to DOCKMASTER was lIIade from Ii: lo cati o n
in France via the Telenet network.
Telenet has determined the
addres s of the connection po int and has requested Transpac ,
Tel enet ' s European counterp art, to determine the identi ty of the
fo r e i qn host .
netwo rk
b.
1 0/ 3 1/ 8 6 0 9 : 5 0
DO
f r om
France .
France .
1 0/ 3 1/ 8 6 1 0 : 2 0
The owner of the account was denied access to DOCKMAS
-R
when he attempted to log in bec ause the account was
already active .
a dministrator
. DOCRMAsTER
1 0/3 1/ 8 6 10 : 2 7
1 0/ 3 1/8 6 13 : 3 5
Two attemDts
us er i d .
-
19 8 6 .
c.
The u s e r ' s password was last changed o n 2 8 August
There were no bad password attempts against this us er s ince
indicating that the user ' s password was not gues s ed , but
compromised.
Ap r il ,
r;;
::omD!!_rs!!o.or .
OP"T'IOHAL PO"'" NO . 10
(REV. 1-ooM )
GSA PPMIl ( C7IIJ lal_ll.1
.'0..1 1"
11 QO s 1!J35 0 - 461-275 (4:8)
Page 20
2600 Magazine
Autumn 1988
'
:n lt'I'i%fOGlf:f;:::ll' p:..:.,,:
minute'login
t
that a substantial amount of proprietary information was
compromised . , Based on the 3 0
time and a maxim= data
trans fer rate o f , 2 4 0 charaCters per second , the us er could have
, transferred up to 4 22 KB of data , ( 3 0min * ( 6 0 sec/mini * ( 2 4 0
char/ s ec . ,
..
"
This compromise
uid ' not ave been prevented by the use o f
AD!! ( DOCKMASTER ' s implementation o f Mandatory Access Contro l ) since
the userid which was compromised had valid AD!! access to the data .
The use of a separate authentication/identification device , such as
the Sytek Passport , could have :prevented this access .
We are
currently working on purchasing the
'
3. ,
syt.
DISTRIBUTION
&-SCS C
ef , .
D/Chi ef ,
C Chief scienti st
f'
reprinted from
w . o. r. m.
1.5
NOTES
DOCKMASTE R is the N SA's compute r system hooked u p to A R PA N ET . Its T e l e n et ado ress
i s 30 1 22 ( N U l req u i red ) , On I N TE R N ET it is "DOCKMASTE R . A R PA", I am sti l l wait i n g for
additional FO IA docu me nts but the NSA has asked for $ 3 . 400 to conti n u e looki n g .
Autumn 1988
2600 Magazine
Page
21
F l. .I r:
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f x $ = " d " t t1 e n g c, s u b 1 0 0
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540
550
g o t '::o 5 1 0
Page 22
2600 Magazine
A utumn 1988
quar t er "
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Page 23
LETTE RS
The Virus
The Schematic
2 600:
I really enj oyed the article in
your Summer
88
i s su e ,
"Building a Red B ox" . I wish
and hope in future issues you
publish more circuits on boxes
and t h e sort . I ' m really glad
you p ri n t e d t h e p a rt s l i s t
because I can't read half o f the
c omponent s on the layout on
page 2 3 . I understand h ow in
the condensing and trying t o
make i t fit o n a n 8 1 / 2" x
5 3 / 4" p age along with t ext ,
etc . What I 'm getting a t i s
could you send m e a n enlarged
and clear copy of the red b ox
plans? I would greatly appreci
ate it . I h o p e you are n ' t like
m o s t o t h e r d u mb - a s s m a g s
a n d don't reply . I realize you
get a lot of mail, so do the b est
you can. To make it easier, I've
enclosed a SASE . I j ust w ant to
add that your magazine is
great !
Dear
Page U
2600 Magazine
2600:
Just a note to say thanks for
k e e p i ng a l ev e l h e a d i n a
warped world. Your publication
is w e l l w o r t h w a i t ing t h r e e
months for . Unfort u nately , I
am a rather impatient sort and
also a rec e nt sub scrib e r so I
am enclosing a request for the
back issues from the past three
years . Th at should keep this
inquiring mind b u sy for some
time to c ome . Also I want to
offe r my a p p l a u s e regarding
the article "Th e D ark Side of
Viruses" . H aving read too many
articles c oncerning h ow awful
viruses are , yours was such a
breath of fresh air. I t was a
repugnant . putrid blast of air
to be sure but it came from an
angle that was so different from
the masses that it was indeed
refreshing. I suspect that T.
Plague was rather brutally mis
t r e a t e d a s a c h il d . I c a n n o t
i m a g i n e c om p l e t e a m o r a l ity
such as h is without some form
of trauma. I do agree on certain
aspects of his dissertation such
as the need for frequent back
ups and his lack of respect for
program pirates . He is a bit of
a hypocrite th ough (to go along
with the rest of his conditions) ;
after all . his program does its
b e st to c irc u mvent e v e n t h e
s afety of fre quent b acku p s . I
also don't think it is quite his
Dear
A utumn 1988
AN D A FEW N U M B E RS
place to j u dge program pirates.
Q u ite frankly , h e is not bal
anced enough to weigh proper
ly anybody's guilt or innocenc e .
It's too b a d since h e i s obvious
ly not an idiot or a fool . Nor do
I feel that he should be pitie d .
He does not deserve my or any
b o dy ' s p it y . N o n e t h e l e s s ,
though I obviously do not agree
with Mr. Plague's article , I d id
learn a lot from it . It showed a
rare insight int o t h e m ind of
the virus generator, the serial
killer, the child molester, or the
arsonist . Take your p ick. Th e
lack of remorse or simple
m o r a l s a n d t h e fe e l i n g s o f
validity of th e ir actions seem to
be prevalent in all these peopl e .
I w o u l d l ike t o fe e l t h at M r .
P l ag u e w o u l d r e s e n t b e i n g
e q u a t e d t o a c h ild mole st e r ,
b u t h e probably doesn't . M ost
of h is prey is j ust as innocent
and h elpless as a chil d . H e is
j ust as guilty of taking advan
tage of these same attributes
existent in a novice computer
user.
In any case , I am looking for
ward to re a d ing t h r e e y e a rs
worth of wonderfu l , controver
sia l , and informative article s .
Keep u p the good work.
Jonathan Porath
2 600:
I very much appreciated the
issue on viruses. I think it is a
Dear
b a d t h ing t o d o if s om e o n e
really destroys data other than
in his own compu ter, but the
p h e n om e n on o f s p r e a d i ng a
viru s automatically fa sc inat e s
me a n d I think i t d o e s for a lot
of people . It would be better if
those wh o write viru ses would
program them not to destruct,
but to play a tune , print silly
m e ssage s , o r t o d o similar
things once they are activated.
F u rt h e rm o r e , t h e s e v i r u s e s
s h o u l d b e t e s t e d th o r o u gh ly
before spreading, to avoid era
sure of data. Of course, a virus
s h o u l d d e l e t e i t s e l f aft e r a
w h i l e from th e i n fe c t e d p r o
gram , a s in real life a flu gets
cure d , even wh en you do noth
ing to cure it .
Greetings from the
Netherlands
Paul van Hattum
2600:
My God, man , fifteen pages
were given to an article which
d o e s e s s e n t ially n o t h i ng b u t
rag o n viru s writers and pro
mote a piece of software . That's
almost twice as many pages as
t h e re once was in the whole
m ag ! If I write a s h a re w a r e
viru s protection program, can I
have fifteen pages to hype it in
too? As for the actual message
in t h at artic l e , why on e arth
s h o u l d I t r u s t Ro s s M .
Greenberg after h e has basicalDear
A utumn 1988
2600 Magazine
Page 25
AUTU M NAL
ly scared me into trusting no
X R8 0 3 8 C P .
own god
t h a n k y o u v e ry
much .
ASide from too few articles
XR8 0 3 8 P .
and
on too much .
b ox c h ip s ; t h e XR2 2 0 7 and
XR2209 .
t h at
ramb l e
Tommy
Sysop, THC-J[ BBS,
6045950085
P . S . AN I in t h e 6 0 4 N PA
Rubber Soul
Toronto, Canada
Apparen t l y , y o u ' ve n e v e r
heard oj designer chips, have
you?
Another ANI
Dear 2600:
Th e ANI fo r the 2 1 3 are a
The Chip
Dear 2 600:
The Soldier
rumours
st art .
but
the
it u n d e r th e ir p art numb e rs
Page 26
2 600 Magazine
A utumn 1988
LETTE RS
area codes 3 1 3 , 6 1 6, 906, and
5 1 7, 1 9 1 # in DMS- 1 00 switch
es, 990 in the 9 1 4 area, and
9 58 in the Ne w York me tro
area. If you find an ANI, send it
in to us!
BLV Tidbits
Dear 2600:
I 've
been
d o ing
s om e
r e s e arch
on
B u sy
Line
V e rific a t i o n ( B LV ) . I f y o u
remember, BLV i s the technical
name for an emergency inter
rupt . The information I h ave
p ertains to an AT&T TSPS or
inward operator.
An operator cannot make an
emergency inte rrupt without
h aving a c u st o m e r o n h o ld ,
with one exc eption. There is a
procedure known as a service
test call used to check if the
B LV c i rc u it s within a TSPS
switch are functioning proper
ly. Th is test is done w i tho u t
anyone o n h old, but every time
it is done a message prints on
the security printer.
Th e r e is a fe a t u re w h i c h
prints call d etail for any emer
gency interrupt which exceeds
a preset period of time on the
security printer. The threshold
can be anything from 0 to 2 5 5
seconds. Multiple interrupts on
the same call are accumulated,
but time when the interrupted
party is on hold is not.
Th e tone generator, which
beeps when an operator breaks
The Zeppelin
2600:
Th i s l e t t e r w o n ' t d o a ny
good. but I will write it anyway.
I called several of the BBS's
you have listed . After a while . I
hung u p . I don't have time to
screw with them. What is the
point? Are the u sers frustrated
hackers?
I call a lot of BBS ' s and they
are easy to use . My time is too
v a l u a b l e to w a s t e . and even
more s o when it is long dis
tance to learn some stupid sys
tem j u st to use a silly BBS .
De ar
2600 Magazine
Page 2 7
OUTSIDE Loop
(continuedfrom page 7)
the Serving Area. The size and style of the
cabinet is usually stenciled or m arked on
the cement pedestal at the base of the
cabinet (Le . , S-40-E 40 type , E size, SAl
cabinet) . These cabinets can handle any
thing from 400 (A size -- 200 feeder in,
200 distribution out - 43"H x 1 S"W x 1 2"0)
to 1 800 (E size - 900 in, 900 out - S4"H x
40"W x 1 2"0) , with som e newer size F, H,
and some 3M series -- 4200 cabinets han
dling up to 3600 pairs at one site ! Also
note that 4O-type (or look-alike) cabinets
=
2600 Magazine
A utumn 1988
DISTRIBUTION PLANT
i n the splicing chamber, which can be
accessed by rotating the notched circular
latch o n the top of the term i n a l block
asse m bly and letti ng the panel fall fo r
ward. Often the splices are covered with
plastic bags. Note the color code of the
pairs; if you can locate the pair you want,
this is an excellent location to cove rtly
access it, because thi s area is rarely seen
during normal use of the cabinet (it i s usu
ally only opened during a cable cutover or
"throw" , in which a whole section of feeder
or di stribution cable is replaced at one
time). I n the case of cable stub, the splic
ing is usually done underground at a clo
s u r e , b e ca u se t h e raw-e n d e d c a b l e
extends 2 0 t o 1 00 feet from the cabinet; i n
this case, there won't be a splicing cham
ber. Thi s type is often used for aerial pole
mounted SAl's. Also note that i n an F-size
cabinet, you have to re move the whole
back panel i n order to access the splice
cham ber. Anyway, the pairs from the feed
e r panel are cross-connected with w i re
jum pers over to the binding posts on the
d i stri bution pane l ; in this way , the two
cables are connected.
There are several ways to locate a pair
i n an SAL Fi rst, and best, i f you have
( Gr e en )
-- F 1
fl
8 I ND I N
I 025
( AA
POS!
F eeder
Ixl1111111
l XXXXlxllX
--- --- - -
SAl
XUlllXlU
( B l ue )
F 2 D 1 S t . ----
1111111111
f l pa1 r s
llX,Xl1111
T O WS
post
o f t h e t 1 T St hun d r e d b l o c k ( la r k e d t f t ) ---- !
F I 8
1)25 :
XIX !
1 0 1 -200
XIX
lXl !
XXX
3lJ 1 -401)
IU
Xli
40 1 -500
- - - - - - - - - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ '\
b 1 na 1 n g
F I ----F 2--
20 1 -31)0 ! X l l
UXUXHH
c i os e UD v i ew o f f 1 r s t J o f 1 0
--
= = ) 00 1 - 1 00 ! t t t
HI
HX
5U I - 6 1)1) : x u
xu I
! ---------- - !
U = f 1 r s t I Ou-a l oc K , 2 = p a s s o v e r L f U l l r a w s ( g o
t o 3r o r o w G O wn ) , j
p a I r s f r el l e f t ,
A utum n 1988
2600
Magazine
Page 29
OUTSIDE Loop
rarely used simultaneously ; this would be
Some sam pl e AN I numbers are :
im practical , because if one of the pairs
2 1 3 NPA - Dial 1 223
was discovered to be faulty, or if a sub
2 1 3 NPA (GTE) - Dial 1 1 4
scriber wanted another l ine, a whole new
408 NPA - Dial 700
feeder cable would have to be added. To
9 1 4 NPA - Dial 990
These numbers will vary from area to solve this, e xtra faci lities are left in the
area, and some areas m ay not have such loop plant as a provision for ex pansion.
a service (in this case, you may have to For e xam ple : on the feeder panel, all of
dial a TSPS operator and have her read the binding posts may be connected to F 1
off the n u m be r on h e r A N I panel -- i n cab l e pairs, b u t not a l l of the m m a y b e
som e areas, you may have to say a code crossed o v er t o distribution pairs. T hese
word or phrase in order for her to give you spare pairs are not connected t o t h e
the number) . In any case , it would be a switch, s o they won't "have dial tone", but
good idea to ask a lineman or testboard they are n u m b e red. Since t h e se l ine s
em ployee for the procedure to use in your aren't assigned, they won't be found in
area to get AN I , because it's very useful LMOS, but they will definitely be l isted in
and you'll need it sooner or later.
LAC re cords. T h e s e re c o rd s a re the
Anyway, once an F1 BP is found, the D e d icated P lant A s s i gn m ent Cards
cross-connect wire can be traced over to (DPAG) / Line Cards and the Exchange
the distribution pane l , and in this way, the Cable Conductor R e c o rds ( E CCR ) , o r
F2 p a i r c a n be fo u n d . T h e se F 2 e ve n co m p u t e r i zed databa s e s ( i . e . ,
distribution pairs are always m arked with MODE) . If the numbers can b e found (or
blue labels. Note also that the binding post even noted, i f the num bers on the binding
numbe r of the cross-connected F2 pair is posts at the SAl correspond with feeder
not recorded in LMOS (the F2 BP is not in cable pair num bers), then the lines can be
the SAl , so don't confuse an F2 BP num activated via a COSMOS service order.
ber with a BP in the SAl ) ; however, when This is aided even further by the fact that
the cables are first i nstal led, the feeder since F 1 's usually last longer than F2 facil
pai r s and d i s t ri b u t i o n p a i r s are i n ities, there are often more spare provi sion
sequence - - this m akes i t easy to visually al F2 facilities in the loop plant ( i . e ., 100
assume where the F2 pair is. This order feeders in, 300 F2 out (200 aren't cross
can be upset when cable pairs are added connected to Frs)). So there is a good
or changed, however, so it can't always be chance that you will find one that is dis
relied upon to produce valid F2 cable pair tributed to your area. Other spare facil ities
num bers (also, there may be two distribu i nclude "floaters", which are like spare
tion cables, with the low-numbered pairs feeder pai rs, except they are active l ines.
on the bottom and the h i gh-num bered Ofte n , a telco w i l l extend whole feeder
pairs on the top! It all depends on how the groups to more than one SAl in provision
for future expansion, i ncluding active cabl e
local telco sets things up) .
pairs. If you find a working pair o n a feeder
Floaters / Multiples
All of the pairs in a feeder cable are panel which is not crossconnected to a
Page
30
2600 Magazine
A utumn 1988
DISTRIBUTION PLANT
distribution pair, that pair is a floater. This
is by far the best way to covertly access a
certain pair, because m ost linemen will
probably not be aware of the pair's pres
ence (it looks unused o n the surface).
Beware! If you think you can hook up to
someone's floater and get free service,
you're probably wrong ( so m any othe r
people have been wrong, i n fact, that
Pacific Bell has a special "Form K-33" to
report thi s type of fraud), because the
telco is more aware of this than you m ay
think. Obviously, any toll call you make will
show up on the bill for that line . A do -it
yourself spare pair activation can avoid
this problem, if done correctly.
Cable Facility F2 - Distribution
A utum n 1988
--
2600
Magazine
Page 3 1
2600 Magazine
A ut umn 1988
fed e ra l B u rea u o f I m e s t i ga t i o n
An t i - P hone Se x D i vision
i1A .
26 .I
YD U
Back!
e r!t jt l
A:
. ..
lIS'Pl S
You
-I II (JIS:
"
[[1S I
87
-,..
..
"'wl
E!rJow il
01
f ROM'
on
a:e
"'-""'
'8.
4
UI!I
'l'Q,'
0f*
iI
heck
NIi!J 3 i)
.,
"IN
f
Thank
you,
2 6()() Magazin e
Page 3 3
OUTSIDE Loop
34
2 600 Magazine
A utumn 1988
DISTRIBUTION PLANT
term inal block inside the closure . Aerial
drop wires are then connected to these
binding posts, and the wires exit the term i
nal through holes o n the botto m . These
wires are strung via strain relief clamps on
the pole down to the subscriber's site. The
terminal closure is opened by pulling out
and l ifting either the whole cover or the
front panel after rem oving the cover fas
teners on the bottom and/or the sides (the
closure is a thick neoprene cover over an
aluminum frame). Inside the case , there is
a terminal block and there may be some
sort of loading coil as wel l . The cable and
this coil are not openable, but the term inal
block is. Since the F2 pair terminates in
this c l o s u re , the F 2 BP num ber (cab
le/assignment data) corresponds to a
binding post on thi s terminal block. As
mentioned earlier, this terminal will also
contain spare pairs, in case a subscriber
wants another line. In order to use one of
these pairs, you m ust either get an F2
(and then F 1 ) CP num be r from LAC using
the BP, or you can put a trace tone on the
pair at the aerial closure and then locate
the pair at the SAL T n a cross-connect
would have to be m ade to an active F 1
pair, and a drop wire (ughh) would have to
be added back at the aerial c l o s u re .
Anyway, both the binding posts a s wel l as
the holes (inside and out) are num bered
left to right, so you may not even have to
open the closure if you are just looking for
an F2 BP number -- just trace the drop
wire from the house i nto the num bered
h o l e on the c l o s u r e . T h e T E r m i n a l
Address for the F 2 is the address o f the
house or prem ise closest to the pole near
this closure. These te rm i nals (especially
1 A 1 , etc.) are also used for straight and
A utum n 1988
2600
Magazine
Page 35
GETTING DIRTY,
street, on cul-de-sacs, apartments, m ari
nas, and harbors, or anywhere there are
m any drop wires.
Burled DIstribution Cross Box
and Other Pedestals
This term inal serves the sam e function
as the aerial closures, except it is used in
areas with a buried distribution plant. This
cable assignment for this terminal will be
the F2 term inal , and the BP numbers and
TEA will be the same as for the aerial ter
minas. Probably the most common cross
boxes are the PC4, 6, and 1 2; these are
around 50 tall by 4, 6, or 1 2 squ are
respectively, and they are painted gray
green l i ke SAl cabi nets. These are the
smallest pedestals i n the distribution plant,
and they don' have doors (they look like
waist-high square poles). In order to open
one of these pedestals, the two bolts on
either side halfway d own the pede stal
m ust be loosened with a 7/1 6 hex wrench ;
then the front cover can be lifted up, out,
and off the rest of the closure. These ter
m i nals are l ocated generally near small
groups of houses (up to about 1 2 lines
usually) o n the g round, often near other
utility cabinets (such as e lectric powe r
transformers, etc.). These are becom ing
more common as the new housing tracts
use buried distribution plant. The F2 cable
will enter as a cable stub, and it is s p l i t into
service wires which go back underground
to the subscribers.
All small pedestals are not necessarily
the above type of term inal ; these pedestal
closures are often used for other purpos
es, such as splicing points in underground
di stributio n , loading coil mounting, and
even temporary wire storage containers. If
the term inal contains a terminal block or it
Page 3 6
2600 Magazine
A utumn 1988
BEING SNEAKY
address, phone number, etc . I t i s also pos
sible for this terminal to serve as an F2
termi nal point, if there are a lot of lines. I n
this case, LMOS will l i s t the T E A usu all y
with som e phYSical direction as to where
to find it. The left side will then be num
bered as F2 BP's. Thi s term inal i s also the
dem arcation poi n t which se parates the
cu stom e r's equipm e n t from the te lcos.
The new terminals often have an RJ -21
co nnector on the service wire side, such
as a 25-pair for PABX or a Bell 1 A2 Key,
etc. There are also "maintenance term i
nating units" ( MTU) which are electronic
u n i ts co n n ected to the l i n e ( s ) at the
entrance protector; these are sometimes
seen in som e telcos. Basically, they pro
vide functions such as party AN i on m ulti
party lines, remote disconnect (for testing
or (click!) non-paym e nt) , or half ringers
(the most com mon -- they prevent ring i n g
continuity fai lures on switches l ike ESS
when there are no phones hooked to the
l i n e when it ring s ) . M T U term i na l s are
often locked.
Single Pair Station Protector
There's really not m uch to say about
this terminal. Basically, it takes the service
. - - - - - -
_ - _ -.
A utum n 1988
2600 Magazine
Page 3 7
l n g ) - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - --- - --- - - - -- - ) t o
11p
j-- - --- !
- - - - - j ---------- !
SPST
------ - / ! j ! / ! / ' -- !
) f r oll
c ab i e p a H
b S T Swi t c h
K
, -- ! l --- - - - ------ !
( a l l i g a t or s i
fe s s i o n a l and the a m a t e u r l i ne m a n .
Basically, i t is a customized portable tele
phone which is designed to be hooked
onto raw cable termi nals i n the field and
used to monitor the line, talk, or dial out.
The monitor function is usually the main
difference between the "butt-in" test set
and the normal phone. If you don't have a
real test set already, the following circuit
can convert a normal $4 made-in- Taiwan
phone into a working test set. The "all-in
one" handset units without bases are the
best (I tend to like QU IK's and GTE Flip
Phone I I's).
When SPST i s closed, you are in tal k
mode ; when you lift the switchhook on the
"test set" phone, you will get a dial tone as
if you were a standard extension of the
line you are on. You will be able to dial out
and receive cal l s . Whe n the S PST i s
opened, the resistor and capacitor are no
longer shunted, and they become part of
the telephone circuit. When you lift the
switchhook on the test set, you will not
receive dial tone, due to the fact that the
cap blocks DC, and the resistor passe s
less than 4 rnA nom i nally (far below the
amount necessary to saturate the supervi
sory ferrod on ESS or close the line relay
on any other switch). However, you will be
able to silently m onitor all audio on the
Page 38
2600 Magazine
"
! -- - - -- - - >
t e s t set " p h o n e
0 , 22 uF
2uu kC M y l ar
K = lU k U h ll 1 / 2 W
l al k
hon l t or
A utumn 1988
A utumn 1988
26()()
Magazine
Page 39
Illinois Bell
Dear Employee
Ri ta Zaccardelli
Product Management
P.S.
. . . .
2600 Magazine
A utumn 1988
2 600 M a r k e t p l a c e
FOR
S A LE :
Various
U N IX
m a n u a l s / b o o k s . F o r m o r e i n fo r m a -
P ro d u c t e v a l u a t i o n s a rc w e l c o m ed .
Brooklyn, N Y 1 1 224.
I W A N T T O S T A RT a n e w s l e t t e r
( i nclud i n g stories
d e v o t e d t o p e t t y c r i m e s , t e n t a t i ve l y
p i r a t e s , g r o u p s , eq u i p m e n t i n fo r m a
t i t l e d " Fo r I n fo r m a t i o n a l P u r p o s e s
t i o n , FCC ) f o r
Spokane, W A 99206
on h o w to r i p-o ff v e n d i n g m a c h i n e s ,
free p o s tage, free photocopies, sneak-
SELLING
F O R S A LE : U l t i m a t e b l u e box, Berry
E l ec t ro n i cs M od e l 3 1 2A
red box s i m i l a r to t h e
plans in Sumbox
at
reasonable cost
f o r t e s t p u rp o s es.
Wnte
to:
Nelson,
North
302
1 5th
Richmond
47374.
'
t ru n k
has
D o y o u have s om e t h i n g t o se l l ? Are y o u
l o o k i ng f o r s o m e t h i ng t o buy ? O r
trade ? T h i s is t he p l ac e ! T h e 2600
M a r k e t p l a c e i s f r e e t o sub s c r i b e r s !
S e n d y o u r a d t o ' ')6 l:1 0 M a r k e t p I a c e ,
P O. B o x 9 9 , M i d d l e I s l a n d , N 'I 1 1 9 5 3 .
I n c l ud e y ou r a d d re s s l a be L O n l y p e o p l e
p l e a s e , no b u s i n e 5 s e s .
.
W I L L T R A D E : M y Tex a s I n s t r u m e n t
S i l e n t 7 0 0 Ser i e s Po r t a b l e I n t e l l i g e n t
Data Ter m i n a l ( l i k e n e w ) w / fu l l d oc u menta t i o n f o r a n y hacker s o ft w are for
I B M c o m patible c o m p u te r s . T e d K . ,
B o x 1 2 1 1 , W e s t erl y , R I 0289 1 .
W A N T E D : So m eo n e w i t h e l e c t ro n i c
blue
Abbie
52 s h i p p i n g & h a n d l i n g . M a rco, P . O.
98145.
m er 2600 or a
of
COPIES
w r i t e-'u p . D a v i d J o n
abi l i t y t o b u i l d
written by ex
t e s t set,
ro t a ry
d i a l / M F key
pad,
m onitor
stable.
Ca n be u sed a s
Std
phone
when
h ea d /
h a n d set a d d ed .
5 2 5 ll . W r i t e : T e s t s e t , 6 7 1 5 E b e r l e i n
Ave . , K l a m a t h Fa l l s, OR 97603.
T A P B A C K I S S U E S , co m p l e te set V o L
1 -9 0 of Q U A L I TY c o p i e s fro m o ri g i
n a l s . I nc l ud es s c h e m a t ics a n d i n d ex e s .
P O B o x 5 3 3 , Auburn, NY 1 30 2 1 533 .
$1 0 0 p o s t p a i d v i a U PS or Fi r s t C l a s s
6 4 h a c k / p h r e a k s o ft w a re . A l l t e s t e d
t o P e t e G . , P . O . Box 4 6 3 , M t . L a ur e l , N J
C O M PLETE R A N G E o f Co m m od o re
0805 4 . W e a r e t h e o r i g i n a l ; a l l o t h e r s
a r e co p i e s !
2600 M EETI N G S . Fi rs t F ri d a y o f t h e
m o n t h a t t h e C i t i corp C e n t er--from 6
W A N T E D c o p i e d ( d ea d ) o r a l i v e !
t o 8 p m i n t h e M a rket ( a lso k n o w n a s
t a pe (T A P e x c l u s ive), & fa c t s h e e t s # 1 -
t h e weird o s h a n g o u t) . Loca t ed a t 1 53
T A P ' S " C " & " 0 " elec . cou rses . Ca s sette
4 . H a ve a n y or a ll'? C o n t a c t m e- - w i l l -
Batton, 84
Daphne Cres.,
Ba r r i e ,
O n t a r i o L 4 M 2Y9 . ( 705-726-66 1 7 )
W A N T E D : A l l n e w e r h a rd w a r e you
D e a d li n e f o r W i n t e r M a r k e t p l a c e :
1 1/30/8 8 .
A utumn 1 988
2 60()
Magazine
Page 4 1
individual.
Th i s is a first step to w a r d s
assuring privacy from th e snoop
ing eyes of authority. It won't be
h i s /h e r s y s t e m , m u c h l e s s
assume respon sibility for th em.
An I n d i a n a B B S operator i s
being sued by a u ser who claims
th at h e i n t e n ti on al ly di scl o s e d
h e r p r i v a te el e c tr o n i c m a i l to
oth ers without h er permi ssion .
The l a w suit m ak e s reference
t o th e E l e c tr o n i c C o m m u n i
Teleph o n e h a s c o m e o u t with a
guide to all of th o s e n ew m a s s
announcement numbers.
D i a l i n g 54 0 - I N FO ( t o l l -fr e e )
c a t i o n s P ri v a c y A c t o f 1 9 8 6 ,
wh i ch m ak e s d i s c l o sure of pri
vate electronic m ail without con
s e n t o f th e s e n d e r o r th e
At
long
l a st,
New
York
i t s u s e r s . B ut in c a s e s w h e r e
th ey do, th e E C PA c a n be u s e d
agai n st th em if th ey d o n ' t k e e p
private m ail private .
2 600 Magazine
I f a n y o n e gets th i s to w o rk
outside of New York , let us know.
A utumn 1 988
LETTE RS
(continued /rom page 2 7)
next t w o years .
Too b ad , y o u l o s e .
I am a
S e e what y o u missed!
B oy . i t e v e n fe e l s b e t t e r now .
a m a n a g e m e n t p o s i t i o n) . We
S orry I c a n ' t l e a v e y o u my
I
name .
to
d o a n y t h i n g . Th e y
do
it
am
somew h a t well
b e c a u se w e are s u c h a g o o d
my name on it .
I h ad h o p e d t o share some o f
40+
t h i s inform a t i o n a n d m y
know t h e w h o l e story o f w h a t
happene d . Woul d l ike to sh are
this also -- but your damn BBS
p isses me om
I also have a patent i n t e l e
p h ony a n d a m a n u fa c t u r i n g
company that makes t e l e p h o ne
stuff under the patent .
Whenever you get a n o mlal
BBS . let me know and mayb e I
will ch ange my min d .
B oy ,
it s u r e fe e l s g o o d t o
write th is letter.
to
tour
P a c ific
Ram o n c o m p l ex .
B e ll ' s
San
I a m t h e ir
$44 m il
lion b u i l d ing g o i ng u p in t h e
Questions
Dear 2 6 00:
at
e v e ry t h i n g
In
your
N ovemb e r 8 7 i ss u e t h e a d t h a t
C o n s u m e rt r o n i c s p u t i n w a s
gre a t fo r me b e c a u se I fou nd a
fi l e o n g e tt i n g m e s o m e fa ke
A u tum fl 1 988
2 600 Magazine
Page 43
LETTE RS
I D ' s . It says that having them
is not illegal . Can you tell me
wh e r e
this
came
fr o m?
Everyone I spoke to says it is a
lie and j ust there to get you to
buy the product. Can you tell
me if there are any voice sys
t e m s t o p l ay a r o u n d w i t h ?
There was o n e i n P h illy called
Th e P h illy C on n e c t io n . Are
there any more out there? If so ,
can you list the numbers?
Another Scam
Page
44
2600 Magazine
A utumn 1988
LETTE RS
$ 660 . 00 s e c u rity d ep o s i t . All
c e rns ,
a n d I ' v e n e v e r h e a rd
if it's a l egitimate
o p e ration o r no t . N e e dl e ss to
w i t h t h e m i n t h e fu t u r e . You
n or w i l l I b e d o ing b u s i n e s s
the c om p a ny . Even d i r e c t o ry
m a y p u b l i s h my n a m e
a s s i s t a n c e gave m e a p h o n e
a d d r e s s i n y o u r magazine . if
you wish .
trol system .
Doug Porter
(FDP Enterprises)
366 1 N . Campbell Ave .
#342
Tucson , AZ 857 19
am c o n
c er n e d t h a t t h i s c o m p a ny is
e ither attempting to c ollect per
sonal information for the wrong
reasons. i . e . . credit c ard frau d .
or t h ey are a s c am o p e ra t ion
that makes its money by selling
t e l e p h o n e n e tw o rking e q u ip
ment t o h ome comp u ter own
ers interested in extra income .
Th e p h one numbers I h ave
( 8 0 0)
553-8003 and (8 1 3) 932 - 1 02 3 .
Th e i r a d dr e s s i s 7 9 3 3 N o rth
fo r t h i s c o m p a ny a r e :
Arm e n i a
Florida
Av e n u e .
Tamp a .
L o s An g e l e s
B etter
B u s iness
and
Anti-Gay
Offensive
De ar 2 6 00:
Yo u r n o d d i ng a tt e n t i o n to
the gay c o n ference line c o m -
A u tu m ll 1 988
2600
Magazine
Page 4S
LETTE RS
doing just that. The fact of the
ma tter is . that comment w as
already on BBS's all over the
country . Perhaps you misun
derstood. We did not comprise
that l is t o urs elves - - it was
taken off oj a board
IJ a p u b l ic Jig u re made a
r a c is t remark. w o u ld y o u
blame the local newspaper Jor
printing it? Would you expect
them to pretend it didn't hap
pen? Racism and its assorted
relatives thrive when people try
t o deny t he i r exis t e n c e .
C o mp u te r h a c k e r s are n o t
immune Jrom any oj this. We
can only hope that they. along
with most oj the others in the
We do not believe in cover w orld. will look for injus tice
ups. By not printing that bit oj and scream about it when they
ugliness. we would have been find it.
Page
46
2 600 Magazine
A utumn 1988
2600
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Al low 4 t o
w e e ks f o r d e l i v e ry .
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COM M U N ICAT I O N S U P DATE
A MAP O F TH E 5 1 6 N P A
R E D BOX P R OG R A M
CA N A D I A N N U M B E R S
LETTE R S
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