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Math 115 Lab 7 Solutions


1. Consider transformation T : R3 R3 : a



c 7 0


2a b .

a)Write the matrix A associated to this transformation.

b) Find the image space of A and determine its dimension by finding a basis for it.
c) Find the null space of A and determine its dimension by finding a basis for it.
Answer: a) The matrix associated to T is

0
A = 2
0

0
0
1

0
0
0

b) The image space im(A) is


im(A) = { 0

T

R3 }

It is a subspace of dimension 2 in R3 and a basis is


~e1 = 0

T
0


~e2 = 0

T
1

c) The null space (A) is


null(A) = { 0
In fact

0
2
0

0
0
1

T

R3 }

0
0
0 x
0 y = 2x = 0
y
z
0
0

(
x=0

y=0

It is a subspace of dimension 1 in R3 and a basis is


~e0 = 0

T
1

2. Consider the following vectors in R4


~u1 = 0

T
2 1


~u2 = 1 1

T
2


~u3 = 0

0 1

T
2


~u4 = 0

T
1

a) Show that they are independent.


T
b) Define ~u5 = 1 0 5 2 ; is the set {~u1 , ~u2 , ~u3 , ~u4 , ~u5 } an independent set of vectors? Justify
your answer.
Answer: a) The matrix associated to the system is

0 1
2 1
(
1 1 0
R1 R2
2

A=

0 0 1 2
R4 R4 + R 3
0 0
1
1

1 1 0
2
0 1
2 1

0 0 1 2
0 0
0
3

From its reduced form we see that rank(A) = 4 (det(A) = 3). The rows of A span R4 .
b) No. In R4 there is set of five vectors which are independent.

3. a) Find a basis for the subspace W spanned by the following vectors in R3

~u1 = [3 1 2]T

~u2 = [1 0 5]T

~u3 = [3 1 2]T

~u4 = [2 1 3]T

b) Find a vector ~v R3 which does not belong W .

c) Tell if the set V = {~v R3 : ~v 6 W } is a subspace of R3 . Justify your answer.
Answer: Just write the

3
1
A=
3
2

corresponding matrix and reduce it.

1 2

R2 R2 R1 R4
0
5
R 3 R3 + R 2 R 4
1 2

R4 R4 + 32 R1
1
3

3
0

0
0

1
0
0
1/3

2
0

0
13/3


T

T
The vectors ~e1 = 3 1 2 and ~e2 = 0 1 13 form a basis of W .

T
b) ~v = 0 0 1 does not belong to W since it is not a linear combination of ~e1 and ~e2 . The dimension
of the subspace span{~e1 , ~e2 , ~v } is in fact 3.
c) No. ~0 6 V .

4. Consider the matrix

3 1 2
2 0
A= 1
3 1 2

a) Find the subspace X of R3 spanned by the rows.

b) Is A invertible?
Answer: a) By reduction

3 1 2
2 0
A= 1
3 1 2

1 2 0
0 7 2
0 2 4

The rank of A is clearly 3. The only subspace of R3 which is 3 dimensional is R3 itself.

b) The rows are linearly independent, thus A is invertible.

5. Consider the vectors

~v1 = [1 1 0]T

~v2 = [0 1 1]T

a) Prove that ~v1 and ~v2 are linearly independent.

b) Find a vector w
~ such that {~v1 , ~v2 , w}
~ is a basis of R3 .
Answer: a)
~v1 + ~v2 = ~0

[ + ] = [0 0 0]

(
=0

=0

b) Any vector which is not a linear combination of ~v1 and ~v2 , for example w
~ = [0 2 1]T .

6. Compute the dimension of the space generated by the rows of the following matrix


1 2
A=
1 0

Answer: The rank of the matrix is 2 (the matrix is invertible - rows are independent), so its rows
generate all R2 .

7. Consider the two vectors in R2

~v1 = [cos sin ]T

~v2 = [1 1]T

Discuss the dimension of W = span(~v1 , ~v2 ) for all values of [0, 2].
Answer: The associated matrix is
A=


cos
1

sin
1

and we have to determine how many independent columns we have.

det(A) = cos + sin
When det(A) = 0, columns are linearly dependent. This happens when cos = sin or tan = 1.
3
This is true for all { 4 , 3
4 }, and then the dimension of W is 1. For 6 { 4 , 4 } the dimension
is 2.