INDEX

INTRODUCCIN..............................................................................................................................2
CHAPTER I: BIOGRAPHICAL ANTECEDENTS OF ALAN GARCA PREZ..................................3
CHAPTER II: THE CRIMES DE ALAN GARCIA.............................................................................18
CHAPTER III: DEPRESIN...........................................................................................................32
CONCLUSIONS..............................................................................................................................35
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES.............................................................................................38

INTRODUCCIN
Alan's figure Garca had a special importance, because while this alive exists
the possibility that it directs the destination of a nation so geo strategic as the
Peru, because it is a very case of how somebody with social talent or oratory
and empathy for its mentor Haya de la Torre that inherited him the Power, was
born in precise moment in the precise place and in the precise circumstances to
arrive to be to the maximum power to of a country, to have the responsibility of
taking to practices it or action the political theory of Haya de la Torre - very
appreciated in the entire world - and to drive the hopes of an oppressed town
during its history of injustice and social inequality.
Of their First Government's balance, one can deduce that the success of a
governor and the expectations of a town fail when the speaker great empathy
confronts the challenges of the leadership and he even not has the domain
himself. Historically we could say of their first government that the political
theory is not applicable to the practice for human and social factors, since he
and his political party made the most ramshackle administration in the whole
history of the Peru.
The present work has for objective to explore the life of this public person,
which is approached in the chapter I, on his biography. The multiple accusations
that it is object, we only have considered those that were been encountered
founded by the Judicial Power and that transcended in the Justice Courts of
other countries like United States and Italy (for the cases BCCI and Electric
Train respectively) to be documented and with fundament to crime act; this is
approached in the chapter II, Alan Garca Made Crime according to the Judicial
Power, him you doesn't present to prove its innocence, for what the silence
accepts and through the prescription I achieve impunity.
El capitulo III es breve, sobre la tan mencionada enfermedad mental, aunque
hay muy poco material sobre esto y a pesar de todo lo que se diga, la supuesta
enfermedad mental no tiene mucho fundamento, pues de ser cierta, seria algo
que no se hubiera podido disimular. Finalmente se hacen las conclusiones y
recomendaciones. The chapter III it is brief, on the so mentioned mental illness,
although there is very not very material on this and in spite of everything what is
said, the supposed mental illness doesn't have a lot of foundation, because of
being certain, had not been possible to hide that serious reality. Finally the
conclusions and recommendations are made.
We hope the present work contributes to the expectations of the interested
ones.
The Author .

CHAPTER I: BIOGRAPHICAL ANTECEDENTS OF ALAN

GARCA PREZ
Alan Garca Prez was born in the breast of a middle class family, closely
bound to the APRA. He studies in the National School Jos Mara Eguren of the
Barranco district of Lima.
The strong influences from the APRA comes since from his origins of life, his
mother Nytha Prez was founder of the APRA in Caman. His father, Carlos
Garca Ronceros, was secretary of organization of the party during the
government of the General of division of the EP, Manuel A. Odra, during those
time had been declared the illegality of the APRA. He was arrested during these
government and for that reason, he didn't meet their son until past five years.
To early age and even attending the school, Alan Garca discovers the power
that they had the words, quality that was serve him to obtain several school
prizes in oratorical, and an outstanding "verb" that would be he useful when
beginning as APRA militant. Being even very young, Garca unites to the APRA
Juvenile Federation, receiving its card of militant to the 17 years.
In this point it is important to mention that it gave origin to which we call political
leader, was not some intelligence or leadership exactly, but the ability of
oratorical, (as call demagoguery and that goes enclosed to the flattery and
compatible),this opened him in route to the persuasion, power of convincing,
what allowed him from youth to be recognized as leader. Although he doesn't
have clear to where to go or devise, but the benefits of this ability possibly
increased his ego and authoritarianism.
He carries out later studies in the Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Per and
he receives their title in laws in the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos
in 1971. Interested in expanding their academic curriculum he moved to
Europe, attending the Universidad Complutense de Madrid where he studied
and it completed their thesis in constitutional law, with which obtained their
doctorate in Political Sciences. In 1973, he goes to the University of Paris, here
he obtains their title in sociology. Then he would get married with Pilar Nores
which had known in a seminar in Madrid.
After living several years in Paris, Garca was called by the founder and leader
of the APRA, Victor Ral Haya de la Torre to return to the Peruvian political life
in 1978, after the administration Bermdez president's prepare the return to the
civil government and allow the reorganization of other political parties. ( 1) (2)

1
2

Diario El Comercio
Wikipedia en http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Garc%C3%ADa_P%C3%A9rez

APRA MILITANCY
From boy, Alan Gabriel frequented the House of the Town" (main headquarters
of the APRA Party), where he received treatments with the leader founder of the
APRA, Victor Ral Haya de la Torre. Alan took Victor Ral like somebody more
than a leader: as a father; in an interview he commented the following thing on
Haya de la Torre:
"It was in a juvenile camp of the party beside the river Rmac. I
didn't separate neither five meters of this semi God and I felt like
in the Sixtina Chapel. It was imposing, a Vasco old, white and with
beard, with an enormous head that could only be synonymous of
a solid intelligence for me." -Alan Garca Prez Next to Alberto Borea Odra, Luis Alva Castro and other adolescents, Alan was
direct pupil from Haya de la Torre. For the patriarch's of the APRA advice it
didn't postulate to the University Federico Villarreal (bound to the APRA), but to
the Catholic University with the purpose of that it balances the domain on this of
the parties social Christians as well as of the parties of center left. Later on he
would move to San Marcos University, where he graduated in laws.
Belonging to a middle class family, with intellectual restlessness and closely
bound to the historical left Alliance Popular American Revolutionary (APRA),
when he was born, during the general Manuel's Apolinario Odra military
dictatorship, his father, secretary of organization of the party, was in prison
completing condemnation for his political militancy, and in fact he didn't know
him until past five years. Being a student of primary, Garca continued the family
tradition and he united to the Federation Juvenile Aprista, and to the 17 years,
when it studied the secondary in the national school Jos Mara Eguren of the
Limean district of Barranco he received the identification card of militant.
The APRA was founded May 7 1924 in Mexico for the Peruvian Victor Ral
Haya de la Torre. Although their vocation was continental, only in the Andean
country it reached the status of majority political force, without renouncing of the
original acronym, becoming the first party of masses of South America in fact.
Beginning their life like political party in Lima September 21 1930 as Peruvian
Aprista Party (PAP), the formation became well-known indistinctly with the two
acronyms (APRA or PAP).
Of origin radically anti oligarchical and anti imperialistic, and supported in the
labor classes, with the years the APRA evolved toward a reformism of
inspiration social democratic of wider base that, nevertheless, neither
renounced in the populist ways and of cult to its bosses neither it finished
clarifying its ideological principles, always hazy or contradictory, more when
Haya de la Torre, with apparent Machiavellian, established connivances of facto
with the most reactionary political and economic sectors. The APRA of the
second century half presented similarities with other national-popular
movements arisen in the years 30 and 40, as those sustained by Getlio Vargas

in Brazil, Juan Domingo Pern in Argentina or Jos Mara Velasco Ibarra in

Ecuador.
The youth, of expansible character, at the time that was a Catholic practitioner,
began studies of letters and laws in the Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Per,
noted house of studies of Lima, and he completed the laws licentiate in the
Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, equally in the Peruvian capital, in
1971, registering act continued in the College of Lawyers. The national rgime revolutionary of the general Juan Velasco Alvarado that arrived to the power in
October of 1968, brought get the proscription of the partisan activities, and
Garca for instances of his bosses of the party, interested in consolidating the
academic currculum of the promising militant, went to enlarge his academic
formation to Europe.
First it attended the Universidad Complutense de Madrid, where in 1972 it
defended their doctoral thesis on Compared Constitutional Right in front to
tribunal integrated by the professor Manuel Fraga Iribarne in that time a high
political leader of the rgime franquista and, future boss of the conservative
opposition in the democratic Spain, and from 1973 to the University parisina of
the Sorbona, to follow a post degree in Sociology.
Garca resided in Paris several years in company of its first wife, a
countrywomen of the one that then got divorced to get married with the
Argentinean Pilar Nores, student of Economy and the rector's of the University
of Crdoba daughter in Argentina, to which had known in a seminar in Madrid
after he moved to Paris. With Nores he had four offsprings that were added the
one that had in his first marriage.
.
The overthrow of Velasco for the general Francisco Morals Bermdez in August
1975 began a stage of moderation in a government that toward calling
revolutionary and of transition to the democratic restoration, allowing to the
parties to be reorganized. In 1978 Garca it was registered in the Institute of
High Studies of Latin America of the French capital, when the old Haya de la
Torre urged him to that was reinstated in the Peruvian political activity in front
the perspective of the refund from the political power to the civilians. Of return to
their country, Garca was one of the elects in the urns June 18 1978 to integrate
the Constituent Assembly whose presidency, and also leadership of the voted
political force was granted to Haya de la Torre.
Garca exercised the teaching shortly in the law specialty in the National
University Federico Villarreal of Lima, but its authentic gifts shone in the
professional politics. Revealed as a brilliant and mettlesome speaker, and a
skilled synthesizer of the traditional populist contents, with an image of North
American or European touch (they caused sensation their youth, their 1,93 of
stature and their elegant dress that conformed a behavior of Latin gallant), the
public's sector saw Garca like the led pupil and, although it was not part of the
directing squares of the party, the one protected of the patriarch of the APRA
that finished promoting national secretary of Organization a little before its death

happened to the 84 years, August 2 1979. Then the headquarters of the

movement assumed it Armando Villanueva del Campo, experienced leader and
very friend with Garca.
The general elections of May 18of 1980, first in 17 years, projected Garca to
the national political scenario with number one for Lima, in the list of APRA
candidates to the Camera of the Congress, where the party, with 26% of the
votes and 58 deputies, was in second position after the Party Popular Action
(AP) that was of center formation
founded by president's moderate
conservative Fernando Belande Terry who was deposed by the military ones in
1968.
In the presidential election, Belande won Villanueva that could not remedy the
electoral decrease happened by the disappearance of Haya de la Torre. While
the old militants of the party were discredited with the antagonistic positions
leftist of Villanueva and the moderate of Andrs Townsend Ezcurra -candidate
to the vicepresidencia - Garca attracted all the looks with its vehement
parliamentary opposition to the Accin Popular Government.
The APRA, worried by its future, concentrated its hopes on Garca that you
grieve he was 30 years old and it began to confer him internal responsibilities.
Confirmed in the National Secretary of Organization in October of 1979, in the
XII Congress, in the tumultuous XIII Congress, celebrated the 3 and 4 of August
of 1980, were designated president of the Commission of Ideology and Doctrine
displacing Luis Alberto Snchez, leader aligned with the theses of Townsend.
In 1981 it ceased as national secretary of Organization and in the XV Congress,
the 9 and 10 of October of 1982, substituted the diminished Villanueva in the
General Secretary of the party, taking possession of the effective leadership of
the APRA.
Their proposals of reconcile the internal divisions, of opening to other segments
of the electorate and of renovation of the speech of the party, in the sense of
revising the traditional mottos of national sovereignty in front of the North
American prepotency and of social justice assuming the notions of modernity
and effectiveness (what supposed a change in the leftist political ideals), they
won the progressive adhesion of the APRA militants, so that in January of 1984,
y means of the secret vote of all the members, was proclaimed candidate to the
presidential elections of 1985.
Garca based its campaign on the opposition of the liberal pattern of market
applied by Belande, in the moralization of the administration and, in the
energetic combat to the insurgency of the group Maoist Sendero Luminoso that
had begun its guerilla and terrorists actions in Ayacucho, coinciding with the
return of the democracy. Their personal friendship with the then president of the
Spanish Government, the socialist Felipe Gonzlez, and the comparisons
between the new APRA and the Spanish PSOE (that had won a firm majority in
1982 making flag of the change and the transformation), they cooperated,
without a doubt, to the image of modernity and progressivism of the Peruvian
postulante. One of you proclaim them more used it was that of the
Government for all the Peruvians".

2. PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC WITH A HETERODOX

DIARY
The electoral of April 14 of 1985, boycotted by the senderists with attacks and
sabotages, was doubly historical for the Peru, because brought the first
democratic relief from 1945 (the succession Manuel Prado and Jos Luis
Bustamante y Rivero), as the conquest of the power for the party that had
always shown the political protagonism and era the oldest in country.
Garca monopolized 45,7% of the emitted votes (although 53,1% of the valid
votes, excluding to the blank and null), more than double those obtained by its
immediate rival, the Marxist and mayor from Lima Alfonso Barrantes Lingn, for
the United Left coalition (Izquierda Unida). In third place it was the social
christians Luis Bedoya Reyes, for Democratic Convergence, and in a stingy
fourth position the official candidate, Javier Alva Orlandini, reflecting the degree
of dissatisfaction generated by the administration of the sober and sophisticated
Belande.
When not reaching the necessary 50% of the votes then with the electoral code
effective, Garca should go to a second voting with Barrantes, but this retired of
the process with the end, according to its declaration, of not prolonging more
the political uncertainty, so that June 1 the Electoral National Council
proclaimed at the first one, elect president and July 28 he assumed possession
of its five-year command. Also, the APRA had paths absolute majorities with 110
legislators' (from180) in the Camera of Deputies and, of 32 (from 60) in the
Senate. In their condition of boss of the State Garca ceased as deputy and
general secretary of the party, while in the Government presided over by Luis
Alva Castro (Prime Ministry), also obtained ministries the Christian Democratic
Party (PDC), division of the Party Popular Christian (PPC) of Bedoya Reyes.
The youngest constitutional leader - of 36 years old - in the history of the Peru
their administration began with some equally unprecedented indexes of
popularity, agglutinating the hopes of a punished population for the adjustment
politicians and an alarming violence to position so much of the insurgent groups
as of the forces of security of the State.
The economic scene of 1985 was such that the country suffered a more
financial crisis that of production, with the dollar quoting to 12.000 soles
and the inflation marking 230%. Also, the unemployment affected to the
active population's third part.
At the beginning, Garca confronted the guerrilla's attack with spirit pacifier. He
created a Commission of Peace in charge of looking after the human rights and
of mediating among the armed forces and the guerrilla, but the persistent
impunity in the abuses and exactions of some and of other it precipitated the
failure of this Comosin, for the resignation of their members, of this organ of
the civil society July 7 1986. Before and later the Government was forced to
renovate the emergency states periodically in the most conflicting departments
and until in the own Lima.

Certainly, the Maoist organization didn't lend heard to any appeasement formula
and it doubled its attacks against facilities of energy supply, not giving truce to
the new administration. On the other hand, the ceasings for Garca to the high
police and military commands were linked so much to the desire of combatting
the violence inside Right State like to reduce the ramifications of the drug traffic.
However, the Government's disposition peaceful received the blow of grace in
June of 1986, when the simultaneous mutinies of convicts senderistas in the
prisions of Lurigancho, The Fronton and Santa Brbara (both in Callao) they
were suffocated brutally by the Republican Policy and the Army Forces.
After the assault for the forces of the order were two hundreds and half of
mortal victims, many of them executed summarily. The over repression had
bigger international repercussion to take place in eves of the International
Socialist's XVII Congress (IS), the first one taken place in Latin America, and of
the one that Garca waited support declarations to its administration. The
encounter was devaluated when not attending any leader in asset alleging
reasons of security.
With everything, the international critics for the massacre were less
unfavourable before the national public opinion that the wave of reprisals untied
by Sendero Luminoso that included among their operations the selective
murder of political leaders and social activists. October 11 1986 the own Garca
escaped unhurt of an attack in Juliaca.
In the delicate chapter of external Debt, calculated and that time in the
13.000 million dollars and whose refund ballasted the possibilities of the
national development, Garca let remarked well from the beginning that the
upgrade didn't figure in his diary.
Already in their first message to the nation he explained that the Peru had the
firm will of making honor to its international commitments and paying its
creditors, but, since didn't have payment capacity, it won't dedicate to the
service of the debt more than 10% of its revenues in foreign currencies coming
from the export, neither neither it will follow the verdicts of the IMF, preferring
the direct and punctual negotiations with the governments and supplying banks.
In the later days, Garca announced the revision of the benefits of the big
companies and of the contracts of exploitation of the foreign companies, as well
as the restriction of the monopolist activities.
In August of 1985 their Government applied a first package anticrisis whose
main actions were: a moratorium of six months in the international payments of
the Peru; a monetary devaluation of 12% starting from the fixation of the official
type of change of the sol with regard to the new currency, the inti, to reason of
1000 for unit, and of this with relationship to the dollar to reason of 10,9 for unit
(the transition of the Sol to the inti currency concluded in the summer of 1987);
the freezing of the prices of the goods and services, excepting those derived of
the petroleum that experienced slow rises; severe dispositions against the
Public Prosecutorevasion; and ascents controlled in the minimum wages.

The explosive announcement of Garca attracted the attention of all South

America, in bigger or smaller degree anguished by the ballast of the debt, and
its popularity among the progressive sectors it was increased when in
September when he announced in the United Nations that, if was not a solution
to this cardinal problem of the countries under developed, the Peru could even
abandon the IMF.
The tightness with United States took a serious look when December 27 the
Government nationalized the company Belco Petroleum that operated in the
continental platform in front of the coast northern Peruvian, for not consenting to
the new conditions to renovate their the contract. The negotiations didn't reach
agreement with other American oil companies and the Government no repaired
in nationalizes them.
mo calificaba de "poltica de resistencia contra el imperialismo".
1986 were a year of disencounters that divorced Garca of the international
financial organisms whose attendance was vital for a country with a very weak
structure, but not still of most of the society that continued supporting its
energetic style and its rudeness for a while, in that that him same it described
as resistance politics against the imperialism."
The rejection of the already well-known as the terrible Enfant of Latin America to
adopt the neoliberal recipes prescribed to renegotiate the growing foreign debt
culminated, August of 1986, 15 coinciding with the expiration of a departure of
debt of 180 million dollars, with the declaration for the IMF of Peru like ineligible
country, what supposed in the practice the interruption of the so much credits of
the mentioned organization like of the World Bank or of the Interamerican Bank
of Development (IDB).
Garca reacted to this negative consequence of its interventionist political
defending the its first year-old successes, in the fight against the inflation
(reduced to 60%) and in the I stimulate of the growth (8,5% of the GDP, the
highest rate in Latin America). It also highlighted the approval of favorable
measures to the workers, as the law of labor stability and the salary increments
above the index of prices, that that indeed improved the capacity of the
beneficiaries' purchase, to the price, but, of appealing to the emission currency
incontrolated germ of the inflationary hairspring of the following years, and of
increasing the deficit in the treasury of the State.
The president hoped to base the growth of the economy fundamentally on
the internal consumption, without appealing to the credit and the foreign
investments, exit populist of autarchical overlike that collided with a double
reality insoslayable of the Peru: the scarce resources characteristic of a
developing country and the high percentage of the active population separated
from the productive system, well to be in the unemployment, well to work in the
submerged economies.
The APRA Government's heterodox guidelines were not imitated in any other
country of the hemisphere, but in 1986 feeling national was still favorable to the

leftist movements: in the municipal elections of November 9 the APRA a

crushing victory was awarded and made sure the Mayor's offices of Lima,
Cuzco and other main cities.

3. THE SOMBER BALANCES OF THE FIVE YEAR OF

ALAN PERIODS
1987 a call fourth via, neither neoliberal pro American, neither socialist to the
Cuban, neither revolutionary-military to the style of the velasquism that
Garca preached it was drained in 1987. The subsidies to all the sectors and
the credits to interest zero took to the crash to public financial entities, while the
control of the prices ended up collapsing to many private industries.
The distressing non-liquidity of the State, by reason of the Public
Prosecutorescape and the evaporation of the reservations of foreign currencies,
took Garca July 28 1987 to announce two draconian measures: first, the
nationalization, with right to compensation, of all the bank entities, except the
foreign branches, and of some insurance companies, not belonging to the
State, and second, the prohibition of the operations of change of foreign
currencies outside of the public institutions.
The intervention, normalized as nationalized law, it was sanctioned by the
Camera of Deputies with the support of IU September 29 and he went into
effect October 12 amid a phenomenal national controversy. Two days later, the
Government took with a spectacular unfolding the control of the two main
private banks of the country, that of Credit and the Wiese. However, the
nationalizations stayed there, since the socialization law was refuted by
communities that were considered harmed and the whole process was gotten
muddy in the tribunals of justice.
Garca defended of those that accused him of imposing the economic
dictatorship and of breaking the principles of the liberal State adducing that it
was to control the circulating monetary mass, of impeding the flight of capitals
and of assuring that the bank financings went indeed to development projects
and not to speculative operations. The empresariado and the private
shareholders reacted in block against the APRA Government, but this was also
alienated the support of the urban middle classes that saw be in danger their
purchasing power with the unstoppable increase of the inflation.
The turn to the left of Garca was interpreted like an escape toward ahead in a
situation limit for its administrationharassed from multiple fronts, lately also from
the sindical sectors that summoned the first general idles of his government in
May. Apart from this, June 22 resigned the first minister Alva Castro, first of four
replacements up to 1990 related with the political and economic tensions, with
the intention of challenging the leadership of Garca in the next congress of the
party.
1987 still registered a growth of 6%, but it was eclipsed by the overdrafts in the
commercial and financial scales. Also, the inflation returned to the three digits

10

120% -, and the population that had seen bitterly disappointed its hopes of
peace and prosperity, it began to suffer the shortage of supplies of products of
first necessity. When beginning 1988 the administration of Garca it seemed
paralyzed, unable to approached economic plot catastrophe.
1988. In September of 1988 the Government presided over by Villanueva del
Campo threw an adjustment plan, the denominated paquetazo, consistent in the
devaluation of the inti of 33 to 250 units for dollar, the average elevation of the
prices of the goods and services in 300% and the partial re privatization of the
banking, but inapelablemente failed: the year it finished with a rate of inflation of
2000%, a recession of 8%, a commercial deficit of 600 million dollars, a debit in
the bill of reservations of foreign currencies of 350 millions, external debt
accumulated by 18.000 millions and a half decrease of the purchasing power
from the superior workers to 50%. Nevertheless the official rate, in the street the
dollar was already paid to 700 intis.
meanwhile, Sendero Luminoso. that for their leader's mouth, Abimael Guzmn,
declared its intention of taking the power for the force, it terrified the capital with
its armed unemployments and sabotages against lines of high tension, and in
the rural areas it shared guerilla activities with the Marxist Revolutionary
Movement Tpac Amaru (MRTA) whose maximum boss, Victor Polay Fields, it
was captured in February 14 1989 without more consequences for the course of
the subversion. Of the havocs suffered by the Andean rural communities they
were not other people's some troops of the Army, authors of peasants'
slaughters and responsible for a situation of impunity that favored the
appearance of groups to the style of the death squadrons of the Central
American.
Affected by a dramatic loss of popularity, December 16 of 1988 Garca
resigned of the headquarters of the APRA in the congress of the party as hall of
their future abandonment of the politics, and Alva Castro candidate it was
nominated to the Presidency of the Republic in the elections of 1990. The
vituperated Garca had for ahead a year and half of calvary in which the data of
the economic disaster were overlapped to the rumors of premature
renouncement or suddenly military, and the attempts of popular explosion by
the crisis of supplies.
1989 only in December of 1989 Garca, after offering the debtors the payment
in species (10% of the Peruvian exports) it threw the towel and it returned to the
orthodoxy: it accepted to make a payment of 42 million dollars quarterly in
concept of the last service of the debt and the IMF responded reactivating its
credit lines. Also, the Government attempted also - to revert the commercial
deficit and the penury of foreign currencies cutting pure and simply the imports,
with the rising impact on the shortage of all type of consumption goods.
The penultimate year of the command of Garca it marked a recession of 14%
of the GDP and a foreign debt of 20.000 million dollars, this is, 90% of the GDP.
The hyperinflation reached 2,773% and the dollar ended up quoting until the
4.800 intis to the official change. As positive data, the commercial scale

11

registered a surplus of 1.300 million dollars and the deficit of the national
reservations was clipped sensibly.
In foreign policy, Garca abided at the beginning of non alignment and it was
shown active in the diverse multilateral forums of the hemisphere of those that
the Peru was member. October 12 1989 presided over then in Ica the III
Meeting of the denominated Group of the Eight (today, Grupo de Rio) that put
emphasis in the insert of the national economies in the external markets, and
December 18 of the same year he united to their homologous of Bolivia,
Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela in the signature of the Declaration of
Galapagos that joined commitments for potentially the integration multisectorial
of the area and the cooperation in matters of security, fundamentally in the fight
against the drug traffic.
Without reaching the levels of Colombia, the crime rate bound to the illegal
trade of narcotics grew couple to the political violence during the five year
period of Garca. The participation of the Peruvian leader in the antidrug special
summit of Cartagena of India February 15 1990 together with the presidents
George Bush, Jaime Peace Zamora and Virgilio Ship was good to ratify the
commitment of his country in the fight against this serious problem and in
passing it alleviated the tensions with United States.
Also, Garca, as long as statesman of the Group of Support to Contadora Group
(informal forums of consultations on the exploration of preventive actions
against the extension of the conflicts armed in Central America, and of whose
coalition in December 1986 in fact arose the Group of the Eight), it facilitated
the beats of negotiations between Government and Salvadoran guerrilla, and
on the other hand leadership the denominated Group of Consent formed by the
11 more indebted countries of Latin America.
The municipal elections of November 12 1989 served as thermometer of a
presidency that the great majority of the Peruvians considered, not already
unsuccessful, but as the worst that they remembered. The APRA suffered a
boisterous fall in front of the coalition conservative Democratic Front (Fredemo),
leadership for the celebrated writer Mario Vargas Llosa and integrated by AP,
the PPC and the Movement Freedom (ML) that the own Vargas Llosa
encouraged, a qualified organization to itself of civic and independent
movement but that it represented to the powerful elites managerial defenders of
the free market.
In the elections of April 8 1990 the APRA candidate presidential, Alva Castro,
only added 22% of the votes and it was disqualified for the second position in
front of Vargas Llosa and the independent Alberto Fujimori, an unknown doctor
in Sciences that it jumped to the political proscenium in question of days and
that it finished running off with with the victory in the urns by means of a populist
campaign to coast of the monumental socioeconomic mess left by Garca. In
the Camera of Deputies, the APRA fell to the 54 benches with 17% of the votes
and it was overcome by the Fredemo, although soon after the breakup of this
tripartite alliance the party of the salient leader recovered the parliamentary
primacy

12

YEARS AFTER THE EXIT OF THE POWER

July 28of 1990 Garca abandoned the supreme magistracy with a wide consent
on their ramshackle administration that he had left the country in economic
crash (that year the production other 6% fell and the hyperinflation marked the
maximum bench mark of 7.500%), with the public order destroyed by a war civil
and with the honor of its institutions questioned by the cases of corruption and
the excesses in the fight contrainsurgent.
Garca became senator vitalicio for right and this new position came to
compensate the INHERENT PRIVILEGES OF IMMUNITY partly to the previous
one, but a lot of time didn't pass without they took procedural actions in its
against for diverse irregularities presumably made during his government.
In August 1 1991 the public prosecutor from New York that investigated
the corrupt plot of the Bank of Credit and International Trade (BCCI) it
incriminated him in the illegal activities of this financial group, concretely
in the placement of deposits for bill of the Central Bank of Reservation
(BCR) of the Peru, operation in which bribes would have been generated.
(3)
The Peruvian Supreme Court admitted the demand risen by a Commission
of Investigation of the Congress, and opened up to Garca several
accusations for the crimes of illicit enrichment (in connection with its
presumed participation in the irregularity of the BCR and, in the sale and
purchase of airplanes Mirage to France, as well as with the presumed
holding of bank bills not justified), tributary evasion and against the
public faith.
October 19 1991 the Senate solved to suspend Garca in his congress member
functions so that responds in the face of the justice of the constitutional
accusation for illicit enrichment, but January 29 1992 the First Penal Room of
the Supreme Court declared him acquitted by lack of evidences.
The ex president defended his innocence personally before the concerned
political and judicial instances, and he assured to be object of an operation of
personal and moral destruction on the part of those that feared his return to the
electoral lid. When it seemed that went away the ghost of a prosecution, at the
5 to 6 April of 1992, took place the Coup d'tat of Fujimori and for Garca that
was general secretary of his political party from the previous year, it began a
persecution stage and exile.

In the last hours of April 5 Garca escapes from the command military
correspondent to arrest him in his home of Lima. In intrepid action, the former
president, according to his testimony, defended to shots and he was able to
escape for her neighborhood's roofs before taking refuge in a house in
3

Ver captulo II

13

construction. During two months it remained hidden in Lima in diverse particular

housings, until June 1 were welcomed in the embassy of Colombia and the
following day it left to the neighboring country, in a military airplane freighted by
the president Cesar Gaviria. There he met with their wife and children that had
remained isolated and arrest conditions after the blow.
In the eight following years Garca and their family distributed their residence
among Bogot, welcomed to the political asylum given by the Colombian
Government, and Paris. The Government of Fujimori resuscitated the judicial
diligences in his against and it began new causes, charging fame the matter of
the presumed reception of a bribe of a million dollars in exchange for granting to
the Italian company Tralima for the concession of the electric train of Lima.
September 23 1992 the new Prosecutor of the Nation, completely
accommodating to the interests of the power, it ordered to reopen the instruction
for the crime of undue enrichment, cause that was confirmed by the Special
Penal Room of the Supreme Court March 17 1993 and that it authorized the
outrage like senatorfor life. Private of their parliamentary immunity, Garca also
ceased in the General Secretary of the APRA, but he didn't separate the
political activities.
In August of 1995 a special tribunal of the judicial case dictated charge an
international order of search and it captures for graft of funds dedicated
to finance the project of the electric train. Equally, to avoid the
prescription of the imputed crimes, Garca was declared contumacious
criminal. The arrest commandment was assumed by the Supreme Court in
September of 1996 and in August of 1997 it reiterated it.
Meanwhile, the implacable machinery of the fujimorismo and the unanswerable
popular support of which enjoyed during years relegated to the APRA and other
discredited parties from the old rgime to the most absolute margination. In the
general elections of April 9of 1995, that finished off with success the juridical
and institutional lattice elaborated to the president's and their party measure,
the APRA candidate Mercedes Cabanillas Bustamante was in third place
with 4,1% of the votes, and in the Congress the party only placed 8 deputies
with 6,5% of the votes.
The results were even worse in the elections of April of 2000, 9 suspects of
fraudulent, with 1,4% for Saline Abel Eyzaguirre in the presidential ones and
5,5%, translated in 6 benches, in the legislatives, the scantiest figures never
obtained by the APRA in the urns. June 6 1997 the APRA united to the parties
AP, PPC, IU, Union for the Peru (UPP) and Front Independent Moralist (FIM) in
the Parliamentary Block of Democratic Opposition to join forces against the
hegemony of the alliance official Change 90-New Majority.
Garca that in 1998 cre in the Gallic capital the Association Municipalities
Without Frontiers, a hypothetical return was blocked to the electoral Peruvian
fight by two norms approved by the Congress: the denominated law antiimpunity, good known in the street like anti-Alan law " that it impeded the
postulation to a representative position of those people with processes judicial

14

slopes for crime against the State, and the law of contumacy that seated the
non prescription of the causes while the accused was outside of the country.
The one affected insisted in this whole time to be victim of a persecution with
invented accusations.

5. SOUND RETURN WITH THE FALL OF FUJIMORI

But after the flight in November of 2000 of Fujimori to Japan, precipitated by the
look that was taking the scandal of political bribes played by their adviser of
security, Vladimiro Montesinos, the law anti-impunity was found unconstitutional
and December 1 the Congress repealed it. Then, January of 2001, 18 the
Supreme Court concluded that the pending causes against Garca had
prescribed and it annulled the detention orders in his s against.
In their dictamination, the highest instance judicial Peruvian considered the
recommendation of declaring inapplicable the law of contumacy formulated by
the Interamerican Court of human rights (CIDH), to which Garca had elevated
a complaint to consider that the retroactive application of that norm in its
case violated its fundamental rights. In fact, January 8, being early to the
verdict of the Supreme Court, the former leader inscribed before the National
Jury of Elections his candidacy to the presidential elections of April 8 that
should complete the open period of democratic normalization after the fall of the
authoritarian rgime of Fujimori.
The entrance in the electoral war took place in the last day of the skilled term for
it and he obtained the previous approval unanimously of the National Executive
Committee of the APRA, with the general secretary Jorge del Castillo Glvez to
the head. January 27 Garca landed in company of his wife in the airport of
Lima coming from Bogot, putting an end to near nine years of exile, to start its
campaign.
The spectacular return of Garca, although not for ignorance of the one that had
always been their ambition since their first exercise expired in the power, it
caused a commotion in the Peru, where opinions were expressed for all the
likes. And it is that the character, object of hates and of affections unquenchable
not less firm (the less ones, nevertheless), to anybody left indifferent.
Of entrance, many APRA directing distrusted of its old boss, and they preferred
to support Alejandro Toledo Manrique, candidate defeated in the elections from
2000 to the front of the party Possible Peru (PP) and, main leader of the
opposition in the last tract of the fujimorism; political of strong tug among the
popular classes and, especially among the communities racial cholo (mestizos
of Indians and Creole, of those that he was a clear exponent) and purely Indian,
Toledo seemed to the APRA militants with ideological concern the only one able
to beat Lourdes Flowers Nano, candidate of the conservative forces contained
under the acronym UN (National Union). Among the forces of the opposition
Garca also had censorious, as the congress member of the FIM and equally

15

presidential candidate Fernando Olivera, its main one accusing for the crimes of
corruption.
When beginning the year with Garca they only bet a handful of unconditional,
being so 65% of those interviewed continued considering him a criminal and it
assured that they would never vote for him. With everything, already in the later
days to their arrival to Lima, Garca climbed to the third place with 12 % support
in the vote preferences of among a dozen of applicants.
Now then, the political experience, their formidable talent like speaker and their
ease performing on massive media, grateful aptitudes recognized for their
more inveterate enemies (half seriously half joking the press diffused the
advice, of not listening its meetings because the charmer of snakes was able to
convince"), they allowed Garca to enter with force in the electoral campaign.
While Toledo that feared the capacity of the former president's seduction, and
Lourdes Flores got involved in a war of insults and accusations, Garca
awarded them implicitly the left labels and right, respectively, to be located him
in a center position characterized by the moderate speeches and Government's
concrete proposals.
Exploiting their image of Creole mestizo, Garca was presented to the
undecided and more susceptible of forgetting electorate the recent past of the
country like an experienced and temperate, more mature statesman and that he
had learned of the past "errors in the eighty years, expression of a light selfcriticism that made stress in the phenomenon of the hyperinflation, which
originated the bad reputation of the rgime and which he doesn't have excuse".
The third candidate in discord gathered many votes among the voters
disenchanted with the ordinary fight between Toledo and Lourdes Flores,
avoiding the you proclaim populists and excluding and impacting in questions
as the liberal economic polices revision, the restructuring of the debt, the
discount of the prices of the public rates, the Public Prosecutorbalance, the
attraction of investments and the launching of an Agrarian Bank.
Of reaching the Presidency, it assured, the rigor and the economic stability
would be their Government's axes, and in the social chapter he promised to
create a million work positions the first year, the total granted of the schools, the
creation of technological universities in the counties and the reduction in 50% of
the cost of the medications. For better to safeguard the human rights, he said
that the correct thing would be to restore the Constitution of 1979, displaced by
the Constitution of 1993.
April 8 jumped the surprise and Garca, with 25,8% of the votes, it snatched to
Lourdes Flores the second position. In the elections to the Congress the APRA
was made with 29 benches with 19,7% of the votes, becoming the second force
of the Camera of 120 members after PP. Of face to the second beat of June 3,
Garca and Toledo sustained a televised debate that it ended up in charts
because they were neutralized mutually with ironic vituperations (the first one
was described as violator of human rights and thief, and the second of
cocainmano little legitimated to give advice of morality). In that occasion, both

16

ignored the aspects that more worried the population: the economic penuries,
the corruption and the abuses of the forces of security.
The fringe of undecided voters will be decisive to decant the scale toward one
or another applicant, and June 3 it was Garca, with 47,5% of the votes, the one
defeated. According to the analysts, ultimately the memory of the former
president's calamitous administration that hurried to congratulate the winner in
an example in good democratic ways, and prevailed the recognition of the
merits of Toledo in the fall of the rgime of Fujimori. In answer to the elect
president's offer of forming an agreement executive with all the political forces
free of corruption", the leader aprista offered his collaboration for the
gobernabilidad of the country, but it clarified that his place was in the
parliamentary opposition.
Alan Garca is author of several books on the Peruvian reality and Latin
American: The different future, To the immense majority, The financial
disarmament, The false modernity, The world of Machiavello, The regional
revolution, Alan Garcias defense, My Government made the regionalizacin,
The new totalitarianism and The infamous decade: foreign debt 1990-1999. At
the present time he is honorary president of the IS.

17

CHAPTER II: THE CRIMES DE ALAN GARCIA

"Alan Garca Prez doesn't want to be judged by the Peruvian
tribunals. Although he no longer has pretexts, because the
dictatorship of Fujimori and Montesinos already fell, it
continues alleging prescription. That is to say, it sustains that
the time already passed to judge its crimes. The reason is
very simple: if Garca Prez is judged, of insurance it would
be sentenced, because the evidences are overwhelming. The
judicial files demonstrate this way it.
The accusation of a National supreme Prosecutor probe and
spotless, as Nelly Caldern, current attorney of the Nation, is
overwhelming. The judge's verdict that studied the case, the
Supreme Vowel Hugo Sivina, equally honest magistrate, also
accuses Garca Prez. For that reason he avoids the justice with
all the chicaneries and legal argucy within their reach.
The evidences of the accusations toward Alan Garca Prez is documented in
the judicial files that next are detailed:

FILE N001-95 (electric train, Channel 13 and dollars MUC)

In December of 1995 the Supreme District attorney Nelly Caldern in
their verdict 1750-95 conclude that ... they are properly credited the
commission of the crimes of Passive Bribe and foreseen Illicit
Enrichment and sanctioned by the Arts. 349 and 361-A of the Penal
Code of 1924 in author's quality and as instigator in the
commission of the crimes of Illegal Collusion and Incompatible
Negotiation, foreseen and sanctioned in the Arts. 344 and 345 of
the Penal Code of 1924, respectively, as well as penal responsibility
of the processed Alan's Gabriel Ludwig Garca Prez."
In the Final Report of the Instruction opened up by Hugo Stolen Sivina,
Instructor Supreme Vowel, of March of 1996 against Alan Garca Prez, it
concludes that the criminal facts imputed to the one processed are
credited, saying for their Penal Responsibility, as instigator in the
commission of the crimes of Illegal Collusion and Incompatible
Negotiation and, as author of the crimes of Passive Bribe and of
Illicit Enrichment, against the Peruvian State.
NELLY CALDERON
Supreme district attorney in the Contentious Administrative

18

Verdict 1750-95 directed to the Mr. Vowel Instructor

File N001-95
December 12 1995
"This instruction begins to merit of the penal accusation formulated
by the Miss Public Prosecutor of the Nation elevated to the
President of the Supreme Court of Justice... and there being
approved unanimously for the Democratic Constituent Congress...
April of l995 28,... 'To FOUND MERIT TO FORMATION OF
ACUSATION against the former Constitutional President of the
Republic Doctor Alan Garca for the merit to the accusatory verdict
of the Commission of Inspection of the CCD date January 04 1995,
when having incurred in the presumed Commission of crimes of
Illegal Collusion, Incompatible Negotiation, Suborn Passive and
Illicit Enrichment, delinquent facts that are foreseen and punished...
being sustained in the following facts":
A.- ILLEGAL COLLUSION :
"The attitude of the one processed is evident... as for their
intention of benefitting economically with the execution of the
Project of the Electric Train of Lima for whose effect.... be believed
the Autonomous Authority of the Special Project of the Electric
System of Massive Transport of Lima and Callao (AATE) without
mediating any project to execute; for their evident concern and
interest so that this project is executed to the margin of technical
studies and with the purpose of obtaining a future benefit... this
interest of the one processed also shows for its interference and
pressure on the competent officials to favor the recruiting of the
Italian companies... according to the Article 100 of the Penal Code
of 1924, the one prosecuted, intentionally induced their
officials to make the crime low pressure and imparting undue
orders and unaware to their function, configuring their
participation in instigator's quality and intellectual author of
the deceitful behavior."

B. - INCOMPATIBLE NEGOTIATION:
"For the evident interference and pressure that it exercised
the processed on the competent officials so that they have a
parialiced behavior in favor of the Italian companies. ...."

19

C. - SUBORN PASSIVE:
"The doctor Alan Garca Prez sustained linkings and treatments
with the ex-president of the council of Ministers of Italy Bettino
Craxi from September of 1986 with the object that Italian
companies take charge of the execution of the Project of the
Electric Train...; that Mr. Luciano Scipione Glarini, President of the
Consortium TRALIMA that subscribed the contracts with the AATE
who is processed in the face of the Italian justice, has recognized
the payment of commissions for the Project of the Electric Train;
that the person that would make effective the payment of the
commissions to the one prosecuted was the Italian citizen Sergio
Siragusa Mule, advisory of the Consortium TRALIMA... having
given him directly cash $200.000 and $840.000 through the bank
bill N 280762361-2952733 of the Barclay's Bank PLG of Great
Cayman......"

D. - ILLICIT ENRICHMENT:
"The disproportion of revenues reported by the acquisition in coproperty among Alfredo Zanatti and Alan Garca Prez of the
airship registration DG-855-F N OB-1200 cannot be justified with
its revenues perceived as President of the Republic during the
command 1985-90 and of its ulterior economic activities, there not
being you credited the origin of the perceived patrimonial
increment, there being you verified the juridical budgets of the
crime of Illicit Enrichment...".
"That, in consequence, the described facts and attributable to Alan
Garca Prez configures the presumed commission in author's of
the crimes of Passive Bribe quality and of Illicit Enrichment and as
instigator of the commission of the crimes of Illegal Collusion and
Incompatible Negotiation inside the functional exercise as expresident of the Republic, those that jurisdictionally should be
elucidated to determine the circumstances in that the criminal facts
and the responsibility like author or instigator have been
perpetrated, according to the case..."

CONCLUSIONS OF THE MINISTRY PUBLISH ON THE ACTED EVIDENCES.

Of the analysis of the process and acted evidences, this Public
Ministry reaches the following conclusions:
A. - CRIME OF ILLEGAL COLLUSION:

20

"February of 1986, 20 by means of D.S. N 001-86-MIPRE are declared

of necessity public and preferable social interest the establishment of an
electric system of massive transport for the cities of Lima and Callao...
and it is believed the Autonomous Authority of the Project Special Electric
System of Massive Transport of Lima and Callao... this entity is
believed without it had an integral study of the project... that these
facts demonstrate the processed Alan's intention Garca Prez of
taking this project ahead without having been carried out the
corresponding technical studies ... he also suits to have present that in
the session of the Directory of the AATE of the 29 of Julio 1986 the
beginning of the civil works was approved... that the Boss of the National
Institute of Planning grants priority to execute two kilometers of civil
works without demanding the economic presentation of technical
study of feasibility of the project and neither it demanded the
determination of the characteristics of the rolling material of the
system, the one mounts of the total investment, their financing and the
technical justification of the sequence of the execution of the different
tracts, everything it with the purpose that the one processed
benefitted economically; also, according to the ex-presidents' of the
AATE declaration... there was on the part of the prosecuted Alan
Garca Prez permanent pressure so that the civil works culminate
in the year of 1986,... that equally Alan Garca Prez interfered, it
pressed and it got that the Italian company ITALFERR acted as
consultant of the project of the Electric Train........
"This second contract with TRALIMA was signed in the twilights of Alan's
presidential command Garca Prez, that is to say he also took place in
way precipitate being evidenced Alan Garca Prezs interest so that this
second contract subscribed with TRALIMA.... "Of the above-mentioned
he comes off that there was instigation of Alan Garca Prez for the
commission of the crime of illegal collusion, caused in serious
damage to the Peruvian State because you could not compare the
Italian proposal with other bidders inscribed in the International
Registration of the Project of the Electric Train....
"In consequence, in opinion of this Public Ministry the processed Alan
Garca Prez should be considered as instigator in the commission of
the illegal, foreseen collusion crime and sanctioned by the Art. 344 of
the Penal Code of 1924 and that according to the article 100 of the
same legal body, for the effects of the penalty have the same treatment
given to the author of the crime."

B. - INCOMPATIBLE NEGOTIATION:
"Like it has been expressed before, the processed Alan Garca Prez, ...
exerted permanent pressure... .para that first, the civil works concluded
without a definitive project existed at plane level neither neither an
analysis cost-benefit of the technology to be applied, without

21

definitive line...; as well as he had the direct intervention in the

negotiations for the financing of the Project ... until the subscription
of the contracts with TRALIMA in deteriorate of other bidders
organizing a farce in the apparent selection of companies for the
execution of the Project of the Electric Train... ; in this case the one
processed doesn't participate like active fellow of the crime of
incompatible .... nevertheless their participation is as instigator and that
to tenor of that prepared by the Art.100 of the same body legal noun,
when having been credited an intentional ingerencia on the officials
responsible for the celebration of the administrative acts, the penalty also
has the same treatment that the author of the crime".

C. PASSIVE BRIBE:
"... That Mr. Luciano Scipione Clarini, President of the Consortium
TRALIMA that subscribed the contracts with the AATE has recognized
the payment of commissions for the Project of the Electric Train of
Lima... and the person that made effective the payment of
commissions to the ex-president Alan Garca Prez was Mr. Sergio
Siragusa Mule, advisory of the Consortium TRALIMA
... that he had several meetings with Alan Garca Prez... and one in
Rome the 07 of September of 1989 opportunity in which invited it to
ascend to the official car to attend the ceremony of inauguration of the
train of Rome, in a tract, circumstance in the one that Alan Garca Prez
manifested him that Mr. Bettino Craxi was taking him the hair since Mr.
-Bettino Craxi - if he had received the in favor contribution and that
Sergio Siragusa had to inform to the page bigger envelope its demand of
the contribution of for less six figures, that is to say a million dollars and
that the inevitable necessity existed of having the first contribution of the
$500,000 to cover the costs of the campaign of the Municipality of Lima;
... the witness Sergio Siragusa Mule continues manifesting that in the
first days of October of 1989 in Palace of Government gave cash
$200,000Alan Garca Prez, ... that then three remittances were
made with dates October 11 1989 of 300,000 in the calculated bill
N285762361-2952735 of the Barclays Bank of the Great Cayman;
with date l4 of January of 1990 a remittance is made of $300,000 at the
same bill and August of 1990, 14 another for $240,000 to the same
account .. Alfredo Zanatti Tavolara, in connection with the facts
described before, refers that to order of Alan Garca Prez opened a
bill to bring money for the channel 13, according to it expressed
him this, giving him then the N280762361-2952733 that
corresponds the Barclays Bank in the Islands of the Great Cayman
that it belongs to the Worldwide Financial Holding and that he opened up
August 28 1989 with a thousand dollars for Jos Lzaga; also it points
out that in this bill it deposited money of his companies, noticing that
when revising this bill there was money that was not of their companies
like the quantity of $995,153.13 with date 07 of September of 1989; the

22

deposit of $300,000 of date October 12 1989; the entered deposit of

$1'000,000, November 16 1989; $300,000 entered January 04 1990;
$239,985 of August 14 1990 that of these deposits it was informed in
advance by Alan Garca Prez in a verbal way; it is noticed that the
montos of $300,000 sent with date October 11 1989; of other $300,000
deposited January 04 1990 and of $240,000 with date August 14 1990
that Mr. Sergio Siragusa says it deposited in the calculated bill N
N285762361-2952735 and that it was provided by Alan Garca Prez,
he keeps relationship in amounts opportunity with those referred by
Alfredo Zanatti Tavolara, ... Alfredo Zanatti continues pointing out that of
those $995,153.13 were transferred with date 12 of September from
1989 to the International Bank the amount of $494,000 and the 21 of
September of 1989, $500,000, also to the Interbank; that these two
transfers were dedicated for Radiodifusora 1160 (Channel 13);...
"Of the above-mentioned we can conclude that Alan Garca Prez
incurred in the illicit penalty of passive bribe, foreseen and
sanctioned by the Art. 349 of the Penal Code of 1924."

D. - ILLICIT ENRICHMENT:
"With relationship to this illicit prison should remember that Alfredo
Zanatti Tavolara in their declaration.... he manifested that to order of
Alan Garca Prez and with the purpose of bringing money to invest in
the Company Radiodifusora 1160 CORP. -channel 13 -, he opened
August 31 1989 a bill encrypted in the Barclays Bank of the Great low
Cayman the N 2952733-280762361
... noticing, according to
expressed, when revising this bill that there was money that was not of
their companies like the quantity of $995,153.13 of date 07 of
September of 1989 and $1'000,000 entered November 16 1989 besides
the deposits made by Sergio Siragusa for the sums of $300,000 of date
October 12 1989; $300,000 entered January 04 1990 and $239,985 of
August of 1990, 14 like Zanatti points out and Sergio sustains it
Siragusa Mule...; then, It is PROPERLY CREDITED that Alan Garca
Prez, besides the commissions perceived illicitly by their
interferent and resolved participation in the selection of Italian
companies so that they take charge of the execution of the Project of the
Electric Train of Lima on the part of TRALIMA through Sergio Siragusa,
he HAD IN THEIR to ASSETS in the encrypted bill N 2952733280762361 of the Barclays Bank of the Great Cayman and that it was
not of property of Alfredo Zanatti, $1'995,153.13, Amount that
obviously it cannot come from the salary of the one processed as
President of the Republic...; for the before exposed we can determine
that the one processed Alan Garca Prez has not justified the excessive
patrimonial increment what is not also in connection with their revenues
perceived as President of the Republic by what in opinion of this
Public Ministry has been configured THE COMMISSION OF THE

23

CRIME OF ILLICIT ENRICHMENT IN QUALITY OF AUTHOR foreseen

and sanctioned by the Art. 361-TO of the Penal Code of 1924.
"Por las consideraciones expuestas y existiendo suficientes elementos
de prueba que obra en el expediente principal y sus acompaados, esta
Fiscala se pronuncia porque SE ENCUENTRAN DEBIDAMENTE
ACREDITADAS LA COMISIN DE LOS DELITOS DE COHECHO
PASIVO Y ENRIQUECIMIENTO ILCITOS previsto y sancionado por los
Arts. 349 y 361-A del Cdigo Penal de 1924 en calidad de autor y como
instigador en la comisin de los delitos de Colusin Ilegal y Negociacin
Incompatible,
"For the exposed considerations and existing enough evidence elements
that it works in the main file and their accompanied ones, this Office is
pronounced because they are PROPERLY CREDITED THE
COMMISSION OF THE CRIMES OF PASSIVE BRIBE AND ILLICIT
ENRICHMENT foreseen and sanctioned by the Arts. 349 and 361-A of
the Penal Code of 1924 in author's quality and I eat instigator in the
commission of the crimes of Illegal Collusion and Incompatible
Negotiation, foreseen and sanctioned in the Arts. 344 and 345 of the
Penal Code of 1924, respectively, as well as the penal responsibility Alan
Gabriel Ludwig Garca Prezs processed ."
HUGO SIVINA HURTADO
Instructor Vowel Supreme

REPORT FINAL File N001-95 25.03.96

"Mr. President:
"That, the undersigned Instructor Supreme designated Vowel... I
OPEN INSTRUCTION against Mr Alan Garca Prez, Constitutional expresident of the Republic of the Peru, as instigator in the commission
of the crimes of Illegal Collusion and Incompatible Negotiation and,
as author of the crimes of Passive Bribe and of Illicit Enrichment,
against the Peruvian State, dictating in its against command of
Detention."

5. CRIME OF ILLEGAL COLLUSION AND INCOMPATIBLE

NEGOTIATION
"That, being this way this, in this end comes off the following conclusions:
24

" (1) the genesis of these facts N001-86-MIPRE would settle down with
the dation of the Supreme Ordinance, its date February 20of 1986, for
which is declared of necessity public and preferable social interest the
establishment of an electric system of massive transport for the cities of
Lima and Callao, and it is believed the Autonomous Authority of the
Project Special Electric System of Massive Transport of Lima and Callao
(AATE)... "
(2) It has settled down that the creation of the AATE was a strictly political
measure and without sustenance technician...
(3) It has settled down that there was a permanent pressure on behalf of
the processed Alan Garca Prez, in their quality of President of the
Republic, so that the civil works begin in July of 1986 and necessarily
culminate in that year,... It has settled down that the processed interfered
permanently in the work of the AATE and his even assumed functions
characteristic of this entity...
(4) It has settled down that for the ex-president's pressures Garca had in
the pertinent Peruvian authorities a directionality so that ITALFER
manages the Project and be not any other company. ...
(5) It has settled down that the initiate negotiations with other companies
or governments were truncated,... or they were carried out apparent
negotiations of selection of companies, since the Peruvian Government
had already formalized his intention of giving the execution and financing
from the Project to the Italian Part...

6. CRIME OF PASSIVE BRIBE.......

"That, being this way this, of that acted in this period of investigation can
settle down in this respect the following conclusions:
(1) It has settled down that the ex-president Alan Garca chose as
plenipotentiary in the matters related with TRALIMA with regard to the
Project of the Electric Train of Lima, to Mr. Sergio Siragusa Fluffs,
advisory of this consortium... the following month of having been
celebrated the first contract between the AATE and the Consortium
TRALIMA that, the ex-president Garca makes reference to Mr. Siragusa
him to travel to Rome to formalize ' parallel matters '..., requiring him in
that way in veiled form its economic demands to have granted the
administration and execution from the Project to the Consortium
TRALIMA;
(2) It has settled down that, however, it will be newly in date 7 of
September of 1989, with occasion of the encounter in Rome among the
ex-president Garca and Mr. Siragusa, concerted by the first of the noted
ones, in circumstances that converged in an official automobile to the
inauguration of the a tract of the Train of Rome in that he in clear form
25

refers to Siragusa that he has to inform to the main staff of the

Consortium TRALIMA their demand of a ' contribucin' of at least 6 digits,
remarking that he had knowledge that Mr. Bettino Craxi had already
received its 'quote ', adding him the inevitable necessity to have a first
one ' contribucin' of 500 thousand dollars, being credited this meeting..."

(3) It has settled down that the own Sergio Siragusa has manifested that
for such an effect he paid for ' comisiones' to the ex-president Alan
Garca Prez the total amount of US $1'040,000.00; that the first one
contribucin' made it cash in the first days of October of 1989 in the
President's Office in Palace of Government, for the sum of US
$200,000.00 and that the difference of US $840,000.00 made it in 3
remittances that it deposited in different dates in the encrypted bill N
285762361-2952733 in the Barclay's Bank of the Islands Great Cayman,
bill number that previously it had been given him of own hand for the expresident Garca, in the following way: the first remittance made it
October 11 1989 for a balance of US $300,000.00, the second made it
equally January 4 1990 sum of US $300,000.00, for finally, August 14
1990 to make the last remittance for the sum of US $240,000.00, ...
attaching copies of the bank reports... that they fully credit the version of
Sergio Siragusa regarding the remittances of money..."
(4) It has settled down that among Sergio Siragusa and Alfredo Zanatti
doesn't exist any linking...o that knew each other previously to the date in
that Siragusa made those referred 3 deposits..."
"(5) it has been credited with the documentation authenticated
successfully obtain for this Office,... that indeed in this encrypted bill they
entered the 3 remittances for the total sum of US $840,000.00...
"(6) it has been credited that the same Alfredo Zanatti Tavolara,
proprietor of the Worldwide Financial Holding Corporation that also is the
holder of the encrypted bill N 285762361-2952733 in the Barclay's Bank
of the Islands Grand Cayman, he has manifested that for his order Mr.
Jos Lzaga opened this encrypted bill in August 28 1989 with a
thousand dollars, for command of ex-president's Alan Garca who had
told him that he needed it to bring money for the Channel 13, specifying
that the quantities that don't correspond to their companies belong to
Alan Garca... being the following ones: the deposit of US $995,153.13
with date 7 of September of 1989, the deposit of US $300,000.00 of date
October 12of the same year, the deposit US $1'000.000.00 entered
November 16of that year, the deposit of US $300,000.00 entered
January 4 of 1990, and the deposit of US $239,985.00 entered August 14
of 1990, being evidenced that among these deposits that belonged to the
processed Garca, according to that said by Alfredo Zanatti, they are the
3 remittances of money that Sergio Siragusa had deposited..."

26

" (7) it has been credited with the testimonial declaration lent by Jos
Lzaga in the face of the authorities of Miami-Florida that this admits to
have constituted the company Worldwide Financial Holding
Corporation... corroborating this way the version lent by Alfredo Zanatti
before this Office and evidencing that this encrypted bill was open
especially to receive amounts money of third people's in the favor of expresident's Alan Garca, among them the deposit for the total amount of
US $840,000.00 that Siragusa made, for later on to transfer them to the
Peru in favor of the company Radiodifusora 1160-channel 13;
"(8) It has settled down of that acted that of the total of US $6'104,000.00
of movement that he had the one referred bill... US $2'835,138.00
belonged to the doctor Alan Garca Prez...
"(9) that, the economic linking among the processed Alan Garca Prez
and the one referred Alfredo Zanatti is credited who gives to the
processed the use of the one mentioned encrypted bill... -, the same one
that comes from the year 1987 when the ex-president Garca favors
Zanatti with the grant of preferential dollars to the shelter of the rgime of
the dollars MUC, benefitting him with 88% of the dollars MUC that the
BCR had granted to the sector Transports and Communications, for what
the ex-president required him as ' contribucin' the sum of US
$1'250,000.00 and the acquisition of 66% of the actions of the company
Radiodifusora 1161-channel 13,...
"(10) that, it has been credited with the authenticated documentation
obtained by this Office... that from the one referred encrypted bill in the
Barclay's Bank of the Great Cayman sums of money they have been
transferred to mentioned national bank institutions (International Bank
and Bank of Credit) in favor of the company Radiodifusora 1160-channel
13, just as it had foreseen it and certain the ex-president Garca...

"(11) that, it has been credited with testimonial declarations from

Bernardo Fernndez and Abraham Zavala... that these indeed received
the amounts of the foreigner's money remitted by Mr. Alfredo Zanatti, in
fact from the referred encrypted bill...; as well as according to that
manifested by Bernardo Fernndez... that Alfredo Zanatti was Alan's
representative Garca and that at the moment it has arrived to the
convincing that the true proprietor of Channel 13 were the processed
Alan Garca Prez.
"(12) It has settled down that the ex-president Garca required as '
contribucin' to Alfredo Zanatti the amount of US $1'250,000.00 to have
facilitated him the acquisition of dollars MUC for its air companies..."

27

7. CRIME OF ILLICIT ENRICHMENT.......

"That, being this way this, of that acted in this end can come off the
following conclusions:
" (1) It has settled down that existed a linking of business among Alfredo
Zanatti and the ex-president Alan Garca Prez in the investment and
combined operation of an airship, being given off an excessive
patrimonial increment no justified on behalf of the one processed that
they don't keep relationship with its revenues..."

" (2) the acquisition in common between Zanatti and the ex-president
Garca Prez of an airship is corroborated with the fax date June 29
1992.."
....
" (4) It has settled down that they exist founded indications that the
processed Alan Garca Prez was the true proprietor of 66% of the
actions of the company broadcasting 1160-channel 13..."
" (5) that, of the mentioned declaration own Alfredo's Zanatti being given
off that he opened in 31 August of 1989, through Jos Lzaga, the
encrypted bill N 280762361-2952733... to order to the ex-president's
Alan Garca Prez and with the specific aim of bringing money for the
company Radiodifusora 1160-channel 13."
" (6) that, of the obtyain documentation ... it is credited that from the
referred encrypted bill... have been transferred funds to the respective
bills of the company Radiodifusora 1160-channel 13..."
.......
"In consequence, it has settled down that in committal the
criminal facts imputed to the one processed are credited,
saying for their Penal Responsibility, as instigator in the
commission of the crimes of Illegal Collusion and
Incompatible Negotiation and, as author of the crimes of
Passive Bribe and of Illicit Enrichment, against the Peruvian
State... ()
.

CASE BCCI AND MIRAGE 2000

When the BCCI, a bank of doubtful reputation of origin pakistan, broke in
the entire world, it was intervened by the judicial authorities. In New
28

York, the Public Prosecutor Robert Morgenthau that revised the

bills of the BCCI discovered that officials of that bank had paid
bribes to two high officials of the Central Bank of Reservation of the
Peru (BCRP). Those officials were Leonel Figueroa and Hctor Neyra,
President and General Manager respectively of the BCRP in Alan's
government Garca.
The BCCI had deposited about three and half millions of dollars to
Figueroa and Neyra in encrypted bills in a bank in Panama. That tip
had been paid to Figueroa and Neyra so that they deposit the
reservations international Peruvians (several hundred of millions of
dollars) in the BCCI of Panama. Years later, Figueroa and Neyra were
captured in Brazil and extradited the Peru, where pass in the prission
after some years to came out in freedom.
the matter Is Figueroa and Neyra they acted alone or for superior
orders? The tip of three and half millions of dollars distribute it with
more somebody? The Supreme National Prosecutor Nelly Caldern,
current Prosecutor of the Nation - it considered in their verdict that there
were enough indications to accuse the former president Alan Garca in
this case. The vowel of the Supreme Court Hugo Sivina also accused
Garca for the case BCCI.

El ex senador Carlos Malpica, implacable perseguidor de la corrupcin,

escribi un libro, "Pjaros de Alto Vuelo", donde con su reconocida
acuciosidad investiga el caso del BCCI. Entre los aspectos ms saltantes
tenemos:.
29

The former senator Carlos Malpica, implacable pursuer of the corruption,

wrote a book, Birds of High Flight" (pajaros de alto vuelo), where with his
grateful detail he investigates the case of the BCCI. Among the better
remarkable aspects we have:.

BIRDS OF HIGH FLIGHT

CASE BCCI
Among the days 5 and 8 of May of 1986 the Central Bank of
Reserve. it transferred to encrypted bills of the B.C.C.I. (Panama)
a total of 215 million dollars, calculates superior to the one agreed.
It has been proven that Leonel Figueroa and Hctor Neyra,
President of the Directory and General Manager of the B.C.R.P.
they received " tips " for this operations.
Days before, April 28, Figueroa remits a telex to the Foundation of
the Third World declining a previously received invitation.
Communication is it puts it in knowledge of Hctor Neyra. The
importance of the telex doesn't reside in its text, but in the hand
written annotation for Figueroa. This says: "Hector: this telex went
correspondent at 12:00 o'clock." "For your conversation with
Amer." Then he signs it and to followed line he adds him ": tell that
the Pdte agrees already with that conversed"
It was evident that it could not be the President of the council of
Ministers, Luis Alva Castro who acted only peripherally in this
case, therefore should be the President of the Republic. It fits to
highlight that when referring to " Amer " it is Amer Lodhi, official
of the B.C.C.I. Which it could be the discrepancy that had the
B.C.R.P and the B.C.C.I. and that he had to be solved by Garca?
Until that day the amount from the foreign currencies to transfer to
the branch of Panama it was certain; the interest rates also, as
well as the guarantees and operation ways. Apparently alone it
was pending the amount of the tips and their allotment
modality

El Public Prosecutorde Manhattan, Robert Morgenthau, quien

denuncia ante el gran Jurado al B.C.C.I. por estafa multimillonaria
de desfalco a depositantes y lavado de dinero, afirm en
conferencia de prensa que el presidente Garca fue
consultado y dio su aprobacin a la colocacin de los
depsitos del Banco Central de Reserva del Per en la oficina
del BCCI, en Panam.
30

The district Prosecutor from Manhattan, Robert Morgenthau

who denounces face the great Jury to the B.C.C.I. for
multimillionaire swindle of embezzlement to depositors and
laundry of money, he affirmed in press conference that the
president Garca was consulted and he gave its approval to
the placement of the deposits of the Central Bank of
Reservation of the Peru in the office of the BCCI, in Panama.

CASE OF THE MIRAGE 2000

October eleven 1982 were authorized the purchase of the 26
Mirage by a value of 4,564'000,000 of French francs. In December
of that year, with the agreements Jupiter 1 and II was sent to
manufacture to the French companies Dassault, SNECMA and
Thomson a total of 26 airplanes Mirage 2000. Two years later,
December of 1984, 28 rose the value from the airplanes to
4,960'000,000 of French francs, by means of a denominated
agreement Jupiter III.
The elect president, Alan Garca Prez, knew or it was connected
with Abdul Rahman El Assir in his journey for Europe of the
month of June of 1985. Then he invited it to the transmission of
Government of that same year, although that it would not be their
only trip in the first year of government of Garca.
This proven that this person is a dealing acquaintance of weapons
that operates mainly in the Arab world. Garca ties made the
decision of reducing the number of airplanes acquired Mirage
before assuming the presidency, WITHOUT PREVIOUS
CONSULTATION TO THE CONTROLS OF THE F.A.P. The two
commissions negotiators that were sent to Paris, with regarding
the Mirage, they met with Abdul Rahman The Assir who inclusive
invite them to travel to Spain in their particular airplane. The figure
of the resale arises. The Peru would buy the 26 airplanes and
then it would resell them to other countries.
With the agreement Jupiter IV, the Peru officially only acquired
twelve airplanes and a shammer of flights." He found difficult
each one 32'833,000 dollars, a superior price to the one
consigned in the previous agreements. When suggesting the
hypothesis that the resale yes it was made, members of the
negotiating commissions said that it was impossible, since the
Peru didn't possess the airplanes: the airplanes were not built.

These statements are completely false if they are considered the

dates of arrival of the airplanes, as well as the numbers of series

31

of their reactors. The operation gives resale of the remaining 14

Mirage it meant them an utility of about 200 million dollars that
were distributed between Garca and its friends, the Arab
middlemen, officials of the manufacturing companies and French
officials, Egyptians and irakes they Tie.
The corruption doesn't give invoice. It is very difficult to prove
the corruption of High flight but the interests and damage they
jump visible and they drive to the culprit.
It is proven that Alan Garca was consulted on the deposit of our
international reservations in the B.C.C.I., likewise, in the case of
the Mirage. It is not then certain that anything had to see neither
with the resale of the airplanes neither with the agreement of
making this deposit, just as he has affirmed it in having reiterated
occasions.

CHAPTER III: DEPRESIN.

El tema de Salud mental de Alan Garca procede de investigaciones

periodsticas que se desataron en una entrevista televisiva con Jaime Bayle, el
mismo que obtuvo informacin filtrada del entorno del Ex Presidente.
The topic of mental Health of Alan Garca comes from journalistic investigations
that aroused in a television interview with Jaime Bayle, the same one that
obtained filtered information of the Former President's environment.
Alan's Depression
An ago 22 year-old trauma comes out to it floats amid an
electoral campaign that delouses the applicants to the
Presidency.
When the storm loosened by Jaime Bayly was about to
wrap it, Alan Garca came out to the front and it
recognized that yes that had received treatment for a
severe depression as a consequence of the death of
Haya de la Torre. In agile political reaction, Garca took
the bull for the horns and he responded directly on the
topic. Others continue waiting the appearance of some
document that clarifies the diagnosis in interdict (4)

Caretas N 1669 10 de mayo de 2001

32

According Caretas one of the few serious written documentations about the
former president's carefully hidden facet:
" August 3 1979 the death of Haya de la Torre sank to the hosts
apristas in an indescribable grief. Alan Garca was not the only one in
being depressed. An emergency post installed in the local of the PAP
reported to less than 24 hours of well-known the news, 200 cases of
hysteria and inumerables faintings. There is who still remember the pain
hug and the cry in that Carlos Roca and Garca in the doors of Villa
Mercedes. In this square of deep affliction it is fully justifiable that looked
for attention specialized in the Carmen's Virgin Clinic. Garca was the
APRA leader's his favorite disciple "

According to Garca everything didn't pass of a severe state of sadness in the

face of the death of a to be wanted and admired, normal in any person. The
dysfunction, assures, it was assisted meetly with two valium pills and without
necessity of the litio prescription.
However, CARETAS have received another testimony of a connoted
psychiatrist that sinks to the version given by the doctor Horacio Estabridis. It
assures that Garca was INTERNED IN THE CLINIC AMONG FIVE SIX
WEEKS AND CURE OF DREAM RECEIVED. The diagnosis in that then of this
specialist that stays in the anonimity for obvious reasons, it was `PSICOSIS
ESQUIZOAFECTIVE, in their varying recurrent depression with symptoms
paranoides'.
It is a variant of the diagnosis that diffused Jaime lightly Bayly of schizophrenia
maniacodepresiva that added to superficial allusions to the madness, he
wanted to question the mental health of the candidate of the PAP.
Apparently Bayly was not given the work of modernizing the diagnosis,
banalizando also its own accusation when making gibe of a mental illness.
Twenty years behind the psychiatry separated `Locos ' of `Normales ' and the
pathologies of the mind sought protection under the estigmatizante
schizophrenia item. Today in day that no longer goes more. The doctor
Estabridis is 88 years of age old, and he retired of the profession 20 years ago.
At the moment for the psychiatrists THE FUNCTIONS OF THE THOUGHT AND
DE THE HUMOR is COMPLETELY DIFFERENTIATED. In the schizophrenia,
the doctor Carlos Bromley Coloma, medical psychiatrist and former enclosed
director of the Hospital Larco Herrera, explains to the person loses the good
sense, her capacity of ratiocinating suitably and breaks up with the reality. He
begins to think that he is a correspondent of God, he listens voices or he
receives the martian messages, he has visual, auditory hallucinations, etc. IN
SUM is A DYSFUNCTION OF THE REASON, OF THE THOUGHT.

33

THE DEPRESSIVE MANIAC PROBLEM IS A DYSFUNCTION OF THE MOOD,

OF THE HUMOR. The person is very cheerful and hiperactiva in the maniac
phase and in the depressive one very sad and hipoactivo. These phases don't
follow any pattern and they can fluctuate at random. Bayly to give bigger weight
to its accusation took charge of stressing the effervescent states of spirit of
Garca relating them with its previous government's more criticized measures.
However, the doctor Bromley points out that it is very difficult that the
depressive maniac's symptoms are only presented before certain people and in
some precise moment. "The one that is maniac is it in their house, in Palace or
in the street, they are dysfunctions evidenciables."
To be a medical problem, the therapy bases of the depressive maniac it is the
litio, and if the patient is in her maniac phase he stabilizes it to him with drugs
antimaniacas or with an antidepressant to control the crises what is achieved
efficiently in an average of two weeks. Every three months, a checkup
establishes the litio level in the blood, this should fluctuate between 0,5 and 1,0
equivalent mili of litio for liter of blood.
Who suffer of this dysfunction they are not crazy neither unbalanced. The time
of the mockery already finished and it is stygma of the mental dysfunctions,
Bromley explains. "These people live perfectly, they are excellent professionals,
they form families and they work so well or better than the healthy ones
because with a good treatment they recover to 100%."
It is more, before the law, this dysfunction is not synonymous of inimputable. If a
depressive maniac makes a crime, goes prisoner contrary to an
esquizofrnico that is confined in a mental clinic.

34

CONCLUSIONS
From the Chapter I, about their biographical profile.
Alan Garca is the Peruvian average with natural talent for the
oratorical one under favorable conditions for its development.
Their APRA militancy comes from cradle and of the intense
experiences suffered by its parents and for him. As resident
average the normal thing was that it is captured by the peak of that
moment that was the APRA. And the personal treatment with Haya
de la Torre who laid the foundation his political conviction.
Their studies abroad constituted an advantage in their formation
and their competitiveness that added to their talent speaker and of
convincing. He achieved Victor's Ral favoritism. Who contribute a
lot for their leadership in the party.
Their Government was marked by the irrationality, the political,
social and economic disorder. we would put to consider the five
year of his government as period of the ruin like that of Velasco
was the lost decade.
From his government we can say that it was egocentric, pride,
closed, lover of the flattery.
It is important to highlight that I arrive with overwhelming majority
in the Congress and that allowed him to put manipulate people in
the Judicial power and to manipulate the autonomous authorities.
Their personalism makes him to flood the entirety of the apparatus
of the State with menial and flattering people of him, but this had a
price, the corruption and the serve of the state for all those that
had the public administration and he tolerated it because but he
didn't have the flattery and the servility of them.
From the Chapter II, about his crimes.
Of their crimes only can do mention only testify they are mainly
Incompatible Negotiation, Suborn Passive and Illicit Enrichment.
Since these they have found cause in the Public Ministry and have
been accepted by the Judicial Power.
We believe that there are enough reasons to consider that he
made crime since of the conclusions of the Office and of the judge
that have been examined in the chapter II, his guilt is deduced.
These crimes were also discovered not for public accusation, but
for accusation of Public Prosecutorof belonging tribunals other
countries. The evidence that point out him come from penal
processes in other countries to people that acted in complicity with
him.
35

De otro lado, el caso de los MIrage 2000 no tiene el sustento o causa

para que pudiera abrir proceso, y es que la corrupcin no da factura.
Sin embargo, para el caso del contrato Jpiter IV, la lgica elemental
pone al descubierto que solo un gran inters personal poda dar
origen a un contrato tan lesivo para el pas, que converta en
juguetes a la ms importante adquisicin de armas de defensa de la
poca. Ya que al no venir artillados no eran tiles para sus fines.
Of another side, the case of the MIrage 2000 don't have the
sustenance or cause so that could open process, and it is that the
corruption doesn't give invoice. However, for the case of the contract
Jupiter IV, the elementary logic puts to the overdraft that alone a great
personal interest could give origin to such a prejudicial contract for
the country that transformed into toys to the most important
acquisition in weapons of defense of the time. Since when not coming
equipped with artillery, they were not useful for their ends.
The case of the BCCI, is but eloquent, since of penal processes in the
exterior countries was proven that he had received tip for the deposit
of the national reserves in a bank of doubtful reputation. This could
take to lose our reserves. The elementary logic also makes us see
that he had to have a very big interest to put the reservations in a
financial entity of doubtful reputation and category there being so
many serious entities. These were not any savings, they were the
monetary reservations of a country.
Alan Garca made crimes, if he didn't fear he should put on it to
disposition of the law. But the Peru is an incredible country and he are
a magician or genius of manipulating the situation in favor of him. In
this situation his geniality is similar to that of Montesinos.
From the CHAPTER III, about the rumors of their mental illness.
Alan Garcas supposed mental illness came from a very popular
journalist, of a very syntonized program and mainly in a peculiar way
that there is in the Peru of making infamy twice as much under a
modality that is the satire.
The only sustenance of its mental illness is the testimony of a Dr. that
was in the time of the accusation outside of exercising the medical
profession. The most probable thing is that the journalist Jaime Bayle
wanted to destroy politically him, like it is his trajectory, in what they
call to bet, it also happened in the candidacy of Fujimori and lately in
de candidacy of Ollanta.
For logic, a person with Depressive Maniac had been evident and he
had not been able to hide in a life so publishes as it was the life of
Alan Garca. Much more if it was schizophrenic apart from that the

36

manifestations had been evident, it had transcended the comments of

their environment and in the whole Peru.
Adems, Seria posible que un loco haya hecho todas las fechoras
que se resean en el capitulo dos - y solo hablamos de las que son
demostrables - seria posible que un loco (maniaco depresivo o
esquizofrnico) pudiera tener la autoridad y la audacia para colocar a
sus pies todo un pas y crear los vnculos que le permitieron un lujoso
exilio? Nosotros creemos que no. Eso no es obra de un loco, ha sido
de una persona con mucho talento.
Also, can be possible that a lunatic has made all the misdeeds that
are pointed out in the Chapter II - and alone we speak of those that
are demonstrable - be possible that a lunatic (depressive maniac or
esquizofrnico) could he have the authority and the audacity to place
to his feet an entire country and to create the bonds that allowed him
a luxurious exile? We believe that not. That is not a lunatic's work, it
has belonged to a person with a lot of talent.
In this point we can conclude that it was a typical infamy of a
journalist.

37

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES
1. Biography of Alan GarcIa Prez for the TV program Two Fingers of Front
2. Biography of Alan GarcIa Prez for the Newspaper El Comercio
3. Biography of Alan GarcIa Prez by Wikipedia
4. IGUIIZ, Javier The Adjustments 1975 1992 Lima: Fundacin Friedrich
Ebet, 1993
5. PAUCAR, Carlos Here, the sorcerers of the economy !. Predictions p. 11
In newspaper: La Repblica. Lima (Noviembre, 20 de 1988).
6. PORTOCARRERO, Gonzalo. Takes out eyes : social crisis and colonial
ghosts Lima: Tarea, 1991
7. THORP, Rosemary. Evaluation of the economic administration in the Peru
during the period 1985-1988 In: Peru and Latin America in crisis
8. VELARDE, Julio: Of the Disinflation to the Hiperestanflacin Peru 985-1990
Lima: Universidad del Pacifico. Center of Investigation, nvestigation
consortium, 1994
9. La Repblica :

Lines and more lines to get some rice, sugar and oil
Local section p. 8 (November 20, 1988)
3 thousand small industrial they are on the edge of the collapse
Local section p. 14 (November 21, 1988)
Salines announce today to the country new economic shock of rises
process. Political section p. 2 (November 22, 1988)
Merchants close their spread commercial to wait of having announced
economic shock. Local section p. 12 (November 22, 1988)
Shortage, rises and unemployment announcement for furious economic
shock. Local section p. 6 (November 24, 1988)
1. Political Peru. Alan Garcas economic administration : 1985-1990
2. Malpica Silva Santisteban, Carlos: Birds of High Flight .
3. www.alannuncamas.com

38