ENVIRONMENT

MANAGEMENT
ASSIGNMENT

NAME:
UTSAV GOEL
SECTION & ROLL NO.: E-20
COURSE: BBA
(GEN.)
SEMESTER: 2nd
SEMESTER

Ques:-What production
capacity do we have in the
Indian context, so far as

the Renewable and NonRenewable energy is

concerned? Draw a
comparative chart
between that of the
developed nations (any
five) and developing
nation India. Conclude as
to from where India to
become a superpower in
the future era will be able
to meet out its energy
requirement? Give
estimates.
Ans: with the cost of fossil
fuels that have been
traditional sources of
energy such as coal, gas
and crude oil depleting the

world over, the focus is

now shifting more and
more towards renewable
energy sources or green
power. Indias renewable
energy resource use
increased substantially
through the expansion of
the role of the private
sector in technology
commercialization.
Commercial, industrial,
and residential sectors
benefit because of
increased access to
reliable and reasonably
priced electricity. Other
benefits include land price
increases, improved

quality and availability of

power in the vicinity of
wind farms, and
infrastructure
development, such as
improved roads. The
development of a
commercial solar PV
market has created a
large, private-sector-led
manufacturing base (60
firms in 2002 compared
with 10 in 1992), a
competitive marketplace
where product costs are
now among the lowest in
the world, and increased
participation by financial
intermediaries. Corporate

such as Suzlon, Enercon,

NEG Micon, Vestas RR
have already installed 400
MW of installed capacity
of wind power in the state.

The following is the short

summary on Indias
renewable resources
capacity at present: HYDRO ENERGY
Over 113 MW of small
hydro capacity (33
projects) was
commissioned and
financed, compared with a

target of 100 MW.

Installed capacity has
risen to more than 1,340
MW. Construction of 17
more small hydro systems
(over 34 MW) has begun.
An additional 155 MW has
been financed in part with
domestic market
borrowings. The vast
majority of new
installations are owned
and operated by privatesector
companies. Installations
produce an aggregate
annual energy output of
465,000,000 kWh at an
average plant factor of

47%. Unit costs average

US$1,150 in real (year
2000) terms. Average
estimated cost was
US$1,000/kW (year 2000
dollars) in comparison to
US$3,000/kW when
installations were
developed by the public
sector. As the time from
groundbreaking to
commissioning has
decreased from 20 to 54
months in 1997
to 11 to 20 months today,
project cash flows have
improved.

WIND POWER

Installed capacity is now

1,340 MW as compared to
40 MW in 1992; more than
92% of capacity was
implemented by the
private sector. Unit costs
are about US$1,070/kW
(year 2000). Rural
employment amounting to
7,000 to 9,000 jobs in
Tamil Nadu resulted from
the 800-MW wind farms
installed in the state.
Estimated Wind Power
Potential in India
State
Andhra Pradesh

Gross Potential
(MW)

9063

Gujarat
Karnataka
Kerala
Madhya
Pradesh
Maharashtra
Orissa
Rajasthan
Tamil Nadu
West Bengal
TOTAL
Total No. of Stations
in operation at the
end of February
2006
Total No. of Stations
closed down in
March 2006
Total No. of
stations
commissioned in
March
Total No. of stations
in operation as on
31st March 2006

7362
7161
1026
4978
4519
1520
6672
4159
32
46,092
59
1
1
59

The wind power potential

on a national level, base
data collected from 10
states considering only 1%
of land availability, is
around 46,092 MW.
SOLAR
PHOTOVOLTAICS
Because of its location
between the Tropic of
Cancer and the Equator,
India has an average
annual temperature that
ranges from 25C 27.5
C. This means that India
has huge solar potential.
The sunniest parts are
situated in the south/east

coast, from Calcutta to

Madras. Seventy-eight
projects with a combined
capacity of 2,145 MWp
generate 3,000,000 kWh
annually; 40% of the 20
MWp produced in 2000
was exported. Average
unit cost in real terms has
declined from US$22/Wp
at appraisal
to US$11/Wp. There has
been a five-fold income
increase among farmers
using PV pumps and a 50%
increase in net income by
some traders using solar
rather than kerosene
lighting. The income of

some rural households is

rising by 15 to 30% due to
increased home industry
output. In addition to
these performance
measures, the carbon
emissions avoided by RRD
are estimated at about 3.6
million,0.74 million, and
87,000 tons over the
lifetime of the small
hydro, wind, and PV
projects financed under
the project, respectively.

BIOMASS ENERGY

India is very rich in

biomass. It has a potential
of 19,500 MW (3,500 MW
from bagasse based
cogeneration and 16,000
MW from surplus
biomass). Currently, India
has 537 MW commissioned
and 536 MW under
construction. The facts
reinforce the idea of a
commitment by India to
develop these resources of
power production.
Following is a list of some
States with most potential
for biomass production:
Andhra Pradesh (200
MW)

 Bihar (200 MW)

Gujarat (200 MW)
Karnataka (300 MW)
Maharashtra (1,000
MW)
Punjab (150 MW)
Tamil Nadu (350 MW)
Uttar Pradesh (1,000
MW)
The potential available
and the installed
capacities for Biomass
and Bagasse
Source

Potential

Biomass

16,000 MW

Installed
222 MW

Bagasse
(Cogeneratio
n)
in existing
sugar mills

3,500 MW

332 MW

ACTUAL INSTALLED
RENEWABLE - BASED
PLANTS IN
INDIA
Source

Units

Installed

Wind farms

MW

557

Wind pumps

Nos

3289

Small Hydro
(up to 3 MW)
Biomass
Gasifiers
Solar PV

MW

122

X 10 6

2.12

kW

825

Chart showing energy

consumption in India
CHART

Republic of India

India is going to be the

biggest economy in the
world. It is going to be the
biggest superpower of the
21st century." India as the
underdog,
facing
more
challenges
then
advantages,
yet
it
is
approaching
superpower
status.
Despite
the
hardships of large amount
of poverty, and social

inequality,
India
overcoming all of this.

is

India has a fine chance at

becoming a superpower.
Pointing out that India's
young population coupled
with the second largest
English-speaking
population in the world
could
give
India
an
advantage
over
China.
Also believes that while
other industrial countries
will face a youth gap, India
will have lots of young
people, or in other words
workers. Another strength
that India is that despite
being one of the poorest

countries in the world, its

democratic
government
has lasted for 60 years,
stating that a democracy
can provide for long-term
stability.
India
also
has
been
gaining influence in Asia
with trade agreements,
direct investment, military
exercises, and aids funds.
It is good allies with
countries such as Iran and
Japan, and has emerging
ties with countries such as
Vietnam,
Thailand,
Myanmar, and India even
has an air force base in
Tajikistan.

India is "big but not

important," has a highly
successful
professional
class, while millions of its
citizens
still
live
in
poverty.
It
is
"almost
completely third world".
China borders a dozen
more countries than India
does, is not hemmed in by
a vast ocean and the
world's tallest mountains,
has a loyal Diaspora twice
the size of India's and
enjoys a head start in
Asian
and
African
marketplaces.
India and China will be
superpowers.
However,

China is decades ahead of

India,
and
that
the
average Chinese person is
better off than the average
Indian person.
China and India rising to
superpower status is not
inevitable. Millions mired
in poverty and ineffective
government
prevents
China
or
India
from
rivaling the EU or the US
any time soon.