Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ib RCC Structures
Ib RCC Structures
Ib RCC Structures
by Upendra M. Karkhanis
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Item Bank on
A. DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
A.1 Topic 1 : Introduction to Limit State Theory
A.1.1
A.1.2
A.1.3
A.1.4
A.1.5
A.1.6
A.1.7
A.1.8
A.1.9
A.1.10
A.1.11
A.1.12
A.1.13
A.1.14
A.1.15
A.1.16
A.1.17
A.1.18
A.1.19
A.1.20
A.1.21
A.1.22
A.1.23
A.1.24
A.1.25
A.1.26
A.1.27
A.1.28
A.1.29
A.1.30
A.1.31
A.1.32
A.1.33
A.1.34
A.1.35
Out of mild steel and HYSD steel, which is commonly used as reinforcement ? Why ?
State the common diameters of mild steel and HYSD bars available in the market.
Write the meaning of each term in i) M25 and ii) Fe 500.
Define : i) Characteristic strength ii) Limit State
Enlist two main limit states.
Enlist criteria included in limit state of strength.
Enlist criteria included in limit state of serviceability.
State two types of problems. Distinguish between them.
A.2 Topic 2 : Flexural Analysis and Design of Singly Reinforced Rectangular Sections
A.2.1
A.2.2
A.2.3
A.2.4
A.2.5
A.2.6
A.2.7
A.2.8
A.2.9
A.2.10
A.2.11
A.2.12
A.2.13
A.2.14
A.2.15
A.2.16
A.2.17
A.2.18
A.2.19
A.2.20
A.2.21
A.2.22
A.2.23
A.2.24
A.2.25
A.2.26
A.2.27
A.2.28
A.2.29
A.2.30
Distinguish between collapse of concrete and steel on i) process of collapse ii) safety of
collapse.
State, with reason, whether the following statement is true or false : Ultimate moment of
resistance depends on loads and support conditions.
Define : Anchor bars in beams. State their function.
State IS requirements for beams for i) minimum area of steel, ii) maximum area of steel,
iii) end cover for bars, iv) clear cover for bars, v) minimum and maximum spacing
between adjacent bars and adjacent layers of bars
A.3 Topic 3 : Flexural Analysis and Design of Doubly Reinforced Sections and Flanged
Sections
A.3.1
A.3.2
A.3.3
A.3.4
A.3.5
A.3.6
A.3.7
A.3.8
Define : i) Serviceability
State significance of each limit state under limit state of serviceability.
State importance of deflection control of slabs and beams.
State four disadvantages of excessive deflection in slabs and beams.
State IS provisions regarding deflection control.
State significance of l/d ratios.
Which two modification factors are recommended by IS for basic l/d ratios ? How are their
values obtained ?
State significance of limit state of cracking.
State four disadvantages of cracking of concrete in RCC members.
Why minimum and maximum values of cover and spacing of bars are recommended ?
How can crack control be achieved in RCC through design ?
Define splicing of bars. When is it necessary ? How much should be the length of splice ?
How is check for bond applied to i) slabs ii/0 beams iii) columns iv) footings ?
Define : i) Diagonal shear cracks ii) Nominal shear stress iii) Maximum shear stress
iv) Minimum shear reinforcement
Describe formation of shear cracks in RCC beams.
State three modes of shear resistance in an RCC beam.
State values of maximum shear stress for concrete grade i) M20, ii) M25, iii) M30
Why has IS code specified an upper limit ( uc.max) for the value of nominal shear stress ?
Which table in IS:456-2000 is used to get value of design shear strength of concrete ?
On which factor does value of design shear strength of concrete depend ?
State minimum and maximum limits for spacing of shear stirrups.
Enlist three common types of shear stirrups.
State formula for spacing of shear stirrups.
Why is mild steel preferred for shear stirrups ?
State formula for shear resisted by bent up bars.
State formula for shear resisted by minimum stirrups.
What is the purpose of providing minimum stirrups ?
In which case is it necessary to provide designed stirrups ?
Why is it recommended to have separate zones of designed stirrups and minimum
stirrups in beams ?
State formula for length of designed stirrups zone.
Where is the critical section for shear in simply supported beam located ?
State formula for ultimate design shear force at critical section of beam.
Why check for shear is generally not necessary for slabs ?
Out of simply supported, continuous and cantilever slabs, which is most critical for flexure
? Why ?
Define : Effective span of slab or beam
How is the effective span of cantilever slab calculated ?
How is the effective span of simply supported slab calculated ?
Write steps in design procedure of slabs.
Which IS code is used for loading standards ?
Enlist loads on slabs.
State the value of live load on roof slab with i) access allowed ii) access denied.
State the value of unit weight of i) PCC, ii) RCC, iii) Brick masonry
State IS requirements regarding i) spacing of main and distribution steel ii) area of main
and distribution steel, iii) end covers for slab bars.
State the general range of values for i) span of slabs ii) depth of slabs.
Enlist the checks to be applied to the flexural design of slabs.
Define : Load factor. What is its purpose ? State its value.
Define : i) Working load ii) Ultimate load.
State the relation between ultimate load and working load or service load
State the function of chairs while laying slab bars on the construction site.
How is clear cover maintained during concreting process of slab on site ?
How is the spacing of slab bars maintained during concreting process on site ?
Why are alternate bottom bars of slabs bent up ?
At what distance from the supports are alternate bottom bars of slabs bent up ?
How is continuity of slab panels established in continuous slabs ?
What is meant by partial fixity of a simple support ? State its significance.
State IS requirements for slabs for i) minimum area of steel, ii) maximum area of steel, iii)
end cover for bars, iv) clear cover for bars, v) minimum and maximum spacing between
adjacent bars
A.8.2
A.8.3
A.8.4
A.8.5
A.8.6
A.8.7
A.8.8
A.8.9
A.8.10
A.8.11
A.8.12
Define : i) Column ii) Axially Loaded Column iii) Eccentrically Loaded Column
iv) Eccentricity v) Slenderness ratio of RCC column vi) Unsupported length vii)
Minimum eccentricity viii) Short column ix) Long column x) Longitudinal reinforcement
xi) Transverse Reinforcement
Why is concrete reinforced in compression even when concrete is strong in
compression?
State IS assumptions in limit state of collapse compression.
State formula for minimum eccentricity of column.
State four functions of longitudinal reinforcement in columns
For longitudinal reinforcement, state IS specifications for i) minimum and maximum area
of steel ii) minimum number of bars iii) minimum bar diameter iv) minimum spacing of
bars
State five functions of transverse reinforcement in columns.
For transverse reinforcement, state IS specifications for i) bar diameter ii) pitch
State IS specification for cover to main bars of columns.
State formula for ultimate load carrying capacity of axially loaded short column.
How is detailing of column reinforcement done at the junction of floors ?
What is the minimum size of axially loaded RCC column to satisfy minimum eccentricity
of 20 mm ?
5
B. NUMERICAL PROBLEMS
B.2 Topic 2 : Flexural Analysis and Design of Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beams
B.2.1
Calculate value of yield strain for steel grade i) Fe250 ii) Fe415 iii) Fe500
[ Ans. : i) 0.0031 ii) 0.0038 iii) 0.0042 ]
B.2.2
Calculate values of design constants for all combinations of concrete grades M20, M25
and M30 with steel grades Fe250, Fe415 and Fe 500. Write the results in tabulated form.
6
B.2.3
A beam 300 mm x 500 (effective) is reinforced with 4-20. Considering steel constant pub,
determine whether the beam is under-reinforced for the material grades i) M20-Fe415
and ii) M20 Fe500. [ Hint : For the beam, pu = 100 Ast / bd = 0.84 % ]
[ Ans : i) under-reinforced ii) over-reinforced ]
B.2.4
B.2.5
A cantilever beam has span 2 m. It has effective cross-section as 230 mm x 435 mm and
reinforcement as 4-16. Materials of grade M20-Fe415 are used. Determine ultimate
moment of resistance and ultimate load carrying capacity.
[ Ans.: Mur = 104.92 kNm, wu = 52.46 kN/m ]
B.2.6
B.2.7
B.2.8
A rectangular beam has to resist an ultimate bending moment of 180 kNm. Its width is
restricted to 230 mm. Determine area of steel to make it a balanced beam. Materials :
M20-Fe415 grade. [ Hint : Calculate db for given BM. Then use pub = 0.96 % ]
[ Ans. : 1112 mm2 ]
B.2.9
Design reinforcement for a beam 300 mm wide and 500 mm deep (effective) for an
ultimate maximum bending moment of 125 kNm assuming M20-Fe415 grade materials.
Assume a balanced section.
[ Ans. : 1470 mm2 ]
B.2.10
A cantilever beam of span 2 m is loaded with 230 mm thick 2,5 m high wall of masonry
having unit weight 20 kN/m3. Design the beam for flexure as a balanced beam. Assume
materials of M20-Fe500 grade. [ Hint : Ultimate load from wall = 1.5 x 20 x 0.23 x 2.5 =
17.25 kN/m ]
[ Ans. : 230 mm x 238 mm (effective), Ast = 416 mm2 ]
B.2.11
Determine ultimate load carrying capacity of a cantilever beam of span 1.3 m with overall
cross-section as 300 mm x 475 mm and tensile reinforcement as 3-28 . Clear cover to
bars is 25 mm. Materials of grades M20-Fe500 are used.
[ Ans. : 218.62 kN/m ]
B.2.12
Design a singly reinforced rectangular balanced beam to resist ultimate bending moment
of 98 kNm for materials of grade M20-Fe415. Assume d = 2b.
[ Ans. : b = 207 mm, d = 414 mm, Ast = 823 mm2 ]
7
B.2.13
Determine whether a section of 230 mm x 550 mm with 3-20 is sufficient for a simply
supported beam of span 5.8 m to resist an ultimate load of 80 kN/m if materials of grade
M20-Fe415 are used. Assume clear cover as 25 mm. [ Calculate and compare Mur and
Mbud ]
[ Ans. : Given section is not sufficient ]
B.3.2
Design a doubly reinforced beam for the following data Size : 250 mm x 600 mm,
maximum ultimate bending moment = 300 kNm, effective cover = 50 mm, material grades
: M25-Fe500, fsc = 414 MPa.
B.3.3
Determine area of tension steel and compression steel for a 230 mm x 600 mm beam
subjected to a factored bending moment of 300 kNm with effective cover 50 mm and
materials M20-Fe415 grade. Take fsc = 352 MPa
B.3.4
Determine ultimate moment of resistance for a simply supported T-beam of span 6.15 m
supporting slabs of thickness 120 mm and 130 mm on either side. Width of column is 230
mm and overall depth of beam is 520 mm. The beam carries bottom reinforcement as 316 with M20-Fe415 grade materials.
B.3.5
A slab panel of size 4.5 m x 6 m is designed as a two-way slab with total ultimate design
load of 13.5 kN/m2 and thickness 140 mm. Design i) longer beam and ii) shorter beam as
L-beam with M20-Fe415 grade materials.
B.3.6
Design an L-beam as support beam for a 150 mm thick cantilever slab panel of size 5 m
x 1.2 m if total ultimate load on slab is 10 kN/m2 with materials of grade M25-Fe500.
Calculate value of average bond stress for M25 grade concrete with HYSD bar in tension.
B.5.2
Calculate value of average bond stress for M20 grade concrete with mild steel bar in
compression.
B.5.3
Calculate value of average bond stress for M25 grade concrete with HYSD bar in
compression.
B.5.4
Calculate development length for 16 Fe 500 bar in compression in M25 grade concrete.
B.6.2
Design suitable shear reinforcement for a 230 mm x 485 mm (effective) beam carrying 322 Fe415 grade bars at bottom with concrete M20 grade i) using bent-up bars ii)
without bent-up bars. The beam has simply supported span of 5.5 m with total ultimate
load of 60 kN/m.
B.6.3
A beam has effective cross-section of 230 mm x 450 mm with bottom steel 0.65 %.
Design the beam for an ultimate shear force of 120 kN without bent-up bars. Assume
M20-Fe415 grade materials.
B.6.4
Design a beam for shear with the following data : span = 5 m, cross-section : 230 mm x
385 mm (effective), total ultimate load = 35 kN/m, c = 0.64 MPa, materials : M20-Fe415
grade.
B.6.5
Determine ultimate shear resisted by mild steel two-legged shear stirrups 6 @ 175 mm
c/c for a beam having effective depth 510 mm.
Design a simply supported one-way slab having span 3.4 m as a floor slab for a live load
of 3 kN/m2. Materials : M20-Fe500. Draw reinforcement detailing.
B.7.2
Design a cantilever roof slab with access denied for a span of 1.5 m assuming M25Fe500 grade materials. Draw reinforcement detailing.
B.7.3
Design a two-way simply supported residential floor slab with corners free to lift for a
panel size 3.5 m x 5 m for materials of grades M20-Fe415. Draw reinforcement detailing.
B.7.4
Design the waist slab of a dog-legged stair for a floor to floor height of 3.3 m assuming
materials of grades M20-Fe415. Draw reinforcement detailing.
B.7.5
Design a cantilever chhajja of span 0.75 m for a total ultimate imposed load (excluding
self weight) of 3 kN/m2 for materials M20-Fe415 grade.
Determine ultimate load carrying capacity of an axially loaded short column 300 mm x
650 mm carrying 8-20 bars of Fe 415 grade steel. Concrete grade : M25.
Design an axially loaded short column for M25-Fe500 grade materials for an ultimate load
of 2200 kN. Also design transverse reinforcement.
B.8.3
Design an isolated footing of uniform depth for a column 300 mm x 400 mm with 6-16
bars to transfer ultimate load of 1400 kN. Bearing capacity of soil is 250 kN/m2. Asssume
M20-Fe415 grade materials. Check the design for shear.
C: DIAGRAM QUESTIONS
C.1 Topic 1 : Introduction to Limit State Theory
Draw labeled diagrams of the following :
C.1.1
C.1.2
C.2 Topic 2 : Flexural Analysis and Design of Singly Reinforced Rectangular Sections
Draw labeled diagrams of the following :
C.2.1
C.2.2
C.2.3
C.2.4
C.2.5
C.2.6
C.2.7
C.3 Topic 3 : Flexural Analysis and Design of Doubly Reinforced Beams and Flanged Beams
Draw labeled diagrams of the following :
C.3.1
C.3.2
C.3.3
Typical L-section, cross-section and stress diagrams for a doubly reinforced rectangular
beam
Typical cross-section with dimensions labeled for i) T-beam ii) L-beam
Typical L-section, cross-section and stress diagram for a T-beam with neutral axis in the
flange.
10
Typical beam sections showing IS specifications for spacing of bars, layers, end cover
and clear cover, minimum and maximum area of steel
Typical slab sections showing IS specifications for spacing of bars, layers, end cover and
clear cover, minimum and maximum area of steel
A dimensioned panel showing spanning direction, support beams and span of i) one-way
slab and ii) two-way slab
Typical cross-section of simply supported one-way slab
Typical cross-sections of simply supported two-way slab i) along short span and ii) along
long span
Typical cross-section of one-way continuous slab having 3 spans
Typical cross-section of cantilever slab
Cross-section and plan of slab showing IS specifications for i) spacing of bars, ii) Cover
to bars
Plan and cross-section with typical reinforcement detailing of dog-legged stair
Symbol
Meaning
Related formula
***
12
Value
Unit
Topic