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Combined Effects of Chemical
Combined Effects of Chemical
R. MUTHURAJ1
S. SRINIVAS2
D. LOURDU IMMACULATE3
1
Department of Mathematics,
P.S.N.A. College of Eng. &Tech.,
Dindigul, India
2
Fluid Dynamics Division, VIT
University, Vellore, India
3
Department of School education,
Othakadi, Madurai, Government of
Tamilnadu, India
SCIENTIFIC PAPER
UDC 519.87:532.57:66
DOI 10.2298/CICEQ111122007M
CI&CEQ
305
The study of couple-stress fluids has applications in a number of processes that occur in industry
such as the extrusion of polymer fluids, solidification
of liquid crystals, cooling of metallic plate in a bath,
exotic lubricants, and colloidal solutions, etc. The constitutive equations for couple-stress fluids are given
by Stokes [12]. The theory proposed by Stokes is the
simplest one for micro-fluids, which allows polar effects such as the presence of couple-stress, body
couple, and non-symmetric tensors. Various studies
on couple stress fluid have been made under different
physical aspects. However, some recent contributions
in the field may be mentioned in Refs. [12-21]. Mekheimer [17] analyzed the MHD flow of a conducting
couple stress fluid in a slit channel with rhythmically
contracting walls. Sobh [18] studied the effect of slip
velocity on peristaltic flow of a couple-stress fluid in
uniform and non-uniform symmetric channels using
long wavelength approximation. Srinivasacharya et
al. [19] have reported the incompressible laminar flow
of a couplestress fluid in a porous channel with expanding or contracting walls using similarity transformation. Pandey and Chaube [20] have studied the
wall properties on peristaltic transport of a couple-stress
fluid using perturbation technique. More recently, Nadeem and Akram [21] have examined the peristaltic
transport of a couplestress fluid in an asymmetric
channel with the effect of the induced magnetic field
under the assumptions of long wave length and low
but finite Reynolds number.
Mixed convection flows with simultaneous heat
and mass transfer under the influence of a magnetic
field and chemical reaction arise in many transport
processes both naturally and in many branches of science and engineering applications. Some recent interesting contributions on this topic can be found in the
studies [22-27]. Pal and Talukdar [26] have analyzed
the unsteady magnetohydrodynamic convective heat
and mass transfer in a boundary layer slip flow past a
vertical permeable plate with thermal radiation and
chemical reaction using perturbation technique. Hayat
et al. [27] have described the unsteady flow with heat
and mass transfer characteristics in a third grade fluid
bounded by a stretching sheet. Most recently, Srinivas and Muthuraj [28] have examined the effects of
chemical reaction and space porosity on MHD mixed
convective flow in a vertical asymmetric channel with
peristalsis. They considered the flow is examined in a
wave frame of reference moving with the velocity of
the wave. The channel asymmetry is produced by
choosing the peristaltic wave train on the walls to
have different amplitude and phase. To the best of our
knowledge, no investigation has been made to analyze the heat and mass transfer effects on MHD flow
306
of couple stress fluid in a vertical channel with chemical reaction. Keeping this in view and motivated by
the earlier studies, an attempt has been made to
understand the combined effects of chemical reaction
and temperature dependent heat source on MHD flow
of a couple stress fluid in a vertical wavy porous space
with traveling thermal waves. The governing equations of the problem are solved by the perturbation
technique using amplitude as a small parameter. The
results for flow, heat and mass transfer characteristics
have been discussed in detail with the help of graphs.
FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM
Consider the unsteady, mixed convective heat
and mass transfer, MHD flow of a couple stress fluid
between two vertical wavy walls embedded in a porous medium. We consider the wavy wall in which the
x axis is taken vertically upward, and parallel to the
direction of buoyancy, and the y axis is normal to it
(Figure 1). A uniform magnetic field is applied normal
to the flow direction. The wavy walls are represented
by y = d + a1cos( x + ) and y = d + a1cos x .
u v
+
=0
x y
(1)
u
u
u
+u
+v
t
x
y
p
+ 2u 4u
=
k
v
+u
C p
v
x
+u
+v
( x *, y *) =
(2)
p* =
p
U
(x , y ) , t * =
u
v
tU
, u* = , v* = ,
d
U
U
'
'
T T1
'
'
T2 T1
,=
C C1
'
'
C 2 C1
(8)
v
p
=
+ 2v 4v
v
y
k
y
(3)
T
= K 2T + Q (T -T1' )
y
(4)
u v
+
=0
x y
T
x
+v
(9)
1 2u 2u 1 2
u
u
u
p
2
2
+u
+v
=
+
2 + 2 2 2 + 2 u H u + Gr + Gc
t
x
y
x Re x
y a x
y
(10)
2
1 2v 2v 1 2
1
v
v
v
p
2
v v
+u
+v
=
+
+
+
2
2
2
2
2
Da
t
x
y
y Re x
y a x
y
(11)
C
C
C
+u
+v
t
x
y
= Dm 2C k 1C
(5)
where
2
2
2 = 2 + 2
x
y
2u
y 2
=
+u
+v
t
x
y
1 1 2 2
=
+
Re Sc x 2 y 2
(13)
+ K 1
2u
(6)
= 0 , u = 0, v = 0, T =T2' , C = C 2' , at
y = d + a1cos x
(12)
= 0 , u = 0, v = 0, T =T1' , C = C1' , at
y = d + a1cos( x + )
1 2 2
=
Pr
+u
+v
+
2+
x
y Re x
y 2
= 0 , u = 0, v = 0, = 0, = 0 at
y 2
y = -1+ cos(x + )
(14)
2u
(7)
= 0 , u = 0, v = 0, = 1, = 1 at
y 2
y = 1+ cosx
(15)
307
u ( x , y ,t ) = u 0 ( y ) + u1( x , y ,t ) ;
v ( x , y ,t ) = v 1( x , y ,t ) ;
( x , y ) = 0 ( y ) + 1( x , y ,t ) ;
p ( x , y ) = p 0 ( x ) + p1( x , y ) ;
( x , y ,t ) = 0 ( y ) + 1( x , y ,t )
u 0'' = 0 , u0 = 0, 0 = 1, 0 = 1 at y = 1
and
(16)
1 = e i ( x + )0' , 1 = e i ( x + )0' at y = 1
dy 4
2
= a Re C
d20
dy 2
d20
dy 2
d2u 0
dy 2
+ a 2H 2u 0 a 2 (Gr0 + Gc0 ) =
(17)
+ 10 = 0
(18)
Sc0 + K 1Sc = 0
(19)
u1 v 1
+
=0
x
y
(20)
u
u 1
u
p
1 2u1 2u1 1
+ u 0 1 +v 1 0 = 1 +
+
t
x
y
x Re x 2 y 2 a 2
1 2v 1 2v 1 1
v 1
v
p
+ u0 1 = 1 +
+
t
x
y Re x 2 y 2 a 2
Pr 1 + u 0 1 + v 1 0
y
t
x
+
Re a 2 +2( xxy u 0 yyy + xxyy u 0 yy )
1 2
1
xx
+
H yy + Gr 1y + Gc 1y +
Re
Da
4u 1 4u1
2u 1 2u 0
2
H
u
G
G
2
+
+
r
c
1
1
1
4
y 4
x 2 y 2
x
4v 1 4v 1 1
v 1
4 +
x
y 4 Da
(21)
(22)
1
1xx + 1yy + 1
Re
(32)
+ x oy
1 1
[1xx + 1yy ] 1
Re Sc
(33)
(34)
where
(25)
u 0'' = 0 , u0 = 0, 0 = 0, 0 = 0, at y = 1
308
(30)
1t + u 01x
1 1 21 21
2 +
1
Re Sc x
y 2
1
p
C = 0 and H 2 = M 2 +
Da
x
and v 1 =
y
x
(23)
1 21 21
+ 11
2 +
2
Re x
y
u1 =
Pr[1t + u 01x + x 0 y ] =
+ u 0 1 +v 1 0 =
t
x
y
=
(28)
d4u 0
(27)
(26)
1 = e i x 0' , 1 = e i x 0' at y = 1
(35)
( x , y ,t ) = e i ( x + t ) 1( y )
(36)
1( x , y ,t ) = e i ( x + t )1( y )
(37)
( x , y ,t ) = e i ( x +t )1( y )
(38)
(51)
0 ( y ) = A1 cosh 1y + B1 sinh 1y +
i 1u 0 yy + (i 2 1 i 1yy ) u 0 (i 1yy i 3 1) =
0 ( y ) = A cos y + B sin y
K 1Sc
12
(52)
1 4
1
[ 1 2 2 1yy + 1yyyy ] +
Re
Re a 2
(39)
2
1 2
H 1yy + Gr 1y + Gc 1y +
1yyyyyy + 4 1yy 2 1yyyy 6 1 2( 2 1y u 0 yyy + 2 1yy u 0 yy ) +
Re
Da 1
1 2
Pr[i 1 + i u 01 + i 0 y ] =
1 + 1yy + 11
Re
1 1
i 1 + i u 01 + i 1oy =
( 21 + 1yy ) 1
Re Sc
where:
1 = Sc ; H = M 2 +
(42)
1 = e i t 0' at y = 1
(43)
1 in terms of so that:
1 ( , y ) = 1r , 1( , y ) = 1r ,
r
r =0
r =0
1( , y ) = r 1r
(44)
r =0
3 =
Da
; 2 =
First order solution. The solutions of Eqs. (45)(47), subjected to the conditions (48) and (49) are:
10 = A5 + B 5 y + C 5 cosh 7 y + D5 sinh 7 y +
+E 5 cosh 8 y + F5 sinh 8 y +T15 sin 5 y +
+T16 cos 5 y +T17 sinh 4 y +T18 cosh 4 y
(53)
10 = A4 cos 5 y + B 4 sin 5 y
(54)
10 = A3 cosh 4 y + B 3 sinh 4 y
(55)
vi
iv
''
10
a 2 10
+ a 2 (H 2 + i Re ) 10
+
=0
6 = a 2 (i Re + H 2 ) ; 7 =
''
10
+ (1 i Re Pr)10 = 0
''
10
(47)
8 =
= e i ( t )u 0'''
'
10
=e
i t
u , 10 = 0,
at y = 1
a 2 a 4 46
2
(48)
xy = (
'''
10
= e i t u 0''' , 10' = e i t u 0' , 10 = 0, 10 = e i t 0' ,
10 =
by:
'
0
10 = e i ( t )0' , 10 = e i ( t )0' at y = 1
e i t 0'
a 2 + a 4 46
(46)
Sc( + i Re)10 = 0
a 2 a a 2 4H 2
where:
(45)
(41)
a 2 + a a 2 4H 2
(40)
(49)
Zeroth-order solution. The solution of Eqs.(17)(19) subject to the boundary conditions (26)(27) are:
u v
+
)
y x
(56)
In nondimensionless form:
d2
u v
+
=
2 xy
y x
(57)
1 = 10 R.P of
''
[e i ( x + )u '0' ( 1) + e i ( x +t ) 10
( 1)]
(58)
309
2 = 20 R.P of
(59)
''
[e i x u '0' (1) + e i ( x +t ) 10
(1)]
respectively, where:
(60)
h * = K
T
y
(61)
'
d [e i ( x +t ) 10
( y )]
(62)
Nu1 = Nu1 + R .P of
[e
i ( x + ) ' '
0 ( 1) + e
i ( x +t ) '
(63)
10 ( 1)]
'
respectively, where:
Nu10 = 0' ( 1) ; Nu02 = 0' (1)
(65)
The dimensionless mass transfer number corresponding to the Nusselt number is the Sherwood
number, written as
Sh =
(66)
{e
[
i ( x + ) ' '
'
0 (1) + e i ( x +t ) 10 (1)]
(67)
(68)
respectively, where:
Sh10 = 0' ( 1) ; Sh02 = 0' (1)
(69)
310
0.04
0.03
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.025
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.015
(b)
0.01
(a)
0.01
0.01
(c)
0.005
0
-1
-0.5
0.5
0
-1
-0.5
0.5
0
-1
0.5
0.5
0.15
0.035
0.15
-0.5
0.03
0.025
0.1
0.015
(d)
0.05
0.1
0.02
(e)
0.01
0.05
(f )
0.005
0
-1
-0.5
0.5
0
-1
-0.5
0.5
0
-1
-0.5
-5
-5
1
0.5
x 10
1.5
(a)
1.5
1
(b)
-0.5
(c)
-0.5
-0.5
-1
-5
0.5
0.5
x 10
-1
-1
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0.5
-1.5
-1
-1.5
-0.5
0.5
-1
-0.5
0.5
311
1
0.8
0.8
(a)
0.8
0.6
0.6
0.4
0
-1
0.4
0.5
-1
-0.5
0.15
0.1
y=-1
0.5
(a)
y=1
Gc
-0.4
-1
-0.5
0.5
y=-1
-0.05
-0.05
-0.1
-5
(b)
0.05
0.05
0.1
0.2
-0.2
-0.5
0.4
0.2
0.2
(b)
0.6
y=1
-0.1
-5
10
Gc
10
1.5
(a)
y=1
Nu
(b)
y=-1
0.5
Nu
0.5
-0.5
y=-1
0.2
0.4
y=1
-0.5
0.6
0.8
-1
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
312
wavy porous space in the presence of chemical reaction and temperature dependent heat source with
travelling thermal waves has been studied. Such flow
analysis plays an important role in many engineering
applications, such as oil recovery, food processing,
paper making and slurry transporting. The dimensionless governing equations are perturbed into: mean
(zeroth-order) part and a perturbed part, using amplitude as a small parameter. Analytical solutions for velocity, temperature and concentration field have been
Sh
y=1
1
0
M - Hartmann number
p Pressure
Pr Prandtl number
Re - Reynolds number
Sc - Schmidt number
T - Temperature of the fluid
T1, T2 - Wall temperatures
u, v - Velocity components
U - Mean velocity
Greek symbols
1 - Heat source/sink parameter
c - Concentration expansion coefficient
t - Thermal expansion coefficient
- Chemical reaction parameter
- Dynamic viscosity
- Density
- Phase angle
- Kinematic viscosity
- Porosity of the medium
- Coefficient of electric conductivity
- A constant associated with the couple stress
- Frequency
- The nondimensional wave number
x - Wall wavinesss parameter
- Nondimensional amplitude parameter
Subscripts
-1
-2
0 - Mean quantities
1 Perturbed quantities
y=-1
0.5
Sc
1.5
Acknowledgement
Authors acknowledge the financial support from
Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India, under the project number SR/S4.MS:674/10.
REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
Nomenclature
[12]
[13]
[14]
313
[15]
[23]
[16]
[24]
[17]
[18]
[25]
[19]
[26]
[20]
[27]
[21]
[22]
[28]
R. MUTHURAJ1
S. SRINIVAS2
D. LOURDU IMMACULATE3
1
314
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