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1.4.5. Step 4: Setting Up The CFD Simulation in ANSYS FLUENT
1.4.5. Step 4: Setting Up The CFD Simulation in ANSYS FLUENT
1.4.5. Step 4: Setting Up The CFD Simulation in ANSYS FLUENT
1.4.5.Step4:SettingUptheCFDSimulationinANSYSFLUENT
1.4.5.Step4:SettingUptheCFDSimulationinANSYSFLUENT
Nowthatyouhavecreatedacomputationalmeshfortheelbowgeometry,inthisstepyouwillsetupaCFD
analysisusingANSYSFLUENT,thenreviewthelistoffilesgeneratedbyANSYSWorkbench.
1. StartANSYSFLUENT.
IntheANSYSWorkbenchProjectSchematic,doubleclicktheSetupcellintheelbowfluidflow
analysissystem.YoucanalsorightclicktheSetupcelltodisplaythecontextmenuwhereyoucanselect
theEdit...option.
WhenANSYSFLUENTisfirststarted,theFLUENTLauncherisdisplayed,enablingyoutoviewand/or
setcertainANSYSFLUENTstartupoptions.
Note:TheFLUENTLauncherallowsyoutodecidewhichversionofANSYS
FLUENTyouwilluse,basedonyourgeometryandonyourprocessingcapabilities.
Figure1.16:FLUENTLauncher
a. Ensurethattheproperoptionsareenabled.
Important:NotethattheDimensionsettingisalreadyfilledinandcannotbe
changed,sinceANSYSFLUENTautomaticallysetsitbasedonthemeshorgeometry
forthecurrentsystem.
i. EnsurethatSerialfromtheProcessingOptionslistisenabled.
ii. EnabletheDisplayMeshAfterReading,EmbedGraphicsWindows,andWorkbench
ColorSchemeoptions.
Note:Anoptionisenabledwhenthereisacheckmarkinthecheckbox,and
disabledwhenthecheckboxisempty.Tochangeanoptionfromdisabledto
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1.4.5.Step4:SettingUptheCFDSimulationinANSYSFLUENT
enabled(orviceversa),clickthecheckboxorthetext.
iii. EnsurethattheDoublePrecisionoptionisdisabled.
Note:FLUENTwillretainyourpreferencesforfuturesessions.
b. ClickOKtolaunchANSYSFLUENT.
Note:TheANSYSFLUENTsettingsfile(FFF.set)iswrittenassoonasANSYS
FLUENTopens.
Figure1.17:TheANSYSFLUENTApplication
2. SetgeneralsettingsfortheCFDanalysis.
Note:SelectGeneralinthenavigationpanetoperformthemeshrelatedactivitiesandto
chooseasolver.
General
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1.4.5.Step4:SettingUptheCFDSimulationinANSYSFLUENT
a. Changetheunitsforlength.
BecauseyouwanttospecifyandviewvaluesbasedonaunitoflengthininchesfromwithinANSYS
FLUENT,changetheunitsoflengthwithinANSYSFLUENTfrommeters(thedefault)toinches.
Important:NotethattheANSYSMeshingapplicationautomaticallyconvertsand
exportsmeshesforANSYSFLUENTusingmeters(m)astheunitoflength
regardlessofwhatunitswereusedtocreatethem.Thisissoyoudonothavetoscale
themeshinANSYSFLUENTunderANSYSWorkbench.
GeneralUnits...
ThisdisplaystheSetUnitsdialogbox.
i. SelectlengthintheQuantitieslist.
ii. SelectinintheUnitslist.
iii. Closethedialogbox.
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1.4.5.Step4:SettingUptheCFDSimulationinANSYSFLUENT
Note:Now,allsubsequentinputsthatrequireavaluebasedonaunitoflengthcan
bespecifiedininchesratherthanmeters.
b. Checkthemesh.
GeneralCheck
Note:ANSYSFLUENTwillreporttheresultsofthemeshcheckintheconsole.
DomainExtents:
xcoordinate:min(m)=2.032000e01,max(m)=2.032000e01
ycoordinate:min(m)=2.286000e01,max(m)=2.032000e01
zcoordinate:min(m)=2.332952e18,max(m)=5.080000e02
Volumestatistics:
minimumvolume(m3):1.236631e10
maximumvolume(m3):5.543948e08
totalvolume(m3):2.633948e03
Faceareastatistics:
minimumfacearea(m2):2.155477e07
maximumfacearea(m2):3.423963e05
Checkingmesh.........................
Done.
Note:Theminimumandmaximumvaluesmayvaryslightlywhenrunningon
differentplatforms.Themeshcheckwilllisttheminimumandmaximumxandy
valuesfromthemeshinthedefaultSIunitofmeters.Itwillalsoreportanumberof
othermeshfeaturesthatarechecked.Anyerrorsinthemeshwillbereportedatthis
time.EnsurethattheminimumvolumeisnotnegativeasANSYSFLUENTcannot
beginacalculationwhenthisisthecase.
c. Reviewthemeshquality.
GeneralReportQuality
Note:ANSYSFLUENTwillreporttheresultsofthemeshqualitybelowtheresults
ofthemeshcheckintheconsole.
MeshQuality:
OrthogonalQualityrangesfrom0to1,wherevaluescloseto0correspondtolowquality.
MinimumOrthogonalQuality=3.03883e01
MaximumAspectRatio=1.92309e+01
Note:Thequalityofthemeshplaysasignificantroleintheaccuracyandstabilityof
thenumericalcomputation.Checkingthequalityofyourmeshis,therefore,an
importantstepinperformingarobustsimulation.Minimumcellorthogonalityisan
importantindicatorofmeshquality.Valuesfororthogonalitycanvarybetween0and
1withlowervaluesindicatingpoorerqualitycells.Ingeneral,theminimum
orthogonalityshouldnotbebelow0.01withtheaveragevaluesignificantlylarger.
Thehighaspectratiocellsinthismesharenearthewallsandarearesultofthe
boundarylayerinflationappliedinthemeshingstep.Formoreinformationaboutthe
importanceofmeshqualityrefertoMeshQualityintheUsersGuide.
3. SetupyourmodelsfortheCFDsimulation.
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1.4.5.Step4:SettingUptheCFDSimulationinANSYSFLUENT
Models
a. Enableheattransferbyactivatingtheenergyequation.
Models
EnergyEdit...
Note:Youcanalsodoubleclickalistiteminordertoopenthecorrespondingdialog
box.
i. EnabletheEnergyEquationoption.
ii. ClickOKtoclosetheEnergydialogbox.
b. Enablethe turbulencemodel.
Models
ViscousEdit...
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1.4.5.Step4:SettingUptheCFDSimulationinANSYSFLUENT
i. SelectkepsilonfromtheModellist.
Note:TheViscousModeldialogboxwillexpand.
ii. UsethedefaultStandardfromthekepsilonModellist.
iii. SelectEnhancedWallTreatmentfortheNearWallTreatment.
Note:ThedefaultStandardWallFunctionsaregenerallyapplicableifthefirst
cellcenteradjacenttothewallhasay+largerthan30.Incontrast,the
EnhancedWallTreatmentoptionprovidesconsistentsolutionsforally+
values.EnhancedWallTreatmentisrecommendedwhenusingthekepsilon
modelforgeneralsinglephasefluidflowproblems.Formoreinformation
aboutNearWallTreatmentsinthekepsilonmodelrefertoSettingUpthek
ModelintheUsersGuide.
iv. ClickOKtoacceptthemodelandclosetheViscousModeldialogbox.
4. SetupyourmaterialsfortheCFDsimulation.
Materials
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1.4.5.Step4:SettingUptheCFDSimulationinANSYSFLUENT
a. CreateanewmaterialcalledwaterusingtheCreate/EditMaterialsdialogbox(Figure1.18:The
Create/EditMaterialsDialogBox).
Materials
FluidCreate/Edit...
i. TypewaterforName.
ii. EnterthefollowingvaluesinthePropertiesgroupbox:
Property
Density
(SpecificHeat)
Value
1000
4216
ThermalConductivity
0.677
Viscosity
8e04
Figure1.18:TheCreate/EditMaterialsDialogBox
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1.4.5.Step4:SettingUptheCFDSimulationinANSYSFLUENT
iii. ClickChange/Create.
Note:AQuestiondialogboxwillopen,askingifyouwanttooverwriteair.
ClickNosothatthenewmaterialwaterisaddedtotheFLUENTFluid
Materialslistofmaterialsthatoriginallycontainedonlyair.
Extra:Youcouldhavecopiedthematerialwaterliquid(h2o<l>)fromthe
materialsdatabase(accessedbyclickingtheANSYSFLUENTDatabase...
button).Ifthepropertiesinthedatabasearedifferentfromthoseyouwantto
use,youcaneditthevaluesinthePropertiesgroupboxintheCreate/Edit
MaterialsdialogboxandclickChange/Createtoupdateyourlocalcopy.The
originalcopywillnotbeaffected.
iv. Ensurethattherearenowtwomaterials(waterandair)definedlocallybyexaminingthe
FLUENTFluidMaterialsdropdownlist.
Note:BoththematerialswillalsobelistedunderFluidintheMaterialstask
page.
v. ClosetheCreate/EditMaterialsdialogbox.
5. SetupthecellzoneconditionsfortheCFDsimulation.
CellZoneConditions
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1.4.5.Step4:SettingUptheCFDSimulationinANSYSFLUENT
a. Setthecellzoneconditionsforthefluidzone.
i. SelectfluidintheZonelistintheCellZoneConditionstaskpage,thenclickEdit...toopen
theFluiddialogbox.
Note:Youcanalsodoubleclickalistiteminordertoopenthecorresponding
dialogbox.
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1.4.5.Step4:SettingUptheCFDSimulationinANSYSFLUENT
ii. IntheFluiddialogbox,selectwaterfromtheMaterialNamedropdownlist.
iii. ClickOKtoclosetheFluiddialogbox.
6. SetuptheboundaryconditionsfortheCFDanalysis.
BoundaryConditions
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1.4.5.Step4:SettingUptheCFDSimulationinANSYSFLUENT
a. Settheboundaryconditionsatthecoldinlet(velocityinletlarge).
BoundaryConditions
velocityinletlargeEdit...
ThisopenstheVelocityInletdialogbox.
Tip:Ifyouareunsureofwhichinletzonecorrespondstothecoldinlet,youcanuse
themousetoprobeformeshinformationinthegraphicswindow.Ifyouclickthe
rightmousebuttonwiththepointeronanynodeinthemesh,informationaboutthe
associatedzonewillbedisplayedintheANSYSFLUENTconsole,includingthe
nameofthezone.ThezoneyouprobedwillbeautomaticallyselectedfromtheZone
selectionlistintheBoundaryConditionstaskpage.
Alternatively,youcanclicktheprobebutton( )inthegraphicstoolbarandclick
theleftmousebuttononanynode.Thisfeatureisespeciallyusefulwhenyouhave
severalzonesofthesametypeandyouwanttodistinguishbetweenthemquickly.
Theinformationwillbedisplayedintheconsole.
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1.4.5.Step4:SettingUptheCFDSimulationinANSYSFLUENT
i. SelectComponentsfromtheVelocitySpecificationMethoddropdownlist.
Note:TheVelocityInletdialogboxwillexpand.
ii. Enter0.4
forXVelocity.
iii. Retainthedefaultvalueof0
forbothYVelocityandZVelocity.
iv. SelectIntensityandHydraulicDiameterfromtheSpecificationMethoddropdownlistin
theTurbulencegroupbox.
v. Enter5 forTurbulentIntensity.
vi. Enter4inchesforHydraulicDiameter.
Note:Thehydraulicdiameter
isdefinedas:
whereisthecrosssectionalareaandisthewettedperimeter.
vii. ClicktheThermaltab.
viii. Enter293.15forTemperature.
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1.4.5.Step4:SettingUptheCFDSimulationinANSYSFLUENT
ix. ClickOKtoclosetheVelocityInletdialogbox.
b. Inasimilarmanner,settheboundaryconditionsatthehotinlet(velocityinletsmall),usingthe
valuesinthefollowingtable:
BoundaryConditions
velocityinletsmallEdit...
VelocitySpecificationMethod
Components
XVelocity
YVelocity
1.2
ZVelocity
SpecificationMethod
Intensity&HydraulicDiameter
TurbulentIntensity
HydraulicDiameter
1in
Temperature
313.15
c. Settheboundaryconditionsattheoutlet(pressureoutlet),asshowninthePressureOutletdialog
box.
BoundaryConditions
pressureoutletEdit...
Note:ANSYSFLUENTwillusethebackflowconditionsonlyifthefluidisflowing
intothecomputationaldomainthroughtheoutlet.Sincebackflowmightoccurat
somepointduringthesolutionprocedure,youshouldsetreasonablebackflow
conditionstopreventconvergencefrombeingadverselyaffected.
7. SetupsolutionparametersfortheCFDsimulation.
Note:Inthestepsthatfollow,youwillsetupandrunthecalculationusingthetaskpages
listedundertheSolutionheadinginthenavigationpane.
a. ChangetheGradientmethod.
SolutionMethods
IntheSpatialDiscretizationsectionoftheSolutionMethodspane,changetheGradienttoGreen
GaussNodeBased.Thisgradientmethodissuggestedfortetrahedralmeshes.
b. Examinetheconvergencecriteriafortheequationresiduals.
Monitors
ResidualsEdit...
i. EnsurethatPlotisenabledintheOptionsgroupbox.
ii. KeepthedefaultvaluesfortheAbsoluteCriteriaoftheResiduals,asshownintheResidual
Monitorsdialogbox.
iii. ClickOKtoclosetheResidualMonitorsdialogbox.
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1.4.5.Step4:SettingUptheCFDSimulationinANSYSFLUENT
Note:Bydefault,allvariableswillbemonitoredandcheckedbyANSYS
FLUENTasameanstodeterminetheconvergenceofthesolution.
c. Createasurfacemonitorattheoutlet(pressureoutlet)
Itisgoodpracticetomonitorphysicalsolutionquantitiesinadditiontoequationresidualswhen
assessingconvergence.
Monitors(SurfaceMonitors)Create...
i. Retainthedefaultentryofsurfmon1fortheNameofthesurfacemonitor.
ii. EnablethePlotoptionforsurfmon1.
iii. SetGetDataEveryto3byclickingtheuparrowbutton.
ThissettinginstructsANSYSFLUENTtoupdatetheplotofthesurfacemonitorandwritedata
toafileafterevery3iterationsduringthesolution.
iv. SelectMassWeightedAveragefromtheReportTypedropdownlist.
v. SelectTemperature...andStaticTemperaturefromtheFieldVariabledropdownlists.
vi. SelectpressureoutletfromtheSurfacesselectionlist.
vii. ClickOKtosavethesurfacemonitorsettingsandclosetheSurfaceMonitordialogbox.
ThenameandreporttypeofthesurfacemonitoryoucreatedwillbedisplayedintheSurface
MonitorsselectionlistintheMonitorstaskpage.
d. Initializetheflowfield.
SolutionInitialization
i. KeepthedefaultofHybridInitializationfromtheInitializationMethodsgroupbox.
ii. ClickInitialize.
e. Checktoseeifthecaseconformstobestpractices.
RunCalculationCheckCase
i. ClicktheModelsandSolvertabsandexaminetheRecommendationineach.These
recommendationscanbeignoredforthistutorial.Theissuestheyraisewillbeaddressedin
latertutorials.
ii. ClosetheCaseCheckdialogbox.
8. Calculateasolution.
a. Startthecalculationbyrequesting300iterations.
RunCalculation
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1.4.5.Step4:SettingUptheCFDSimulationinANSYSFLUENT
i. Enter300forNumberofIterations.
ii. ClickCalculate.
Important:NotethattheANSYSFLUENTsettingsfile(FFF.set)isupdated
beforethecalculationbegins.
Important:Notethatwhiletheprogramiscalculatingthesolution,thestatesofthe
SetupandSolutioncellsinthefluidflowANSYSFLUENTanalysissystemin
ANSYSWorkbencharechanging.Forexample:
ThestateoftheSetupcellbecomesUptoDateandthestateoftheSolution
cellbecomesRefreshRequiredaftertheRunCalculationtaskpageisvisited
andthenumberofiterationsisspecified.
ThestateoftheSolutioncellisUpdateRequiredwhileiterationsaretaking
place.
ThestateoftheSolutioncellisUptoDatewhenthespecifiednumberof
iterationsarecomplete(orifconvergenceisreached).
Note:Asthecalculationprogresses,thesurfacemonitorhistorywillbeplottedinthe
graphicswindow(Figure1.19:ConvergenceHistoryoftheMassWeightedAverage
Temperature).
Note:ThesolutionwillbestoppedbyANSYSFLUENTwhentheresidualsreach
theirspecifiedvaluesorafter300iterations.Theexactnumberofiterationswillvary
dependingontheplatformbeingused.AnInformationdialogboxwillopentoalert
youthatthecalculationiscomplete.ClickOKintheInformationdialogboxto
proceed.
Becausetheresidualvaluesvaryslightlybyplatform,theplotthatappearsonyour
screenmaynotbeexactlythesameastheoneshownhere.
Figure1.19:ConvergenceHistoryoftheMassWeightedAverageTemperature
Youcandisplaytheresidualshistory(Figure1.20:ResidualsfortheConvergedSolution),by
selectingitfromthegraphicswindowdropdownlist.
Figure1.20:ResidualsfortheConvergedSolution
b. Examinetheplotsforconvergence(Figure1.20:ResidualsfortheConvergedSolutionand
Figure1.19:ConvergenceHistoryoftheMassWeightedAverageTemperature).
Note:Therearenouniversalmetricsforjudgingconvergence.Residualdefinitions
thatareusefulforoneclassofproblemaresometimesmisleadingforotherclassesof
problems.Thereforeitisagoodideatojudgeconvergencenotonlybyexamining
residuallevels,butalsobymonitoringrelevantintegratedquantitiesandcheckingfor
massandenergybalances.
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1.4.5.Step4:SettingUptheCFDSimulationinANSYSFLUENT
Therearethreeindicatorsthatconvergencehasbeenreached:
Theresidualshavedecreasedtoasufficientdegree.
ThesolutionhasconvergedwhentheConvergenceCriterionforeachvariable
hasbeenreached.Thedefaultcriterionisthateachresidualwillbereducedtoa
valueoflessthan,excepttheenergyresidual,forwhichthedefaultcriterionis
.
Thesolutionnolongerchangeswithmoreiterations.
Sometimestheresidualsmaynotfallbelowtheconvergencecriterionsetinthe
casesetup.However,monitoringtherepresentativeflowvariablesthrough
iterationsmayshowthattheresidualshavestagnatedanddonotchangewith
furtheriterations.Thiscouldalsobeconsideredasconvergence.
Theoverallmass,momentum,energy,andscalarbalancesareobtained.
Youcanexaminetheoverallmass,momentum,energyandscalarbalancesin
theFluxReportsdialogbox.Thenetimbalanceshouldbelessthan0.2ofthe
netfluxthroughthedomainwhenthesolutionhasconverged.Inthenextstep
youwillchecktoseeifthemassbalanceindicatesconvergence.
9. ViewthelistoffilesgeneratedbyANSYSWorkbench.
ViewFiles
Figure1.21:ANSYSWorkbenchFilesViewfortheProjectAfterGeneratingaSolution
NotethatthestatusoftheSolutioncellisnowuptodate.
Release14.5SASIP,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
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