Manila Metro Rail Transit System

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding
citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2014)

Manila Metro Rail Transit System

MRT Line 3

North Avenue Station platform area

Overview
Type
System
Locale
Stations
Services
Daily ridership

Website
Operation
Opening
Owner

Operator(s)

Rolling stock
Technical
Track length
Track gauge
Electrification
Operating speed

The Manila Metro Rail Transit System, also known as the MRT Line 3, MRT-3, or Metrostar
Express, is a rapid transit system of Metro Manila, Philippines and is composed of a single line that
runs in the general direction along the north and south lanes of Epifanio de los Santos
Avenue (EDSA). Although it has the characteristics of light rail, such as the type of rolling stock used,
it is more akin to a rapid transit system owing to its total grade separation and high passenger
throughput. Envisioned in the 1970s as part of the Metropolitan Manila Strategic Mass Rail Transit
Development Plan, the thirteen-station, 16.9-kilometer (10.5 mi) line was the second rapid transit line
to be built in Metro Manila when it started operations in 1999. It is currently operated by the Metro
Rail Transit Corporation (MRTC), a private company operating in partnership with the Department of
Transportation and Communications (DOTC) under a Build-Operate-Transfer agreement.
Serving close to 600,000 passengers on a daily basis, MRT-3 is the busiest among Metro Manila's
three rapid transit lines, built with essential standards such as barrier-free access and the use of
magnetic card tickets to better facilitate passenger access. However, total ridership significantly
exceeds the its built maximum capacity, with various solutions being proposed or implemented to
alleviate chronic congestion in addition to the procurement of new rolling stock. However, these
solutions have had a mixed effect on ridership, and experts have questioned the line's structural
integrity owing to overcrowding on board the line despite pronouncements that the system in general
is safe.
MRT-3 is integrated with the public transit system in Metro Manila, and passengers also take various
forms of road-based public transport, such as buses, to and from a station to reach their intended
destination. Although the line aimed to reduce traffic congestion and travel times along EDSA, the
transportation system has only been partially successful due to the rising number of motor vehicles
and rapid urbanization. Expanding the network's capacity to accommodate the rising number of
passengers is set on tackling this problem.
Contents
[hide]

1 The MRT-3 network

2 History

3 Station facilities, amenities, and services

o

3.1 Station layout and accessibility

3.2 Shops and services

4 Safety and security

5 Fares and ticketing

o

5.1 Types of tickets

5.2 Fare adjustment

6 Rolling stock
6.1 Depot

7 Plans
o

7.1 Capacity Expansion Project

7.2 Automatic Fare Collection System

7.3 North Extension

7.4 Transfer of operations from MRTC to LRTA

8 See also

9 References

10 External links

The MRT-3 network[edit]

An MRT-3 train approaching Ayala Station.

The line serves 13 stations on 16.9 kilometers (10.5 mi) of line,[1][2] spaced on average around 1,300
metres (4,300 ft) apart.[4] The rails are mostly elevated and erected either over or along the roads
covered, with sections below ground before and after Buendia and Ayala stations, the only
underground stations on the line. The southern terminus of the line is the Taft Avenue station at the
intersection between Epifanio de los Santos Avenue and Taft Avenue, while the northern terminus is
the North Avenue station along Epifanio de los Santos Avenue in Barangay Bagong Pag-

asa, Quezon City. The rail line serves the cities that Circumferential Road 4 (Epifanio de los Santos
Avenue) passes through: Pasay, Makati,Mandaluyong, San Juan and Quezon City.
Three stations currently serve as interchanges between the lines operated by the MRTC, LRTA and
PNR. Magallanes Station is nearby to EDSA Station on the PNR, Araneta Center-Cubao is
connected by a covered walkway to its namesakestation of the LRT-2; and Taft Avenue Station is
connected via covered walkway to the EDSA Station of the LRT-1.
The MRT-3 is open from 5:30 a.m. PST (UTC+8) until 11:00 p.m on weekdays, and
5:30 a.m. PST (UTC+8) until 10:00 pm during weekends and holidays. It operates almost every day
of the year unless otherwise announced. Special schedules are announced via thePA system in
every station and also in newspapers and other mass media. During Holy Week, a public holiday in
the Philippines, the rail system is closed for annual maintenance, owing to fewer commuters and
traffic around the metro. Normal operation resumes on Easter Sunday.[5]
The MRT-3 has experimented with extended opening hours in the last few years, the first of which
included 24-hour operations beginning on June 1, 2009 (primarily aimed at serving call center
agents and other workers in the business process outsourcing sector).[6] Citing low ridership figures
and financial losses, this was suspended after two days, and operations were instead extended from
5:00 a.m. to 1:00 a.m.[7] MRT-3 operations subsequently returned to the former schedule by April
2010, but services were again extended starting March 10, 2014, with trains running on a trial basis
from 4:30 am to 11:30 pm in anticipation of major traffic buildup in light of several major road projects
beginning in 2014.[8]

History[edit]

A northbound MRT-3 train leavingShaw Boulevard Station

Taft Avenue Station platform area

During the construction of the first line of the Manila Light Rail Transit System in the early 1980s,
Electrowatt Engineering Services ofZrich designed a comprehensive plan for metro service in
Metro Manila. The planstill used as the basis for planning new metro linesconsisted of a 150-

kilometer (93 mi) network of rapid transit lines spanning all major corridors within 20 years,
[9]
including a line on Epifanio de los Santos Avenue, the region's busiest road corridor.
The MRT-3 (originally LRT-3) project officially began in 1989, five years after the opening of the LRT
Line 1, with the Hong Kong-based EDSA LRT Corporation winning the public bidding for the line's
construction.[4] However, construction never commenced, with the project stalled as the Philippine
government conducted several investigations into alleged irregularities with the project's contract. [10] A
consortium of local real estate companies, led by Fil-Estate Management, later formed the Metro
Rail Transit Corporation (MRTC) in June 1995 and took over the EDSA LRT Corporation.[4]
The MRTC was subsequently awarded a Build-Operate-Transfer contract by the DOTC, which
meant that the latter would possess ownership of the system and assume all administrative
functions, such as the regulation of fares and operations, leaving the MRTC responsibility over
construction and maintenance of the system as well as the procurement of spare parts for trains. In
exchange, the DOTC would pay the MRTC monthly fees for a certain number of years to reimburse
any incurred costs.[11]
Construction began on the fifteenth of October 1996, with a BOT agreement signed between the
Philippine government and the MRTC.[4]An amended turnkey agreement was later signed on
September 16, 1997 with a consortium of companies (including Mitsubishi Heavy
Industries and Sumitomo Corporation, and a local company, EEI Corporation, which was
subcontracted for civil works). A separate agreement was signed with KD on rolling stock. MRTC
also retained the services of ICF Kaiser Engineers and Constructors to provide program
management and technical oversight of the services for the design, construction management and
commissioning.[12]
During construction, the MRTC oversaw the design, construction, equipping, testing, and
commissioning, while the DOTC oversaw technical supervision of the project activities covered by
the BOT contract between the DOTC and MRTC. The DOTC also sought the services of Systra,
a French consultant firm, with regards to the technical competence, experience and track record in
the construction and operations.[12]
On December 15, 1999, the initial section from North Avenue to Buendia was inaugurated by
President Joseph Estrada,[13] with all remaining stations opening on July 20, 2000, a little over a
month past the original deadline.[14] However, ridership was initially far below expectations, with
passengers complaining of the stations' steep stairs and the general lack of connectivity with other
modes of public transportation.[15] Passengers also complained of high ticket prices, with the
maximum fare of 34 at the time being significantly higher than a comparable journey on those lines
operated by the LRTA and PNR. Although the MRTC projected 300,000-400,000 passengers riding
the system daily, in the first month of operation the system saw a ridership of only 40,000
passengers daily.[16] The system was even criticized as a white elephant alongside the Manila Light
Rail Transit System and the Metro Manila Skyway.[17] To alleviate passenger complaints, the MRTC
later retrofitted stations with escalators and elevators for easier access, as well as reducing
passenger fares.
By 2004, the MRT-3 had the highest ridership of the three lines, with 400,000 passengers daily. By
early 2015, the system was carrying around 500,000 during weekdays and was often badly
overcrowded during peak times of access during the day.
On August 13, 2014 the train at the Taft Avenue Station became derailed and overshot to the streets.
First, the train had stopped after Magallanes Station (before the Taft Avenue Station) because of a
technical problem. Then the train broke down so a following train was used to push the stalled train.
However, during this process, the first train became detached and overshot at Taft Avenue, breaking
the concrete barriers and falling to the street below. At least 38 people were injured. [18]

Station facilities, amenities, and services[edit]

Buendia Station, one of the MRT-3 stations with an island platform.

The entrance to Ayala station as seen from the Ayala Center

Bridge linking the MRT-3 Taft Avenue Station to the nearby LRT-1 EDSA Station

With the exception of Buendia Avenue and Ayala Avenue stations, and the platform level of Taft
Avenue and Boni Avenue stations, all stations are situated above ground, taking advantage of
EDSA's topology.[19]

Station layout and accessibility[edit]

MRT-3 stations have a standard layout, with a concourse level and a platform level. The concourse
is usually above the platform, withstairs, escalators and elevators leading down to the platform level.
Station concourses contain ticket booths, which is separated from the platform level by fare gates.
[4]
Some stations, such as Araneta Center-Cubao, are connected at concourse level to nearby
buildings, such as shopping malls, for easier accessibility. Most stations are also barrier-free inside
and outside the station, and trains have spaces for passengers using wheelchairs.[4]
Stations either have island platforms, such as Taft Avenue and Shaw Boulevard, or side platforms,
such as Ortigas and North Avenue. Part of the platform corresponding to the front car of the train is
cordoned off for the use of women, children, elderly and disabled passengers.

MRT-3 stations are also designed to occupy the entire span of EDSA, allowing passengers to safely
cross between one end of the road and the other.[4]

Shops and services[edit]

Inside the concourse of all stations is at least one stall or stand where people can buy food or drinks.
Stalls vary by station, and some have fast food stalls. The number of stalls also varies by station,
and stations tend to have a wide variety, especially in stations such as Ayalaand Shaw Boulevard.
Stations such as Taft Avenue and North Avenue are connected to or are near shopping malls and/or
other large shopping areas, where commuters are offered more shopping varieties.
Since November 19, 2001, in cooperation with the Philippine Daily Inquirer, passengers are offered
copies of the Inquirer Libre, a free,tabloid-size, Tagalog version of the Inquirer, which is available at
all MRT-3 stations.[20]

Safety and security[edit]

The MRT-3 has always presented itself as a safe system to travel in, which was affirmed in a
2004 World Bank paper prepared by Halcrowdescribing the overall state of metro rail transit
operations in Manila as being "good".[21] However, in recent years, the safety and reliability of the
system has been put into question, with experts calling it "an accident waiting to happen", and while
several incidents and accidents were reported between 2011 and 2014, that has not deterred
commuters from continuing to patronize the system.[22] The Philippine government, meanwhile,
continues to assert that the system is safe overall despite those incidents and accidents. [23]
With a currently estimated daily ridership of 560,000 passengers, the MRT-3 operates significantly
above its designed capacity of between 360,000 and 380,000 passengers per day.[24] Operating over
capacity since 2004,[25] government officials have admitted that capacity and system upgrades are
overdue,[26] although in the absence of major investment in improving system safety and reliability,
MRT-3 management has resorted to experimenting with and/or implementing other solutions to
reduce strain on the system, including deploying more trains,[27] crowd management on station
platforms,[28] the proposed implementation of peak-hour express train service, [29] and improving the
line's signaling system.[30] However, some of these solutions, such as platform crowd management,
are unpopular with passengers.[31]
For safety and security reasons, persons who are visibly intoxicated, insane and/or under the
influence of controlled substances, persons carrying flammable materials and/or explosives, persons
carrying bulky objects or items over 1.5 metres (5 ft) tall and/or wide, and persons bringing pets
and/or other animals are prohibited from entering the MRT-3.[32] Products in tin cans are also
prohibited on board the MRT-3, citing the possibility of home-made bombs being concealed inside
the cans.[33]
In response to the Rizal Day bombings and the September 11th attacks, security has been stepped
up on board the MRT-3. The Philippine National Police has a special police force on the MRT-3,
[34]
and security police provided by private companies can be found in all MRT-3 stations. All MRT-3
stations have a head guard. Some stations may also have a deployed K9 bomb-sniffing dog. The
MRT-3 also employs the use of closed-circuit television inside all stations to monitor suspicious
activities and to assure safety and security aboard the line. Passengers are also advised to look out
for thieves, who can take advantage of the crowding aboard MRT-3 trains. Wanted posters are
posted at all MRT-3 stations to help commuters identify known thieves.

Fares and ticketing[edit]

A sample MRT-3 stored value ticket bearing the face of then-PresidentJoseph Estrada released in 2000.

The design of the single journey ticket with neutral design as of 2012.

The design of the P100 stored value ticket as of 2012. It also indicates the new color designation of the MRT-3.

The MRT-3, like the LRT-1 and LRT-2, uses a distance-based fare structure, with fares ranging from
ten to fifteen pesos (23 to 35 U.S. cents), depending on the destination. Commuters who ride the
MRT-3 are charged 10 for the first three stations, 11 for 45 stations, 12 for 68 stations, 14 for
911 stations and 15 for 12 stations or the entire line. Children below 1.02 metres (3 ft 4.4 in) (the
height of a fare gate) may ride for free on the MRT-3.

Types of tickets[edit]
Two types of MRT-3 tickets exist: a single-journey (one-way) ticket whose cost is dependent on the
destination, and a stored-value (multiple-use) ticket for 100 pesos. The 200-peso & 500-peso storedvalue tickets was issued in the past, but has since been phased out. The single-journey ticket is valid
only on the date of purchase. Meanwhile, the stored-value ticket is valid for three months from date
of first use.[32]
MRT-3 tickets come in several incarnations: these include tickets bearing the portraits of former
presidents Joseph Estrada and Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo,[35] which have since been phased out, and
one bearing the logos of the DOTC and the MRTC. Ticket shortages are common: in 2005, the
MRTC was forced to recycle tickets bearing Estrada's portrait to address critical ticket shortages,
even resorting to borrowing stored-value tickets from the LRTA, [36] and even cutting unusable tickets
in half for use as manual passes.[37] Shortages were also reported in 2012,[38] and the DOTC was
working on procuring additional tickets in 2014.[39] Because of the ticket shortages, it has become

common practice for regular passengers to purchase several stored-value tickets at a time, though
ticket shortages still persist.[40]
Although the MRT-3 has partnered with private telecommunications companies in experimenting
with RFID technology as an alternative ticketing system in the past, [41][42] these were phased out in
2009.[43]

Fare adjustment[edit]
Adjusting passenger fares has been employed by the MRTC as a means to boost flagging ridership
figures,[44] and the issue of MRT-3 fares both historically and in the present day continues to be a
contentious political issue involving officials at even the highest levels of government.
Current MRT-3 fare levels were set on July 15, 2000 under the orders of then President Estrada; this
was intended to have the MRT-3 become competitive against other modes of transport. [45] While
originally set to last until January 2001,[45] the new fare structure persisted due to strong public
opposition against increasing fares,[46] especially as MRT-3 ridership increased significantly after
lower fares were implemented.[44] These lower fareswhich are only slightly more expensive than
jeepney faresare financed through large government subsidies amounting to around 45 per
passenger,[46][47] and which for both the MRT and LRT reached 75 billion between 2004 and 2014.
[48]
Without subsidies, the cost of a single MRT-3 trip is estimated at around 60, [47] and a 10
increase in fares would yield additional monthly revenues of 2-3 billion a month. [49]
Passenger fare subsidies are unpopular outside Metro Manila, with subsidy opponents claiming that
their taxes are being used to subsidize Metro Manila commuters without any benefit to the
countryside, and that the fare subsidies should be used for infrastructure improvements in the rest of
the country.[50] In the 2013 State of the Nation Address, President Benigno Aquino III claimed that it
would be unfair for non-Metro Manila residents to use their taxes to subsidize the LRT and MRT.
[51]
However, supporters of the subsidies claim that the rest of the country benefits economically from
efficient transportation in Metro Manila.[52]

Rolling stock[edit]

MRT-3 train with GE Money Bank (BDO) wrap advertising

Inside an MRT-3 train

The MRT-3 owns 73 light rail vehicles made in the Czech Republic by KD (now part of Siemens
AG) in a three-car configuration.[3] The trains are a gift from the Czech government.[53] Trains have a
capacity of 1,182 passengers,[3] which is smaller than the normal capacity of LRT Line 1 first
generation rolling stock, although MRT-3 trains came with air conditioning. Despite this, the MRT-3 is
designed to carry in excess of 23,000 passengers per hour per direction (PPHPD), and is
expandable to accommodate 48,000 passengers per hour per direction[2] however, with the line's
current 46 minute headways,[54] the system's passenger volume is presently closer to 14,000
18,000 passengers per hour per direction.
MRT-3 trains are particularly known for their use of wrap advertising. A wide variety of
advertisements can be seen on MRT-3 trains, of which some include Samsung
Electronics, Panasonic and Epson products. Trains bearing wrap advertising was very common
aboard the MRT-3, although trains that use MRT-3's house colors are also in service in the network.
The revenues generated from the advertising on MRT-3 trains are used to pay off debts incurred by
the MRTC during the system's construction.

Depot[edit]
The MRT-3 maintains an underground depot in Quezon City, near North Avenue station. On top of
the depot is TriNoma, a shopping mall owned by the Ayala Corporation. It occupies 84,444 square
meters (908,948 sq ft) of space and serves as the headquarters for light and heavy maintenance of
the MRT-3, as well as the operations of the system in general. It is connected to the main MRT-3
network by a spur line. The depot is capable of storing 81 light rail vehicles, with the option to
expand to include 40 more vehicles as demand arises. They are parked on nine sets of tracks, which
converge onto the spur route and later on to the main network.

Plans[edit]
Capacity Expansion Project[edit]
Due to the high ridership of the line a proposal which is under study by the DOTC and NEDA
proposes to double the current capacity by acquiring additional light rail vehicles to accommodate
the 520,000 passenger a day requirement.

Automatic Fare Collection System[edit]

Automatic Fare Collection System involves the decommissioning of the old-magnetic-based ticketing
system and replacing the same with contactless-based smart card technology on LRT Line 1, LRT
Line 2 and MRT Line 3, with the introduction of a centralized back office that will perform
apportionment of revenues. The private sector will operate and maintain the fare collection system.
On January 31, 2014, DOTC awarded the right to build and operate the smart-card system to AF
Consortium.[55] The group comprises Ayala Corporations BPI and Globe Telecom, Metro
Pacific's Smart Communications and Meralco FinServe, MSI Global, which developed automated
fare collection systems software in Singapore and Bangkok, and SMRT, which operates Singapores
mass transit system.[56] It posted a negative bid of 1,088,103,900.00, which edged out the SM
Groups bid of 1,088,000,000.00. Under the terms of the AF Consortium bid, there will be an
upfront payment of PhP 279 million and the balance of 800 million will then be paid in transaction
fees when ridership volume reaches 750 million transactions per quarter. 72% of the total amount
will only be paid to the government in 2024 or 2025, and only if the conditional volume is met. [57]

North Extension[edit]
Although much of the MRT-3 has already been built, the route envisioned by the DOTC and the
government in general was for the MRT-3 to traverse the entire length of EDSA (from Monumento to

Taft Avenue), eventually connecting to Line 1 at Monumento in Caloocan. The expansion has been
shelved in favor of the LRT-1's extension from Monumentoto a new common station that it will share
with the MRT-3 at North Avenue, thus closing the loop. It is also planned that the southern terminus
of the proposed MRT-7, which will link Quezon City, Caloocan (north), and San Jose del Monte
City, Bulacan will be sharing the same station.
The National Economic and Development Authority as well as then President Arroyo herself have
said that the MRT3-LRT1 link at North Avenue is a national priority, since it would not only provide
seamless service between the LRT-1 and the MRT-3, but would also help decongest Metro Manila.
[58]
It is estimated that by 2010, when the extension is completed, some 684,000 commuters would
use the MRT-3 everyday from the present 400,000, and traffic congestion on EDSA would be cut by
as much as fifty percent.[59]
On November 21, 2013, the NEDA board, chaired by President Benigno Aquino III approved the
construction of a common station within North Avenue between SM North EDSA and TriNoma Mall. It
is estimated to cost 1.4 billion pesos. It will feature head-to-head platforms for LRT-1 and MRT-3
trains with a 147.4-meter elevated walkalator to MRT-7.[60]SM Investments Corporation posted 200
million pesos for the naming rights of the common station. [61]

Transfer of operations from MRTC to LRTA[edit]

Recently a new study for the Metro Manila Rail Network has been unveiled by the DOTC
undersecretary for Public Information Dante Velasco that LRT 1, LRT 2, and MRT 3 will be under
one management, The Light Rail Transit Authority. This is due to maintenance cost issues for Line
1's maintenance cost is approximately 35 Million only, Line 2 is 25 Million only, while Line 3 has a
staggering 100 million maintenance cost. Another reason for this study is for the unification of the
LRT 1 and the MRT 3 lines. According to DOTC Undersecretary For Rails Glicerio Sicat, the transfer
is set by the government in June 2011.[62]
On January 13, 2011, Light Rail Transit Authority Chief Rafael S. Rodriguez took over as officer-incharge of MRT-3 in preparation for the integration of operations of the Yellow, Purple, and Blue
Lines.[63] But with the entry of a new leadership into the MRTC that year and in 2012, the transfer is
not likely to happen, however on April 2012 a LRT-1 trainset made the first trial journey to the MRT-3
depot.
On May 26, 2014, Vitangcol was sacked by Transportation and Communication Secretary Joseph
Emilio Abaya, replaced by LRTA Administrator Honorito Chaneco as officer-in-charge. The move
came after Vitangcol was accused by the ambassador of the Czech Republic of extortion and for
awarding an anomalous deal to an uncle-in-law.[64]

See also[edit]

Manila Light Rail Transit System

Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 1 (LRT-1)

Manila Light Rail Transit System Line 2 (MRT-2)

Metro Rail Transit Corporation

List of rapid transit systems

References[edit]

Strong Republic Transit System

List of Strong Repub

Department of Transportation

Transportation in the Philippin

1.

^ Jump up to:a b "About Us - MRT3 Stations". Metro Rail Transit. Retrieved June 8, 2014.

2.

^ Jump up to:a b c "About Us - Background". Metro Rail Transit. Retrieved June 8, 2014.

3.

^ Jump up to:a b c "About Us - MRT3 Trains". Metro Rail Transit. Retrieved June 8, 2014.

4.

^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g Anonas, Alma S. (June 10, 1999). "On track and heading for Year 2K on
MRT-3". Manila Standard (Kamahalan Publishing Corporation). Retrieved January 21,2014.

5.

Jump up^ Ronda, Rainier Allan (March 31, 2010). "LRT, MRT closed for Holy Week". The
Philippine Star (PhilStar Daily, Inc.). Retrieved August 21, 2014.

6.

Jump up^ Olchondra, Riza T. (May 29, 2009). "MRT-3 rides to go 24 hours starting June
1".Philippine Daily Inquirer (Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inc.). Retrieved May 31, 2009.

7.

Jump up^ Kwok, Abigail (June 3, 2009). "MRT-3 stops 24-hour run". Philippine Daily
Inquirer(Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inc.). Retrieved March 11, 2014.

8.

Jump up^ Camus, Miguel R.; Calleja, Nia P. (February 21, 2014). "DOTC extends MRT-3
operating hours". Philippine Daily Inquirer (Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inc.). RetrievedMarch 11, 2014.

9.

Jump up^ "Light Rail Transit Authority Company History". Light Rail Transit Authority.
RetrievedSeptember 13, 2014.

10.

Jump up^ Macaspac, Joem H.; Garcia, Ma. Luisa M. (March 28, 1996). "First phase of Edsa metro
rail transit system under way". Manila Standard (Kamahalan Publishing Corporation). Retrieved January
21, 2014.

11.

Jump up^ Background, Metro Rail Transit Corporation History, retrieved July 7,
2006 ArchivedJune 26, 2006 at the Wayback Machine

12.

^ Jump up to:a b Construction, Metro Rail Transit Corporation History, retrieved July 7,
2006Archived June 26, 2006 at the Wayback Machine

13.

Jump up^ "Miracle rail project to rid Edsa of jams". New Straits Times (The New Straits Times
Press (M) Bhd.). December 15, 1999. Retrieved January 21, 2014.

14.

Jump up^ "MRT 3 Fully Completed; Inauguration, Turnover Set on July 20". Manila Bulletin(Manila
Bulletin Publishing Corporation). July 16, 2000. Retrieved August 14, 2014 via HighBeam. (subscription
required (help)).

15.

Jump up^ Trinidad, Andrea H. (January 2, 2000). "Metrostar Express proves a big
disappointment". Philippine Daily Inquirer (Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inc.). RetrievedJanuary 21, 2014.

16.

Jump up^ Rivera, Blanche S. (January 13, 2000). "Metro trains on EDSA running almost
empty". Philippine Daily Inquirer (Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inc.). Retrieved January 21,2014.

17.

Jump up^ Katigbak, J.R. (January 8, 2000). "New white elephants in Metro Manila". Philippine
Daily Inquirer (Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inc.). Retrieved January 21, 2014.

18.
19.

Jump up^ "MRT Gets Derailed".

Jump up^ Satre, Gary L. (June 1998). "The Metro Manila LRT SystemA Historical
Perspective" (PDF). Japan Railway and Transport Review 16: 3337. RetrievedAugust 14, 2014.

20.

Jump up^ Ulanday, Abelardo S. (December 9, 2001). "'The best things in life are Libre'".Philippine
Daily Inquirer (Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inc.). Retrieved August 14, 2014.

21.

Jump up^ World Bank (December 2, 2004). "A Tale of Three Cities: Urban Rail Concessions in
Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur and Manila Final Report". Author. p. 17. (Prepared by Halcrow Group Limited).

22.

Jump up^ "Months ago, experts warned MRT was unsafe". ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs.
August 13, 2014. Retrieved August 17, 2014.

Ayalin, Adrian (August 15, 2013). "MRT-3: A history of accidents". Primetime on

ANC. ABS-CBN News Channel.

23.

Jump up^ Hegina, Aries Joseph (August 14, 2014). "Abaya: MRT3 is safe, riding it a personal
decision". Philippine Daily Inquirer (Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inc.). Retrieved August 21,2014.

24.

Jump up^ "Abaya: MRT-3 operating at overcapacity". ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs.
February 27, 2014. Retrieved August 17, 2014.

25.

Jump up^ Amojelar, Darwin G. (August 14, 2014). "DERAILED | 5 things you should know about
MRT3 and the mess it's in". TV5 News and Information. Retrieved August 17, 2014.

26.

Jump up^ Cupin, Bea (August 14, 2014). "Abaya admits MRT-3 upgrade
overdue". Rappler(Rappler, Inc.). Retrieved August 17, 2014.

27.

Jump up^ "MRT-3 adds 2 trains to lessen queuing time". Sun.Star Manila (Sun.Star Publishing,
Inc.). June 26, 2014. Retrieved August 17, 2014.

28.

Jump up^ Manabat, Johnson (December 18, 2013). "MRT enforces new crowd control
scheme".ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs. Retrieved August 17, 2014.

29.

Jump up^ Camus, Miguel R. (May 6, 2014). "All is set for MRT-3 express train run". Philippine
Daily Inquirer (Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inc.). Retrieved August 18, 2014.

30.

Jump up^ Gutierrez, Paul (July 21, 2014). "MRT-3 to have new safety feature". People's
Journal(Philippine Journalists, Inc.). Retrieved August 17, 2014.

31.

Jump up^ Camus, Miguel R. (December 20, 2013). "MRT boss defends crowd control amid
jeering riders". Philippine Daily Inquirer (Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inc.). RetrievedAugust 17, 2014.

32.

^ Jump up to:a b "MRT3 Reminders". Metro Rail Transit Line 3. Metro Rail Transit Corporation.
Retrieved August 17, 2014.

33.

Jump up^ Antiporda, Jefferson (August 10, 2005). "MRT issues directive imposing ban on tin
cans". The Manila Times (Manila Times Publishing Corporation). Archived from the original on August 19,
2006. Retrieved May 19, 2006.

34.

Jump up^ Del Puerto, Luige A.; Quismundo, Tarra V. (November 13, 2004). "New task force
formed to keep LRT, MRT safe". Philippine Daily Inquirer (Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inc.). Archived from the
original on January 4, 2005. Retrieved May 19, 2006.

35.

Jump up^ Araneta, Sandy (October 21, 2005). "DOTC: MRT fare could increase by P10 in
2006". The Philippine Star (PhilStar Daily, Inc.). Retrieved May 19, 2006.

36.

Jump up^ Casanova, Sheryll B. (November 12, 2003). "MRT borrows value tickets from LRT".The
Manila Times (Manila Times Publishing Corporation). Archived from the original on January 5, 2004.
Retrieved May 18, 2006.

37.

Jump up^ Ho, Abigail L.; Batino, Clarissa (August 13, 2005). "MRT 3 cuts tickets, not
fares".Philippine Daily Inquirer (Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inc.). Retrieved September 13, 2014.

38.

Jump up^ Amojelar, Darwin G. (September 21, 2012). "Expect long queues at MRT 3 amid
shortage of tickets - MRTA". TV5 News and Information. Retrieved September 13,2014.

39.

Jump up^ "DOTC earmarks P25M to buy additional MRT-3 tickets". ABS-CBN News and Current
Affairs. July 20, 2014. Retrieved September 13, 2014.

40.

Jump up^ "MRT woes". The Manila Times (Manila Times Publishing Corporation). November 16,
2005. Retrieved July 2, 2006.

41.

Jump up^ Reyes, Mary Ann Ll. (November 17, 2006). "Globe bares G-Pass ticketing for MRT".The
Philippine Star (PhilStar Daily, Inc.). Retrieved September 13, 2014.

42.

Jump up^ Reyes, Mary Ann Ll. (March 31, 2007). "Smart ties up with MetroPass on MRT-3".The
Philippine Star (PhilStar Daily, Inc.). Retrieved September 13, 2014.

43.

Jump up^ Amojelar, Darwin G. (January 29, 2013). "Ayala group to bid for common ticket system
of LRT1, LRT2, MRT3". TV5 News and Information. Retrieved September 23, 2014.

44.

^ Jump up to:a b Serfino, Dennis C. (May 1, 2003). "Metro Star still can't get enough
revenue".Manila Standard (Kamahalan Publishing Corporation). Retrieved April 23, 2014.

45.

^ Jump up to:a b Tuazon, Brenda P. (July 16, 2000). "Estrada Orders MRT Firm to Reduce Metrostar
Fares". Manila Bulletin (Manila Bulletin Publishing Corporation). Retrieved August 14,2014 via
HighBeam. (subscription required (help)).

46.

^ Jump up to:a b Mandri-Perrott, Cledan (2000). Private Sector Participation in Light Rail-Light Metro
Transit Initiatives. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. p. 94. ISBN 0821380850.

47.

^ Jump up to:a b Diokno, Benjamin E. (December 17, 2013). "Folly of government

subsidy".BusinessWorld (BusinessWorld Publishing Corporation). Retrieved April 25, 2014.

48.

Jump up^ Valderrama, Tita C. (February 9, 2014). "Messed up mass transport system". The
Manila Times (Manila Times Publishing Corporation). Archived from the original on April 23, 2014.
Retrieved April 23, 2014.

49.

Jump up^ Agcaoili, Lawrence (December 14, 2013). "DOTC says MRT, LRT fare hike to yield P2B add'l revenues". The Philippine Star (PhilStar Daily, Inc.). Retrieved April 23, 2014.

50.

Jump up^ Casauay, Angela (October 25, 2012). "Visayan solons back P10 MRT fare
hike".Rappler (Rappler, Inc.). Retrieved September 23, 2014.

51.

Jump up^ Aquino III, Benigno S. (July 22, 2013). [English] Benigno S. Aquino III, Fourth State of
the Nation Address, July 22, 2013 (Speech). Quezon City. Retrieved September 23,2014. Each trip that one
passenger makes on the LRT is estimated to cost 40 pesos. What does each passenger pay? 15 pesos.
This means that the government subsidizes the remaining 25 pesos. As for the MRT, the true cost of one
trip is 60 pesos: 15 pesos paid by passengers, 45 pesos by the governmentin the end, each and every
Filipino pays a share of the subsidy. Whether you live in Mindanao or Visayas, and not once have you ever
stepped onto the LRT or MRT, you help to fund this.

52.

Jump up^ Cruz, Neal H. (November 18, 2012). "No improved MRT service, no fare
hike".Philippine Daily Inquirer (Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inc.). Retrieved September 23, 2014.

53.

Jump up^ "MRT stress and Camp John Hay turmoil". The Manila Times (Manila Times Publishing
Corporation). June 21, 2005. Retrieved July 2, 2006.

54.

Jump up^ "About Us - Train Schedules". Metro Rail Transit. Retrieved June 8, 2014.

55.

Jump up^ Amojelar, Darwin G. (January 31, 2014). "DOTC awards LRT-MRT common ticket
project to Ayala-Metro Pacific group". TV5 News and Information. Retrieved February 2,2014.

56.

Jump up^ Camus, Miguel R. (February 2, 2014). "Railway smart card system to go live ahead of
schedule". Philippine Daily Inquirer (Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inc.). RetrievedFebruary 2, 2014.

57.

Jump up^ "SM to appeal award of LRT-MRT ticketing project". ABS-CBN News and Current
Affairs. February 2, 2014. Retrieved February 2, 2014.

58.

Jump up^ Torres, Ted P. (September 21, 2004). "LRT-MRT link is nat'l priority - NEDA".Philippine
Daily Inquirer (Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inc.). Archived from the original on September 25, 2004.
Retrieved May 12, 2006.

59.

Jump up^ "After gov't takeover of NAIA Terminal 3, PGMA orders immediate completion of EDSA
MRT extension" (Press release). Department of Transportation and Communications. January 4, 2005.
Retrieved May 19, 2006.

60.

Jump up^ Tan, Kimberly Jane (November 21, 2013). "NEDA approves MRT 7, LRT-1 extension
projects". GMA News and Public Affairs. Retrieved January 1, 2014.

61.

Jump up^ Lectura, Lenie (September 23, 2013). "DOTC ready to refund SMs P200-M namingrights fee for common station". BusinessMirror (Philippine Business Daily Mirror Publishing, Inc.).
Retrieved January 1, 2014.

62.

Jump up^ Amojelar, Darwin G. (December 28, 2010). "Govt creates team for MRT 3 due
dilligence, sets June takeover". The Manila Times (Manila Times Publishing Corporation). Archived from the
original on December 30, 2010. Retrieved January 15,2011.

63.

Jump up^ "LRTA chief takes over MRT-3". BusinessWorld (BusinessWorld Publishing
Corporation). December 28, 2010. Retrieved January 18, 2011.

64.

Jump up^ Camus, Miguel R. (May 27, 2014). "Vitangcol replaced as head of MRT-3". Philippine
Daily Inquirer (Philippine Daily Inquirer, Inc.). Retrieved May 27, 2014.

External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has
media related to Manila
Metro Rail Transit System.

MRT-3 Official website

DOTC-MRTC Facebook Page

DOTC-MRTC Twitter page

Facebook page of Philippine Railways

Twitter page of Philippine Railways

[show]

Transportation in the Philippines

[show]

List of rail transit stations in Metro Manila

[show]

Urban Rail Transit in Southeast Asia

Categories:
Department of Transportation and Communications (Philippines)

Buildoperatetransfer

Rapid transit in the Philippines

Railway lines opened in 1999

Rail transport in Metro Manila