12/11/14

Load Control - In Commercial Aviation - AviationKnowledge

E
d
i
t
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i
s
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y
c
or
e
.
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ki
do
t
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m Tags So
hu
ar
eeonExpl

si
t
ename

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eat
eacc
ountorSi
gni
n

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omepage
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s

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Load Control - In Commercial Aviation

Si
t
eManager

Knowledge base
Avi
at
i
ont
opi
cs
I
nvest
i
gat
i
on
Lessons/
Ti
ps/
SOPs
(838 active topics)
(17 articles published)

Tools

Anai
r
c
r
af
ti
spr
et
t
ysi
mi
l
art
oacoac
h,bot
hhavepassengerseat
sandr
oom
f
orbaggage.However
,unl
i
keac
oachwec
an
tj
ustboar
danai
r
cr
af
t
,f
i
l
li
twi
t
h
f
uel
,baggageandcar
goandsetof
f
.Essent
i
al
l
yt
hel
oadc
ont
r
olpr
ocess
al
l
owsf
ort
hemaxi
mi
sat
i
onofpayl
oad,al
li
mpor
t
antf
orgener
at
i
ngr
evenue
whi
l
stensur
i
ngt
hatt
heai
r
cr
af
tst
i
l
lt
akesof
f
,f
l
i
esandl
andssaf
el
y.

Four Reasons Why Aircraft Need Loadsheets

How t
oedi
tpages
Met
hods& St
at
i
st
i
c
s

Forum
For
um
[6 active forums]

1.Anai
r
cr
af
tf
i
l
l
edwi
t
hpassenger
s,baggage,car
goandf
uelc
oul
dbet
oo
heavyf
ort
heengi
nest
ol
i
f
ti
tof
ft
hegr
ound.
2.Thebal
anc
eoft
heai
r
cr
af
ti
scr
uci
al
,andt
hel
ocat
i
onoft
hepassenger
s,
baggage,c
ar
goandf
uelwi
l
laf
f
ectt
heai
r
cr
af
tt
r
i
m.
3.Theunder
c
ar
r
i
agecanonl
ysuppor
tac
er
t
ai
namountofwei
ghtonl
andi
ng.
4.Loadi
ngt
oomuchwei
ghti
nt
oapar
t
i
c
ul
arpar
toft
heai
r
c
r
af
tcoul
dcause
damaget
ot
hest
r
uct
ur
e.Whi
l
stt
hi
smi
ghtnotbeevi
dentst
r
ai
ghtawayi
t
coul
doveraper
i
odoft
i
meshor
t
ent
hewor
ki
ngl
i
f
eoft
heai
r
cr
af
t
.

Five Important Aircraft Weights

I
ti
snecessar
yt
ounder
st
andt
hatatdi
f
f
er
entst
agesofl
oadi
nganai
r
cr
af
t
s
wei
ghtwi
l
lal
t
er
.Themaj
or
i
t
yoft
hesewei
ght
sar
ef
i
xedanddonotc
hange
of
t
eni
.
e.t
hebasi
cwei
ghtoft
heai
r
cr
af
t
,al
t
houghot
her
ssuchaspassenger
wei
ght
swi
l
lvar
y.Thet
abl
ebel
ow showst
hecomponent
st
hatmakeupt
he
f
i
vedi
f
f
er
entai
r
c
r
af
twei
ght
s.Theempt
yai
r
cr
af
twei
ghti
sast
ar
t
i
ngpoi
ntf
r
om
whi
chvar
i
ousc
omponent
sar
eaddedpr
ovi
di
ngt
hel
oadcont
r
ol
l
erwi
t
ha
wei
ghtoft
heai
r
cr
af
tateachst
ageofl
oadi
ng.
Dry
Operating
Weight

Operating
Weight

Zero Fuel
Weight

Take-off
Weight

Basi
c
Wei
ght

Cr
ew

Pant
r
y

Basic
Weight
Ai
r
c
r
af
t
Wei
ght

Fi
xed
equi
pment

Takeof
f
Fuel

aviationknowledge.wikidot.com/aviation:load-control

Passenger
s

Baggage

*
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12/11/14

Load Control - In Commercial Aviation - AviationKnowledge

Car
go&
Mai
l

Aircraft Weight
Al
lai
r
c
r
af
tar
ei
ndi
vi
dual
l
ywei
ghedandcommonl
ynot
woai
r
c
r
af
twi
l
lhave
exac
t
l
yt
hesamewei
ght
.Theempt
ywei
ghtofanai
r
cr
af
ti
scal
cul
at
edt
o
i
nc
l
udei
t
sai
r
f
r
ameandengi
nes,f
ul
loi
lt
anksandunusabl
ef
uel
.

Fixed Equipment
Seat
s,gal
l
ey,t
oi
l
et
si
ncl
udi
ngf
ur
ni
shi
ngsandemer
gencyequi
pmentsuc
has
oxygenmasksandbot
t
l
es.Anyt
hi
ngt
hati
sst
andar
dorf
i
t
t
edasanopt
i
onal
ext
r
at
ot
heai
r
cr
af
ti
spar
toft
hi
scal
cul
at
i
on.

Basic Weight
Acombi
nat
i
onoft
heai
r
c
r
af
twei
ghtandal
li
t
sf
i
xedequi
pmentpr
ovi
dest
he
f
oundat
i
onnecessar
yt
oc
al
cul
at
et
hef
ourdi
f
f
er
entst
agesofanai
r
cr
af
t
s
wei
ght
.

Crew
Gener
al
l
yc
ommer
ci
alai
r
cr
af
thaveast
andar
doper
at
i
ngcr
ew compl
i
mentwi
t
h
st
andar
dcr
ew wei
ght
susedf
orl
oadsheet
s.Asanexampl
et
heBombar
di
er
Q300ai
r
c
r
af
thasast
andar
dc
r
ew c
ompl
i
mentof2pi
l
ot
sand1f
l
i
ght
at
t
endant
.However
,t
hi
scanal
t
erf
ort
r
ai
ni
ngorchecki
ngpur
poseswhenan
addi
t
i
onalpi
l
oti
scar
r
i
edont
hej
umpseatoranext
r
af
l
i
ghtat
t
endanti
si
nt
he
cabi
n.Thel
oadc
ont
r
ol
l
ermustadj
ustt
hecr
ew c
ompl
i
mentasi
twi
l
laf
f
ectt
he
wei
ghtandt
r
i
m oft
heai
r
cr
af
t
.

Pantry
Consi
st
i
ngofanyf
ood,dr
i
nk,pr
ovi
si
onsorobj
ec
t
susedf
orser
vi
ci
ng
passenger
sorcr
ew.Anexampl
eofi
t
emsc
over
edi
nt
hepant
r
ycoul
di
nc
l
ude
t
ea,bi
sc
ui
t
s,cof
f
eepot
sandhotwat
er
.Whi
l
sti
ndi
vi
dual
l
yt
hesei
t
emshavea
negl
i
gi
bl
ewei
ght
,whent
heyar
ec
ar
r
i
edi
nbul
ki
twi
l
lnat
ur
al
l
yaddwei
ghtt
o
t
heai
r
c
r
af
ti
nt
ur
naf
f
ec
t
i
ngi
t
st
r
i
m.I
twoul
dbeunf
easi
bl
et
owei
ghever
yi
t
em
ofpant
r
ycar
r
i
edonboar
deac
hf
l
i
ghtt
her
ef
or
east
andar
dwei
ghti
scr
eat
ed
acc
ount
i
ngf
orr
equi
r
edpr
ovi
si
onsperf
l
i
ght
.Thewei
ghtandl
ocat
i
oni
s
r
ecor
dedf
ort
r
i
m pur
posesandabsor
bedi
nt
oc
al
c
ul
at
i
onsf
ort
heoper
at
i
ng
wei
ght
soft
heai
r
cr
af
t
.

Take-Off Fuel
Thi
si
sadi
f
f
er
entf
i
gur
et
ot
hebl
ockf
uelupl
i
f
t
edont
her
amp.Anai
r
cr
af
twi
l
l
bur
nf
uelasi
tst
ar
t
sengi
nesandmovesof
fst
andt
axi
ngt
ot
heendoft
he
r
unway,andl
i
ni
ngupf
ort
akeof
f
.Ther
ef
or
et
heamountoff
uelt
heai
r
cr
af
t
hadpr
i
ort
oengi
nest
ar
twi
l
ldi
f
f
ert
ot
heamounti
nt
anksbef
or
et
akeof
f
.
Subsequent
l
yt
akeof
ff
ueli
sc
al
cul
at
edbydeduct
i
ngt
het
axif
uelf
r
om t
he
bl
oc
kf
uel
.I
ncommer
c
i
all
oadcont
r
olt
het
axif
ueli
susual
l
yast
andar
df
i
gur
e
spec
i
f
i
edbyt
heoper
at
or
.Whi
l
stt
hi
smi
ghtseem i
nconsequent
i
al
,i
nsi
t
uat
i
ons
wher
econgest
i
onordel
aysar
ei
ncur
r
edsuc
hasanai
r
cr
af
toper
at
i
ngoutof
LondonHeat
hr
ow,bl
oc
kf
uelandt
akeof
ff
uelf
i
gur
escoul
ddi
f
f
ergr
eat
l
y.

Passengers
Thet
ot
alwei
ghtofal
lpassenger
sc
ar
r
i
edi
ncl
udi
ngt
hei
rhandbaggage.These
canbeac
t
ualwei
ght
swher
ebyal
lpassenger
sandt
hei
rhandbaggagear
e
physi
c
al
l
ywei
ghedor
,st
andar
dwei
ght
swher
eanai
roper
at
orhasan
aviationknowledge.wikidot.com/aviation:load-control

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12/11/14

Load Control - In Commercial Aviation - AviationKnowledge

est
abl
i
shedanddocument
edmet
hodandcal
cul
at
i
oni
nt
hei
rai
roper
at
or

s
exposi
t
i
on.

Baggage
Thet
ot
alwei
ghtofal
lbaggagecar
r
i
edonboar
dt
heai
r
cr
af
t
,ei
t
heract
ual
wei
ght
sc
al
c
ul
at
edbyphysi
cal
l
ywei
ghi
ngbaggageor
,st
andar
dwei
ght
st
hat
anai
roper
at
orhasest
abl
i
shedanddoc
ument
edi
nt
hei
rai
roper
at
or

s
exposi
t
i
on.

Cargo & Mail

Thet
ot
alandact
ualphysi
calwei
ghtofal
lc
ar
goandmai
lc
ar
r
i
edonboar
dt
he
ai
r
c
r
af
t
.

Standard Weights for Passengers, Crew and Baggage

Lear
nmor
eaboutst
andar
dwei
ght
sf
or
passenger
sc
r
ewandbaggage

Different Fuel Weights for Load Control

Ther
ear
eanumberofdi
f
f
er
entf
uelc
al
c
ul
at
i
onsusedonal
oadsheetr
el
at
i
ng
t
ot
hevar
i
ousst
agesoff
l
i
ght
.Thi
sr
ecogni
sesf
uelasac
onsumabl
ei
t
em wi
t
h
anai
r
c
r
af
tonl
andi
ngcar
r
yi
ngl
essf
uelt
hanont
akeof
f
.Fueli
sac
r
uc
i
al
componentofal
oadsheetwi
t
hi
t
swei
ghtandl
oc
at
i
onaf
f
ect
i
nganai
r
c
r
af
t
s
t
r
i
m andover
al
lwei
ght
.

Block Fuel
Al
lf
uelupl
oadedont
ot
heai
r
cr
af
tbef
or
ei
thasmovedanywher
e.

Taxi Fuel
Theamountoff
uelanai
r
c
r
af
tbur
nsget
t
i
ngt
ot
her
unwayr
eadyf
ort
akeof
f
.

Take Off Fuel

Bl
oc
kf
uelmi
nust
het
axif
uel
.

Trip Fuel
Theact
ualf
uelr
equi
r
edf
r
om t
het
akeof
ft
ot
hel
andi
ng.

Maximum Aircraft Weights

Ai
r
l
i
neshavewei
ghtandbal
anc
emanual
sst
i
pul
at
i
ngwei
ght
sf
ort
hei
r
companyai
r
c
r
af
tt
hatal
soi
ncl
udemaxi
mum ai
r
cr
af
twei
ght
s.Thesei
ndi
c
at
e
t
hemaxi
mum wei
ghtatvar
yi
ngst
agest
hatanai
r
cr
af
tcanbel
oadedt
o.When
oper
at
i
ngcondi
t
i
ons,i
ncl
udi
ngt
heweat
herar
eper
f
ec
tt
hesemaxi
mum
wei
ght
sar
eused.However
,shoul
dt
hecondi
t
i
onsdet
er
i
or
at
et
hent
hese
f
i
gur
esmayber
est
r
i
ct
ed.Anexampl
ewoul
dbeawetr
unwayont
akeof
f
,
essent
i
al
l
yt
heai
r
cr
af
twoul
dbec
omer
est
r
i
c
t
edont
akeof
fwi
t
haRTOW t
hat
woul
dbel
owert
hant
heMTOW.
Maxi
mum zer
of
uelwei
ght(
MZFW)
Maxi
mum t
akeof
fwei
ght(
MTOW)
Maxi
mum l
andi
ngwei
ght(
MLDW)
I
ti
st
hel
oadcont
r
ol
l
er

sr
esponsi
bi
l
i
t
yt
odet
er
mi
net
hel
owestmaxi
mum
wei
ghtgover
ni
ngandr
est
r
i
c
t
i
ngt
hel
oadsheetbymaki
ngt
hef
ol
l
owi
ngsi
mpl
e
cal
cul
at
i
onswhi
c
hensur
est
heai
r
cr
af
t
sst
r
uct
ur
eandai
r
wor
t
hi
ness
aviationknowledge.wikidot.com/aviation:load-control

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12/11/14

Load Control - In Commercial Aviation - AviationKnowledge

r
equi
r
ement
sar
enotexceeded:
MZFW + Takeof
ff
uel
MTOW (
I
ncl
udest
akeof
ff
uel
)
MLDW + Tr
i
pFuel
Af
t
ert
heabovecal
cul
at
i
onshavebeenmadet
hel
owestmaxi
mum wei
ghtwi
l
l
gover
nandr
est
r
i
c
tt
hel
oadsheet
.Usi
ngei
t
herMZFW,MTOW orMLDW t
he
oper
at
i
ngwei
ghti
ssubt
r
ac
t
edpr
ovi
di
ngt
hepayl
oad(
al
l
owedt
r
af
f
i
cl
oad)
whi
chi
ndi
cat
eshow muc
haddi
t
i
onalwei
ghtc
anbel
oadedont
ot
heai
r
c
r
af
t
.
I
nt
er
est
i
ngl
ysomeai
r
cr
af
thavehi
gherper
mi
t
t
edwei
ght
sf
ort
akeof
ft
han
l
andi
ng.

How Much Can The Aircraft Carry?

Total Traffic Load
Tot
alwei
ghtofal
lpassenger
s,baggage,car
goandmai
l
.

Payload (Allowed Traffic Load)

How muc
hwei
ghtc
oul
dbecar
r
i
ed.

Underload
Deduc
t
i
ngt
het
ot
alt
r
af
f
i
cl
oadf
r
om t
heal
l
owedt
r
af
f
i
cl
oadpr
ovi
desan
under
l
oad,t
hi
si
ndi
cat
eshow muchwei
ghti
sst
i
l
lavai
l
abl
et
ocar
r
yanyt
hi
ng.
I
fyouhaveanext
r
apassenger
swi
shi
ngt
ot
r
avelt
hatr
equi
r
esal
at
e
manualc
hange(
LMC)t
ot
hel
oadsheet
,youwi
l
lknow i
fyouhavet
he
wei
ghtavai
l
abl
et
oacceptt
hem f
orcar
r
i
agebyl
ooki
ngatyour
under
l
oad.

Balancing The Aircraft - Indexes

Onc
et
hewei
ght
shavebeenc
al
c
ul
at
edont
hel
oadsheett
hi
si
nf
or
mat
i
oni
s
t
hent
r
ansf
er
r
edt
oabal
ancechar
tt
oassesst
heai
r
cr
af
t
sc
ent
r
eofgr
avi
t
y.
Essent
i
al
l
yi
ft
hel
oadi
swi
t
hi
nc
er
t
ai
nl
i
mi
t
at
i
onsi
tcanbet
r
i
mmedi
nf
l
i
ghtby
t
hehor
i
zont
alst
abi
l
i
ser
.However
,f
r
equentl
oadcont
r
oler
r
or
smeant
he
ai
r
c
r
af
ti
st
r
i
mmedei
t
hert
oonoseort
oot
ai
lheavy.Thi
scanbecor
r
ect
edby
r
el
oc
at
i
ngt
hel
oadt
hr
oughc
hangi
ngpassengerseatal
l
oc
at
i
ons,al
bei
tmor
e
commoni
nt
ur
bopr
opai
r
c
r
af
t
,orr
eassi
gni
ngt
hebaggage,car
go,mai
lt
o
di
f
f
er
enthol
ds.

Centre of Gravity (CG)

Thec
ent
r
albal
anc
epoi
ntofanai
r
cr
af
t
.

Basic Index (BI)

Af
i
xedpoi
ntonanumer
i
c
alsc
al
er
epr
esent
i
ngt
hecent
r
albal
anc
epoi
ntoft
he
ai
r
c
r
af
t
,t
hi
si
nc
l
udesf
ur
ni
shi
ngsandf
i
xedequi
pment
.

Dry Operating Index (DOI)

Thef
i
xedpoi
ntonanumer
i
calscal
er
epr
esent
i
ngt
hebal
ancepoi
ntoft
he
empt
yai
r
c
r
af
t
,t
hi
si
nc
l
udesc
r
ew andc
at
er
i
ng.

Supporting Paperwork For The Loadsheet

Whi
l
stt
het
er
mswi
l
lvar
ysl
i
ght
l
ybet
weenai
r
l
i
neoper
at
orandcount
r
y,t
hese
ar
eessent
i
al
l
yst
andar
dandi
nt
er
nat
i
onal
l
yaccept
edsuppor
t
i
ngdocument
st
o
aviationknowledge.wikidot.com/aviation:load-control

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Load Control - In Commercial Aviation - AviationKnowledge

al
oadsheet
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Special Load Notification To Captain (NOTOC)

Adanger
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Li
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Per
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Loading Instruction Report (LIR) or Load Plan (LP)

Thepur
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.The
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Contributors to this page

Authors / Editors
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l

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on:30,l
astedi
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ed:19 Aug 2011,05:
55 (1237 daysago)

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