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Smart Antenna Based Ds-Cdma System Design For Third Generation Mobile Communication A. Kundu
Smart Antenna Based Ds-Cdma System Design For Third Generation Mobile Communication A. Kundu
Smart Antenna Based Ds-Cdma System Design For Third Generation Mobile Communication A. Kundu
4, 6780, 2008
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Kundu et al.
1. INTRODUCTION
The use of an antenna array adds an extra dimension and makes the
utilization of spatial diversity possible. This is due to the fact that the
interferers rarely have the same geographical location as the user, and
therefore they are spatially separated. Dierent from Omni-directional
antenna system and sectored antenna system, adaptive antenna array
system referred in Fig. 1, combine an antenna array and a digital signal
processor to receive and transmit signals in a directional manner. Thus
the beampattern at the base station can be adaptively changed. The
beamformer has to satisfy two requirements. 1. Steering capability
whereby the desired signal is always having found the maximum gain.
2. The eect of sources of interferences is minimized [4, 68]. An
improvement in the system capacity in a multipath environment can
be achieved by combining a set of beamformer & a RAKE combiner.
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(2)
(3)
where
(4)
N2
v H n ()v
(5)
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20
dB
10
-10
-1
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-1
/
Figure 4. Optimum beampattern autoregressive interference in the
absence of white noise when = 0.6.
Fig. 4 illustrates the case when multiple plane waves desired signals
are present. Array generates multiple beams to maintain the link.
Fig. 5 indicates normalized array gain of MVDR Beamformer in the
presence of mismatch when single plane wave interferer is present with
INR=10 dB.
3.2. DOA estimation:
MUSIC algorithm estimate direction-of-arrival (DOA) of a user.
However, the MUSIC spatial spectrum does not estimate the signal
power associated with each arrival angle and MUSIC fails when
impinging signals are highly correlated. We present max Eigen
value algorithm which has performances of the peak of spectrum
corresponding directly with main signal, good ability of resisting
multipaths and lower computational complexity. Fig. 6 shows the array
estimated the desired signals coming from 30 & 60 respectively.
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1
A m vdr /A o ( v m )
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
-0.1
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
ua
D
i=1
Ni ()v
and Snc () =
D
D
Sni nj ()vv H
(6)
i=1 j=1
(7)
75
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
-35
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
We have
W0H = vsH Sn1 =
N VsH
H
SI oc
2
N
(8)
(9)
where
Hoc
1
SI H
SI H
= I + 2 vI vI
v
2 I
(10)
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W1H ()
; suppressing the dependence the distortion less criterion
WDH ()
implies W1H vF = F1 ; W2H vF = F2 ; and WDH vF = FD . These set of
equations must be satised for arbitrary F , it places D constrains on
each Wi . This implied W1H v1 = 1; W1H v2 = 0 and simultaneously
W1H vD = 0. For ith beamformer W1H vj = ij where . . . , i, j =
1, . . . , D. Therefore, the ith beamformer is distortion less with respect
to the ith signal and put a perfect null of the other D-1 signals. The
2 = W H S W . We would try to
output noise of the ith beamformer ni
n i
i
2 subject to D constrainon W .
minimize ni
i
Dene,
Gi =
WiH Sn Wi
D
ij
WiH vi
ij +
j=1
D
ij viH wi ij
(11)
j=1
WiH
ij vjH Sn1
(12)
(13)
(14)
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Interference Power 10 dB
20
Conventional
MVDR
NUll Steering
10
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-1
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
-15
-20
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
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6. CONCLUSION
We have simulated a multipath environment, taken that the mobile
unit move at a distance of 50 to 100 meter away from test bed and
round by center of test bed. Here we have taken two user, user1 as
example with 0 dB power at angle 30 (DOA) and user2 with 6 dB of
power and having DOA 60 respectively. By our smart antenna test
bed at experimental locale it can be seen the MUSIC algorithm can
estimate consistently with desirable result. After estimation of DOAs
of dierent signals, may be fed to beamforming network. Fig. 5 shows
the MVDR Beamformer average gain. Two simulated beampattern of
antenna array indicate that the array is capable of steering the beam
in the direction of the users whereby creates null in the direction of
interferer.
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