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TimesHistory01 00 PDF
mmt^
i&iKtor^
of
The War
in
South Africa
1899-1900
StRViCtS
Kditcd
by
L.
S.
Amery
Portraits,
Fo/. I.
LONDON
Sampson Low.
1900
Ct)e
Cimes
g)istorg
of
The War
in
South Africa
this loork by
Hisied,
Baker Street,
DT
V.I
LONDON:
PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS,
STAMFOBD STREET AND CHARINa CBOSS.
Limited,
PREFACE
In the present volume
up
in South Africa, of
African War.
No
rebellion in
Cape
annexation of then-
teiritories,
are
all
and the
fact that
This,
all
the
this introductory
volume
to the series of
it is
impossible altogether,
from the
Absolute
political
ambitions
is
PREFACE
VI
to it
might
Eing and the Book,' the subject would be treated from the
great drama.
own
by the
and
is
morally, justifiable.
politically
no doubt, a Boer
is,
memory
on peculiar
social
and
But
political ideals,
it is
and
side to the
of old
on a
farit is
the
Imperial Government.
account, in so far as
it
To
that
side
the
present
There
is,
the "
pseudo-Boer
is
entirely incompatible.
pro-Boer "
" or "
view
That
a view begotten
set of facts,
It
is
England.
it
Government
Those to
whom
facts,
nationalism
be on the side of
is all
in
all,
who hold
development
an
own,
is
means taken
for its
PREFACE
attainment
will
naturally tend
Vll
to
Afrikander Eepublics.
It is
upon
been based.
It is a
journalists, politicians,
and
the present day tried to plead the Boer cause to the British
It is
fictitious case.
who
Tliose
have studied the Boers* own views, as expressed in their conversation, their l*ress,
but
and
feel
policy.
who
rugged old man, the Hannibal of the Afrikander race, withhold from him a strong sense of admiration and of pity for the
who has
Britain
But no one
failure.
was
was
to preserve unaltered
of
London.
part
of Chapter
Imperial
The greater
Government with
is
the
Transvaal
in
the
years
PREFACE
Vlll
remain anonymous.
to
movement
the
in Johannesburg which
Imperial intervention, I
who was
penny,
at the
have to thank
For the
advice.
indebted to Mr.
W.
F.
Mony-
For the
rest
am
describes
immediately led to
many kind
friends
my
chief sources
and more
writings,
and
help
their
for
on the History
of the
Cloete,
High Commissioner
for
'Austral
For
Africa.'
the
period
of
the
Carter's
F.
'Narrative of
the
Memoirs, the
Jorissen's
interest as
last
a work of
exceptional
policy,
Town
specially refer
lieitz's
'
to,
The works
would
J. F.
van Oordt, entitled Paul Kruger, and the Rise of the South
'
African Republic' *
contain
many
Jacques Dusseau
&
Co.,
official
soui'ces,
1898.
PliEFACE
appeared elsewhere, but
gives
lie
by
IX
far the clearest
and most
]Mr.
what
Mr.
J. G. Fraser, of Bloemfontein,
was enabled
for the
are also
due
is
its
sequels, I
'
must acknowledge
many
my
W.
my
My
for
by whose kindness
reading through
and
largely indebted
Eaid and
work which
am
to
held in 1887.
and
case.
thanks
Frank
pix)of-sheets dealing
with
For the
valuable suggestions.
this period,
many
letters
own
language,
summer
many
of
which
making use of
of 1899,
use.
Special prominence
who
in
many
respects were
bound
to
it
by the strongest
Boer " theses that were at the time so actively put forward
fREFACE
X
by a
certain
England.
section of
politicians
last three
weeks preceding
tember 24 to October
at
13.
L. S.
London, November
9.
my own
AMEKY
"
CONTENTS
CHAPTER
I.
INTEODUCTOBY.
.....
.....
Political
8
9
9
10
....
....
.
11
waged on behalf
3
4
Pro-Boers
12
14
14
of aggression
16
of capitalists
18
19
20
20
No
22
....
compromise possible
real
.....
CHAPTER
17
21
II.
....
........
Cape
of
CONTENTS
Xll
fAGB
Characteristics of the
Dutch
colonists.
rule
25,
......
Emancipation
The
1820.
of slaves in
Kaffir border.
Th^ English
1,
1838)
settlers
........
....
.......
1845.
1847.
........
......
Napier policy
Proclamation of the Orange River Sovereignty (Feb. 3)
Republican hostility. Capitulation of Bloemfontein. Sir H.
Smith routs the Boers at Boomplaatz (August 29)
Progress of the new colony
1852.
The Sand River Convention (January 17)
1854.
The Bloemfontein Convention. Establishment of the
Orange Free State. The British flag lowered (March 11).
1848,
.....
........
....
British
.....
.......
.....
....
Resignation of Pretorius
Boer degeneration.
Afrilcander ideals
26
XUl
CONTEXTS
CHAPTER
THE ANNEXATION AND
III.
ITS BETEBSAL.
PAeS
1872.
...
...
...
Attempts at reform
(.July).
Lydenburg and Barberton gold discoveries (1869)
The SUculiuni War. A bankrupt State. Intrigues of the
1876.
Kruger party. Pro-annexation movement
British colonial policy change in public opinion
Lord Camarxon and South African confederation. Sir T. Shep-
.....
1877.
.........
campaign
April 12, 1877.
stone.
!Mr.
51
52
53
53
54
67
....
First deputation to
England
....
agitation
Bltmders of the
51
Home Government
1878.
1879.
Battle of Isandhlwana
London
...
58
58
59
60
61
62
62
63
63
63
64
64
64
65
.65
.65
.
66
.....
68
68
....
The pretence
Lobengula
.........
71
CONTENTS
XIV
CHAPTER
IV.
.....
......
......
....
........
......
.......
......
........
The Boers
to th3 Transvaal
.....
......
....
its
85
86
86
87
87
87
88
89
90
91
92
........
.
.......
.......
.
94
31).
....
....
78
78
79
80
82
83
83
84
.....93
Kruger in debate
Proposed secret treaty rejected by the Free State Volksraad
Conference at Bloemfontein (October 6-22)
President Brand suggests a Federal Union
Kruger's evasions. Failure of the negotiations
1889, Confiscation of the Delagoa Bay Railway by Portugal
Customs Union between Free State and Cape Colony
treaty
78
exclusive-
The Potchefstroom
75
dis-
....
...
loyalty (1884-5)
73
74
95
99
99
100
101
102
102
102
108
XV
CONTENTS
.....
....
.....
CHAPTER
PACK
103
104
iccess to sea
105
106
V.
....
107
108
108
The
Selati
Railway case.
Uitlander impotence
tarifTs and the cost of living
Native labour and the liquor traffic.
Hostile
111
112
113
114
115
118
119
119
120
122
124
125
126
127
Police corruption
109
110
Uitlander biurdens
1893-8.
Military expenditure
.
Official salaries
CHAPTER
THE INTERNAL STRCOGLE
128
128
129
129
VI.
IN
THE TRANSYAAI-
1887-95.
1888-93.
......
Alarm
131
.131
.
of the President
132
132
133
CONTENTS
XVI
PAGE
1889.
Progressive protests
......
..........
1892.
1892-3.
His re-election
war averted by Joubert's hesitation
The commandeering crisis, Uitlanders petition Great
Britain
Sir
H. Loch
claim
Civil
..........
.........
.......
....
.........
....
visits Pretoria.
a failure
Boer views
1895.
Brown
The
The
136
136
138
140
lost opportunity
1895.
134
as President.
1894.
133
.....
Transvaal armaments
capitalists and the popular cause
CHAPTER
142
142
143
144
145
The
case
policy of force.
141
146
147
148
VII.
.....
.......
....
.........
....
149
150
151
152
Intrigues with
Germany
July, 1895.
policy
Change
of Ministry in
"......
...
....
....
....
.....
.......
and delays
161
162
163
Raid
....
155
158
158
159
160
The
153
154
165
surrenders at
,
.166
Xvu
CONTENTS
PACK
".......
.......-
....
.........
.
167
168
169
Mr. Chamberlain's
conduct
January 3. The German Emperor's telegram
Uitlanders induced
Sir H. Robinson visits Pretoria (January 4).
to submit
Arrest of the Reform Committee (January 9 and 10)
Mr. Chamberlain and the redress of Uitlander grievances
Disastrous efifects of Sir H. Robinson's weakness
Trial and sentence of the Reform leaders (April)
.
I'J^O
172
173
173
173
176
179
CHAPTER VIIL
THREE TEABS OF CONTBOTEBSY.
Kruger's opportunity. The projected >isit to England
Kruger demands the supersession of the London Convention
Home
Rule
for the
Rand
183
Strained relations.
ment.
...
Transvaal aggressiveness
.....
.....
posed
.......
The
Bond
186
186
187
Disloyal agitation.
Weakness
of
190
leaders
.....
183
184
186
186
insecure position
(1896)
Hatred
180
182
191
....
193
194
195
195
.......
.
196
198
199
204
aONTENTS
XVlll
.....
.......
tAGt!
205
205
....
207
209
3,
1898)
High Commissioner
Cape
politics.
Mr. Schreiner succeeds Sir G. Sprigs
Mistakes of the Afrikander leaders
Composition of the new Ministry
Sir A. Milner visits England (November, 1898)
Sir W. Butler and the Uitlander agitation
......
.
....
Dutch
CHAPTER
1896-9.
.....
Commission (1897)
Johannesburg municipality (September, 1897)
Diamond JubUee celebration at Johannesburg
The South African League
1898.
Cape Boy grievances. Sir W. Butler attacks the League
(December)
Dr. Leyds' mission to Europe
....
.......
.
.......
The
1898-9.
(December
213
213
.215
Industrial
New
212
.212
IN JOHANNESBURG.
on the Uitlanders
(February, 1897)
The
IX.
loyalty
210-
.211
18, 1898)
24).
216
217
217
218
218
219
219
220
220
.223
Webb
Arrest of Messrs.
and Dodd
Amphitheatre meeting broken up by the Boers (January 14, 1899)
The Uitlander petition to the Queen (March 24)
Feeling in Johannesburg as to the policy of the petitioners.
Elements of opposition vested " pro-Boer " interests.
The dynamite question Transvaal Government approaches the
leaders of the mining industry (February 27, 1899)
Reply of the mining representatives. The Franchise Memorandum (March 27)
EJruger's disappointment
disavowal of the negotiations (April)
Kruger's speeches
Effect on the public.
The mine meetings. Petition and franchise movements coalesce
Johannesburg and the Bloemfontein Conference
Meeting in the Wanderers' Hall (June 10). Formation of the
228
223
224
....
242
243
233
235
.....
.
Uitlander Council
crisis
237
239
240
241
242
CONTENTS
CHAPTER
XIX
X.
The
.....
.....
....
......
......
........
.....
policy of non-intervention.
244
245
246
251
253
257
257
His telegram
The plea
May
of
4.
for intervention
The
Its frankness
Grounds
for delay.
inter-state conference
An
Afriksmder idea
scheme
2.'j8
2.'9
259
260
261
262
262
263
.264
....
.
The Cape
Abraham
Fischer.
........
..........
.......
.........
........
........
Afrikanders.
Sir
H. de
Villiers' letter
ineffectual efforts of
objects
.267
his
parations
The coimter-petition
The franchise " worse than annexation
.
"
scheme
Third day.
Reply
of
Sir A.
Milner.
Swaziland.
.....
The Raid
....
....
.
End
of the
Conference (Jime
5)
270
272
272
274
275
276
indemnity-.
Arbitration
Sir A. Milner insists
267
268
269
.271
.271
Kruger's evasiveness
Sir A. Mibaer's
265
266
277
278
279
280
280
281
281
CONTENTS
XX
PAO>
282
W. Wessels
Cape Town deputation to
Views
of
Mr.
J.
283
285
Sir A. Milner
CHAPTER
XI.
AFRIKANDER MEDIATION.
British
.........
Government
sympathizers
Kniger's
first
proposal.
17)
.......
Afrikanders to intervene
....
....
chievous policy
......
......
........
.....
.....
........
25)
Commons
.........
.........
.......
(July 27)
.....
........
H. de
Villiers' letters
286
287
288
289
289
291
292
292
294
294
296
297
298
299
293
300
301
301
303
303
304
305
306
307
307
308
309
309
311
CONTENTS
XXI
.........
PACK
.....
.
.....
.
CHAPTER Xn.
THK BBOINNIKG OF THB KND.
Kruger decides to make an alternative proposal
Mr. Smuts approaches Mr. Greene (August 12)
Mr. Smuts' summary of the conversation
The conversation of August 13. Mr. Smuts' memorandum.
Five years' franchise. Mr. Smuts' further admissions
The Trans\-aal's formal proposal of August 19
The proposal revoked by the substitution of a " Kaffir bargain "
(August 21)
Sir A. Milner's despatch of August 23.
Its criticisms justified
Mr. Chamberlain asks that Mr. Smuts' sidmissions be formally
agreed to. The charge of breach of faith
Kruger determined to make no further concessions
Mr. Chamberlain's Highbury speech (August 26)
The despatch of August 28. A qualified acceptance
The policy of defiance. Arrest of Johannesbui^ editors (September 1)
Mr. Fischer intervenes. Transvaal despatch of September 2
Volksraad debate on movements of British troops
Alarm of Cape Ministry. Bfr. Hofmeyr's view of Sir A. Milner's
.
324
326
327
329
321
322
328
....
.
330
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
policy
....
339
339
341
342
343
344
.........
....
CONTENTS
XXll
PAGE
Laws
.....
....
flat
refusal.
.......
.......
.......
....
.
....
Milner's criticism
.....
H. de
Villiers to
.....
......
proposal.
inevitable ?
of
form
351
353
353
3.54
358
360
360
362
363
365
365
366
367
371
Was war
346
348
348
350
351
368
370
370
344
Dis-
19)
372
373
373
374
374
376
377
378
379
881
885
385
886
389
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Rembrandt Phofogravure
Plates.
.....
Frontupiece.
To face page
SiE
Benjamin
D'Urban,
Sib
Habby Smith,
Sib
Geobge
Sib
Keugeb
24
in 1867
Owen Lanyon,
62
zaal.)
Mb. Kbugeb
Db. L.
S.
98
........
Pbesident ELbcgeb.
in 1881
(From
in 1890
Jameson
C. J.
Rhodes
Db.
J.
Sm
Alfbed Milneb
Pbesident Steyn
De
134
174
212
236
252
274
118
192
W. Leyds
Baud-
150
78
VilliK.s
and Me.
J.
H. Hofmeyb
294
3U
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
XXIV
To face page
Sir
W. Conyngham Greene
332
Boer Generals
in
the
War
(1899)
of 1881
352
372
Half-tone Reproductions.
...
.
42
52
is
I.
The Medallion on this Volume is from one made by Mr. Emil Fuchs
for Her Majesty the Queen, by whose gracious permission it
is
reproduced.