MINI DRILL-MOTOR SPEED CONTROL

PREPARED BY :
MUHAMMAD AFIF BIN HASHIRUDIN

01DEM12F1002

HAIRULLAH BIN MOHD TAUHID

01DEM12F1003

MOHAMAD ZULHILMY BIN MOHD GHAZALY

01DEM12F1009

DEPARTMENT ; MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

CHECKED BY ; EN AZMI BIN IBRAHIM

EN TAN POH CHUAR

DATE SUBMITTED : 20/1/2015

SIGNATURE ;

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

CONTENTS
CONTENTS
LEARNING OUTCOMES
APPARATUS
SAFETY AND HEALTH
THEORY
PROCEDURES
RESULT
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
REFERENCE

PAGES

1.0 LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of this experiments, students should be able :
1.1 Learn how to built a DC motor controller circuit.
1.2 Know the function SCR.
1.3 Troubleshoot the circuit of DC motor controller.
1.4 Understand how the circuit functioning.
2.0 EQUIPMENT / APPARATUS
SCR1_SCR-C106D

Resistor = 8.2K and 1K

Capacitor = 0.01 (103) and 4.7 uF

Diode = 4002

 Variable Resistor = 4.7 K and 50 K

3.0 SAFETY AND HEALTH

i.
Free access to the workshop areas is restricted to authorised personnel only. No other
person may enter the workshop without permission.
ii.
Safety equipment is provided and must be used where necessary.
iii.
Work on equipment where there is a risk of electric shock may only be carried out when
at least two people are present in the workshop area.
iv. No equipment may be used if it is damaged or defective. Such equipment should be
clearly labelled and defects reported to the person in charge of the workshop.
v. No tools or equipment may be removed from the workshop without the authority of the
person in charge of the workshop. Any item removed must be recorded in the book which
is kept for this purpose.
vi.
A clear route through the workshop must be maintained at all times.
vii.
Smoking, eating and drinking in the workshop areas are strictly prohibited.

4.0 THEORY

A silicon-controlled rectifier (or semiconductor-controlled rectifier) is a four-layer solid state

current controlling device. The name "silicon controlled rectifier" is General Electric's trade
name for a type of thyristor. The Silicon Control Rectifier (SCR) consists of four layers of
semiconductors, which form NPNP or PNPN structures. It has three junctions, labeled J1, J2, and
J3 and three terminals. The anode terminal of an SCR is connected to the P-Type material of a
PNPN structure, and the cathode terminal is connected to the N-Type layer, while the gate of the
Silicon Control Rectifier SCR is connected to the P-Type material nearest to the cathode.
An SCR consists of four layers of alternating P and N type semiconductor materials. Silicon is
used as the intrinsic semiconductor, to which the proper dopants are added. The junctions are
either diffused or alloyed. The planar construction is used for low power SCRs (and all the
junctions are diffused). The mesa type construction is used for high power SCRs. In this case,
junction J2 is obtained by the diffusion method and then the outer two layers are alloyed to it,
since the PNPN pellet is required to handle large currents. It is properly braced with tungsten or
molybdenum plates to provide greater mechanical strength. One of these plates is hard soldered
to a copper stud, which is threaded for attachment of heat sink. The doping of PNPN will depend
on the application of SCR, since its characteristics are similar to those of the thyratron. Today,
the term thyristor applies to the larger family of multilayer devices that exhibit bistable statechange behaviour, that is, switching either ON or OFF.
The operation of a SCR and other thyristors can be understood in terms of a pair of tightly
coupled bipolar junction transistors, arranged to cause the self-latching action:

There are three modes of operation for an SCR depending upon the biasing given to it:
i.
ii.
iii.

Forward blocking mode (off state)

Forward conduction mode (on state)
Reverse blocking mode (off state)

5.0 PROCEDURES

5.1

The polarity of SCR,Diode,Capacitor,Variable resistor were determine by using

multimeter in accordance to their respective datasheet.

5.2

The positive and ground of the circuit were determined.

5.3

All the component were place in their position in accordance to the circuit.

5.4

All the component were soldered.

5.5

The circuit were re-checked before testing.

6.0 RESULTS
As a results, when the circuit was tested the circuit not functioning. So after troubleshoot the
circuit we found that some short circuit happen and after counter measure we overcome the
problem. Next, when we test the cicuit the dc motor was not functioning. So we change the
motor with the new one. After troubleshooting the problem that we have the problem have
been solved. The results is motor was able to rotate and its speed able to be controlled by
pontentiometer as it should accordance to its function.
7.0 DISCUSSION
While doing this circuit, there some problem that appears but we manage to handle it. The
problems such as wrong polarity of components make us more careful during soldering. This
because if we wrong while soldering we need to suck using sucker and resoldering and that
make the component overheat and can cause the components damage. So we need to check
the datasheet of components before soldering. Another problem that we encountered is the tin
is not melted perfectly so the components not stick together with the board. As the
countermeasure, after soldering we check the components whether it stick perfectly or not.

8.0 CONCLUSION
Based on our experiment we had learnt how to built a DC motor controller circuit. Next, we
also know how the function of SCR and it uses. We also know how to troubleshoot the circuit
of DC motor controller. Lastly, we also understand how the circuit functioning.

In the end of the experiment, we get know how the dc motor based on the circuit that we
have been made. The motor was running and its speed was controlled by using variable
controller (potentiometer) .We have successfully completed the step to completed the
experiment with the help of lecturer and our group member and also some research from the
books and internet.

9.0 REFFERENCES
Internet :

http://www.eleccircuit.com/sound-scr-swith-by-ic-1458-scr-c106d/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon-controlled_rectifier

Books :

Getting Started in Electronics by Forrest.M.Mims

Make Electronics Learning by Discovery by Charles Platt
All New Electronics Self Teaching Guide by Harry Kybett & Earl Boysen