Chemistry

Lecture 10
Acid & Base
M. Adam Adman

Objec=ves:

Proper=es
Deni=ons
Strong vs. weak acids/bases
Titra=ons

Acid & Base

hLp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DQk7f6DksN8

hLp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tNvP3-174_M

hLp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VX6fazASd7w

acids
Produce H+ (as H3O+) ions in water (the
hydronium ion is a hydrogen ion aLached to a
water molecule)
Taste sour





Corrode metals
Electrolytes



React with bases to form a salt and water
pH is less than 7
Turns blue litmus paper to red Blue to Red A-
CID

Base

Produce OH- ions in water

Taste biLer, chalky
Are electrolytes
Feel soapy, slippery
React with acids to form salts and water
pH greater than 7
Turns red litmus paper to blue Basic Blue

Deni=ons:
Deni=on #1: Arrhenius (tradi=onal)
Acids produce H+ ions (or hydronium ions
H3O+)
Bases produce OH- ions

 Deni=on #2: Brnsted Lowry

Acids proton donor
Bases proton acceptor

 Deni&on #3 Lewis

Lewis acid - a substance that accepts an
electron pair

Lewis base - a substance that donates an
electron pair

Strong vs. Weak

The strength of an acid (or base) is
determined by the amount of IONIZATION.

Strong acids
Hydrochloric acid, HCL
Nitric acid, HNO3
Sulfuric acid, H2SO4

Weak acids
Weak acids are much less than 100% ionized
in water.
Ex: ace=c acid = CH3CO2H

Strong base
} 100% dissociated in water.

NaOH (aq) ---> Na+ (aq) + OH- (aq)

Other Ex:
KOH
Ca(OH)2

Weak base
Less than 100% ionized in water
Ex: Ammonia

ACID-BASE REACTIONS
Titrations
H2C2O4(aq) + 2 NaOH(aq) --->
acid base


Na2C2O4(aq) + 2 H2O(liq)
Carry out this reac=on using a TITRATION.

Oxalic acid,

H2C2O4

Setup for =tra=ng an acid with a base

Titra=on
1. Add solu=on from the buret.
2. Reagent (base) reacts with
compound (acid) in solu=on in
the ask.
3. Indicator shows when exact
stoichiometric reac=on has
occurred. (Acid = Base)

This is called NEUTRALIZATION.

Reference:
Raymond Chang. General Chemistry-the
essen=al concepts, 5th ed., McGraw-Hill.

Tutorial 10
Please give 1 example:
Strong acid
Weak acid
Strong base
Weak base