Faa G 8082 7i

FAA-G-8082-7
FLIGHT AND GROUND INSTRUCTOR

KNOWLEDGE TEST GUIDE
October 2014
U.S. Department of Transportation

Federal Aviation Administration
INTRODUCTION
FAA-G-8082-7, dated October 2014, Flight and Ground Instructor Knowledge Test Guide, provides
information for preparing you to take one or all of the following airman knowledge tests. This document
supersedes all previously dated FAA-G-8082-7 versions.
Test Name
Test Code
Fundamentals of Instructing ......................................... FOI

Ground Instructor Basic ............................................... BGI
Ground Instructor Advanced ........................................ AGI
Flight Instructor Airplane .............................................. FIA
Flight Instructor Rotorcraft Helicopter ........................... FRH
Flight Instructor Rotorcraft Gyroplane ........................... FRG
Flight Instructor Glider .................................................. FIG
Flight Instructor Airplane (added rating) ....................... AFA
Flight Instructor Helicopter (added rating) .................... HFA
Flight Instructor Gyroplane (added rating) .................... GFA
Flight Instructor Glider (added rating) ........................... AFG
Flight Instructor Sport Airplane ...................................... SIA
Flight Instructor Sport Balloon ....................................... SIB
Flight Instructor Sport Glider ......................................... SIG
Flight Instructor Sport Lighter-Than-Air (Airship) ........... SIL
Flight Instructor Sport Powered Parachute .................... SIP
Flight Instructor Sport Weight-Shift-Control ................... SIW
Flight Instructor Sport Gyroplane .................................. SIY
Military Competence Instructor...................................... MCI
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) airman knowledge tests are effective instruments for aviation safety
and regulation compliance measurement. However, these tests can only sample the vast amount of
knowledge every pilot needs to operate safely in the National Airspace System (NAS).
Comments may be e-mailed to AFS630Comments@faa.gov.
Note: Instrument Instructor applicants should see the Instrument Rating and Instrument Instructor Rating
Knowledge Test Guide, FAA-G-8082-13.
KNOWLEDGE TEST ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS

The general qualifications for an Instructor Rating require you have a combination of experience,
knowledge and skill.
Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 61 requires that pilots must be able to read,
write, speak, and understand the English language. If you cannot meet these requirements of English
fluency, an airman certificate cannot be issued. For medical reasons, an appropriate limitation may be
placed on the certificate.
You must pass the Fundamentals of Instructing Knowledge Test and a Flight or Ground Instructor
Knowledge Test specific to the instructor rating sought. You may take these tests on the same day, and
you do not have to take them in any particular order. An instructor rating obtained by passing the Military
Competence Instructor (MCI) exam does not require the candidate to take the Fundamentals of Instructing
(FOI) exam.
When applying for any additional instructor rating, you are not required to take the Fundamentals of
Instructing Knowledge Test again. Once you have acquired a Flight Instructor Certificate, you are eligible to
give ground instruction required for a Pilot or Instructor Certificate or rating, based on the ratings on your
Flight Instructor Certificate. Because of this, it is not necessary to obtain a separate Ground Instructor
Certificate since you would already have these privileges.
For a summary of knowledge test eligibility requirements for all certification areas listed above, refer to the
FAA Airman Knowledge Testing Authorization Matrix located at:
http://www.faa.gov/training_testing/testing/media/testing_matrix.pdf
ROLE OF THE INSTRUCTOR

All pilot training is directed toward developing safe and competent pilots. The more complete a student
understands theory and principles, the easier it will be for that student to become a safe and competent
pilot. It has long been recognized that flight and ground instruction go hand in hand. Each complements the
other, resulting in a training program that is both meaningful and comprehensive.
Generally, pilots learn by one of two methods. Some learn by memorization while others acquire
knowledge and understanding of basic procedures and techniques and apply these to various piloting
operations. The latter method of learning is, by far, more effective. Effective pilot training is based on the
knowledge and understanding of principles, along with skills that are essential to flight safety.
The keystone of the present-day training concept is the flight instructora professional who should
assume full responsibility for all phases of a student pilots flight and ground instruction. A flight instructor
must first be fully qualified as a pilot. In addition, a successful instructor must meet qualifications far beyond
those required for certification as a pilot. An instructor must have a thorough understanding of how learning
occurs, and how to apply teaching methods that best foster learning. The most important factor is the
instructors own attitude toward instruction that determines the effectiveness of the teaching method. By
understanding the teaching and learning processes, instructors will be better qualified to produce pilots
who are able to operate safely within the National Airspace System (NAS).
KNOWLEDGE AREAS ON THE TESTS

Flight and Ground Instructor Knowledge tests are comprehensive because they must test your knowledge
in many subject areas. These include all aeronautical knowledge areas required for a Private and
Commercial Pilot Certificate, as well as those required for a Flight or Ground Instructor Certificate. When
applying for any Flight or Ground Instructor Knowledge Test, you should review the appropriate sections of
14 CFR part 61 for specific knowledge areas on each test. The Ground Instructor tests are not limited to
any specific category of aircraft. A Ground Instructor can instruct for any category; therefore, an applicant
is tested on all categories of aircraft appropriate for the specific ground instructor certificate sought.
Flight instructors should be knowledgeable of not only what to do and how to do it, but also why a
maneuver is performed and what common errors result if the maneuver or procedure is not performed
properly. Ground instructors should also be knowledgeable of all subjects; however, they would not be
expected to understand evaluating pilot performance of maneuvers and analyzing common errors.
It is generally accepted that a pilot with much knowledge, but little skill, is not adequately equipped to fly an
aircraft. Neither is the pilot who is skillful in the manipulative techniques of flying, but lacks aviation
knowledge.
DESCRIPTIONS OF THE TESTS

If you are pursuing initial flight or ground instructor certification, you must successfully complete the
Fundamentals of Instructing Knowledge Test. However, if you hold a current teachers certificate at the
junior or senior high school level, or you are an instructor at a college or university, you can receive credit
for this test. This test contains 50 questions, and you are allowed 1 hour and 30 minutes to complete the
test. The minimum passing score is 70 percent.
In addition, you must successfully complete a knowledge test appropriate to the desired rating. The
following tests each contain 100 questions (except for Ground InstructorBasic, which contains
80 questions), and you are allowed 2 hours and 30 minutes to complete each test.
Ground InstructorBasic
Ground InstructorAdvanced
Flight InstructorAirplane
Flight InstructorHelicopter
Flight InstructorGyroplane
Flight InstructorGlider
If you are pursuing a flight instructor with a Sport Pilot Rating Certificate, you should review 14 CFR part
61, section 61.23, Medical Certificates: Requirement and Duration; 14 CFR part 61, section 61.35,
Knowledge Test: Prerequisites and Passing Grades; and 14 CFR part 61, Subpart JSport Pilots and
Subpart KFlight Instructors With a Sport Pilot Rating.
Each of the following knowledge tests contains 70 questions, and you are allowed 2 hours and 30 minutes
to complete each test.
Flight InstructorSport Airplane

Flight InstructorSport Balloon
Flight InstructorSport Glider
Flight InstructorSport Lighter-Than-Air (Airship)
Flight InstructorSport Powered Parachute
Flight InstructorSport Weight-Shift-Control
Flight InstructorSport Gyroplane
If you desire to add a rating to your Flight Instructor Certificate, you must successfully complete a
knowledge test, if required, appropriate to the desired rating.
The following tests each contain 25 questions, and you are allowed 1 hour to complete each test.
Flight InstructorAirplaneAdded Rating

Flight InstructorHelicopterAdded Rating
Flight InstructorGyroplaneAdded Rating
Flight InstructorGliderAdded Rating
The following test contains 125 questions, and you are allowed 3 hours to complete.
Military Competence Instructor
All test results expire at the end of 24 calendar months after the month in which the test was taken. All test
questions are the objective, multiple-choice type. Each question can be answered by the selection of a
single response. Each test question is independent of other questions; therefore, a correct response to one
does not depend upon, or influence, the correct response to another.
TEST REGISTRATION
The FAA has designated two Airman Knowledge Testing (AKT) Organization Designation Authorization
(ODA) Holders, which sponsor hundreds of knowledge testing center locations. These testing centers offer
a full range of airman knowledge tests including: Aircraft Dispatcher, Airline Transport Pilot, Aviation
Maintenance Technician, Commercial Pilot, Flight Engineer, Flight Instructor, Flight Navigator, Ground
Instructor, Inspection Authorization, Instrument Rating, Parachute Rigger, Private Pilot, Recreational Pilot,
Sport Pilot and Military Competence. Contact information for the AKT ODA Holders is provided below
under Knowledge Test Centers.
The first step in taking a knowledge test is the registration process. You may either call a central
registration phone number or appear at a testing center on a walk-in basis. If you choose to use a central
registration phone number to schedule your test, you will need to be prepared to select a test date, choose
a testing center, and make financial arrangements for test payment. You may register for tests several
weeks in advance, and you may cancel your appointment according to the AKT ODA Holders cancellation
policy. If you do not follow the AKT ODA Holders cancellation policies, you could be subject to a
cancellation fee.
APPLICANT IDENTIFICATION AND TEST AUTHORIZATION

The next step in taking a knowledge test is providing proper identification. You should determine what
knowledge test prerequisites are necessary before going to the computer-testing center. Your instructor or
local FAA Flight Standards District Office (FSDO) may advise you regarding the documentation required to
be presented at the testing facility. Testing center personnel will not begin the test until your identification
and eligibility is verified.
Acceptable forms of authorization and retesting procedures are available in the latest version of the
Applicant Identification, Information, Verification, & Authorization Requirements Matrix located at:
http://www.faa.gov/training_testing/testing/media/testing_matrix.pdf
TEST TAKING TIPS

Prior to launching the actual test, the AKT ODA Holders testing software will provide you with an
opportunity to practice navigating through the test. This practice (or tutorial) session may include a
sample question(s). These sample questions have no relation to the content of the test, but are meant to
familiarize you with the look and feel of the system screens, including selecting an answer, marking a
question for later review, time remaining for the test, and other features of the testing software. Ensure you
have the correct computer testing supplement for the test before you acknowledge that fact on the testing
screen.
When taking a test, keep the following points in mind:
Carefully read the instructions given with the test.
Answer each question in accordance with the latest regulations and guidance publications.
Read each question carefully before looking at the answer options. You should clearly understand
the problem before attempting to solve it.
After formulating an answer, determine which answer option corresponds with your answer. The
answer you choose should completely resolve the problem.
From the options given, it may appear there is more than one possible answer; however, there is
only one answer that is correct and complete. The other options are either incomplete, erroneous,
or derived from popular misconceptions.
If a certain question is difficult for you, it is best to mark it for review and proceed to the next
question. After you answer the less difficult questions, return to those marked for review and
answer them. The review marking procedure will be explained to you prior to starting the test.
Although the computer should alert you to unanswered questions, make sure every question has an
answer recorded. This procedure will enable you to use the available time to maximum advantage.
When solving a calculation problem, select the answer closest to your solution. The problem has
been checked with various types of calculators; therefore, if you have solved it correctly, your
answer will be closer to the correct answer than any of the other choices.
From time to time the FAA adds additional questions to tests for validation purposes. These
questions are not labeled and do not count for or against your score. To facilitate unbiased
question validation, you are expected to answer all questions to the best of your abilities.
USE OF TEST AIDS AND MATERIALS

You may use aids, reference materials, and test materials within the guidelines listed below, if actual test
questions or answers are not revealed. All models of aviation-oriented calculators may be used, including
small electronic calculators that perform only arithmetic functions (add, subtract, multiply, and divide).
Simple programmable memories, which allow addition to, subtraction from, or retrieval of one number from
the memory, are permissible. Also, simple functions, such as square root and percent keys are permissible.
The following guidelines apply:
1. You may use any reference materials provided with the test. In addition, you may use scales,
straightedges, protractors, plotters, navigation computers, log sheets, and electronic or mechanical
calculators that are directly related to the test.
2. Manufacturers permanently inscribed instructions on the front and back of such aids (e.g.,
formulas, conversions, regulations, signals, weather data, frequencies, weight-and-balance
formulas) are permissible.
3. Testing centers may provide a calculator to you and/or deny use of your personal calculator based
on the following limitations:
a. Prior to, and upon completion of the test, while in the presence of the Unit Member (formerly
referred to as proctor), you must actuate the ON/OFF switch and perform any other function that
ensures erasure of any data stored in memory circuits.
b. The use of electronic calculators incorporating permanent or continuous type memory circuits
without erasure capability is prohibited. The Unit Member may refuse the use of your calculator
when unable to determine the calculators erasure capability.
c. Printouts of data must be surrendered at the completion of the test if the calculator incorporates
this design feature.
d. The use of magnetic cards, magnetic tapes, modules, computer chips, or any other device upon
which pre-written programs or information related to the test can be stored and retrieved is
prohibited.
e. You are not permitted to use any booklet or manual containing instructions related to use of test
aids.
4. Dictionaries are not allowed in the testing area.
5. The Unit Member makes the final determination relating to test materials and personal possessions
you may take into the testing area.
TESTING PROCEDURES FOR APPLICANTS REQUESTING SPECIAL ACCOMMODATIONS

If you are an applicant with a learning or reading disability, you may request approval from AFS-630,
through the local FSDO or IFO, to take an airman knowledge test using one of the three options listed
below, in preferential order:
Option 1. Use current testing facilities and procedures whenever possible.
Option 2. You may use a self-contained, electronic device which pronounces and displays typed-in
words (e.g., the Franklin Speaking Wordmaster) to facilitate the testing process. (NOTE:
The device should consist of an electronic thesaurus that audibly pronounces typed-in
words and presents them on a display screen. The device should also have a built-in
headphone jack for private listening in order to avoid disturbing others during testing.)
Option 3. If you do not choose to use the first or second option, you may request Unit Member
assistance in reading specific words or terms from the test questions and/or supplement
book. In the interest of preventing compromise of the testing process, the Unit Member must
be an individual with no aviation background or expertise. The Unit Member must provide
reading assistance only, with no explanation of words or terms. When this option is
requested, the FSDO or IFO inspector must contact the Airman Testing Standards Branch
(AFS-630) for assistance in selecting the test site and assisting Unit Member.
Prior to approval of any option, the FSDO or IFO Aviation Safety Inspector must advise you of the
regulatory certification requirement of being able to read, write, speak, and understand the English
language.
CHEATING OR OTHER UNAUTHORIZED CONDUCT

Computer testing centers must follow strict security procedures to avoid test compromise. These
procedures are established by the FAA and are covered in FAA Order 8080.6 (as amended), Conduct of
Airman Knowledge Tests. The FAA has directed testing centers to terminate a test at any time a test Unit
Member suspects a cheating incident has occurred. An FAA investigation will then be conducted. If the
investigation determines that cheating or unauthorized conduct has occurred, then any airman certificate or
rating that you hold may be revoked, and you may be prohibited for 1 year from applying for or taking any
test for a certificate or rating under 14 CFR part 61.
LEARNING STATEMENTS
Learning statements, as used in airman knowledge testing, refer to a measurable level of knowledge a
student should be able to demonstrate following a defined element of training. The most current Learning
Statement Reference Guide for Airman Knowledge Testing is online at:
http://www.faa.gov/training_testing/testing/media/LearningStatementReferenceGuide.pdf
We provide learning statements to help instructors and students become more familiar with the areas of
knowledge applicable to the airman training, learning, studying, and testing processes.
Beyond serving as a useful reference in preparing for your airman knowledge test, the Learning Statement
Reference Guide will assist you and your instructor in interpreting any learning statement codes that may
appear on your Airman Knowledge Test Report. You will receive a test report immediately upon
completion of the test. This report will list learning statement codes for any questions you may have
answered incorrectly. You and your instructor should match the codes on the test report to the information
in the Learning Statement Reference Guide in order to obtain the corresponding areas of knowledge
deficiency.
Your instructor may be required to provide instruction on each of the areas of deficiency, and to provide a
logbook or training record endorsement certifying you have demonstrated satisfactory knowledge in each
area. Also, you must present the original Airman Knowledge Test Report to the examiner conducting your
practical test. During the practical test, the examiner will refer to the learning codes and statements to
evaluate your knowledge in the noted areas of deficiency.
REQUESTING YOUR TEST BE HAND-SCORED

If you wish to have your test hand-scored, you must submit a request, in the form of a signed letter, to the
Airman Testing Standards Branch, AFS-630. The request must be accompanied by a copy of your Airman
Knowledge Test Report and a legible photocopy of a government issued identification with your photograph
and signature. Mail or fax this information to: (e-Mail requests are not accepted due to security issues.)
Airman Testing Standards Branch, AFS-630
P.O. Box 25082
Oklahoma City, OK 73125
Or Fax to: 405 954-4748
Note: If you have comments regarding test questions, test procedures, or supplemental material content,
please e-Mail AFS-630 at: AFS630Comments@faa.gov.
AIRMAN KNOWLEDGE TEST REPORTS

Upon completion of the knowledge test, you will receive your Airman Knowledge Test Report, which
reflects your score. The test report will be stamped with the testing centers raised/embossed seal.
The Airman Knowledge Test Report must be presented to the examiner prior to taking the practical test.
During the oral portion of the practical test, the examiner is required to evaluate the noted areas of
deficiency.
Should you require a duplicate Airman Knowledge Test Report due to loss or destruction of the original,
send a signed request accompanied by a check or money order for $1.00, payable to the FAA. Send the
request to:
Airmen Certification Branch, AFS-760
P.O. Box 25082
Oklahoma City, OK 73125
Airman Knowledge Test Reports are valid for the 24-calendar month period following the month you
complete the practical test. If the Airman Knowledge Test Report expires before completion of the
practical test, you must retake the knowledge test.
TRAINING AND TESTING PUBLICATIONS AND GENERAL INFORMATION
Most of the current Flight Standards Service airman training and testing publications can be obtained in
electronic format from the FAA Website, www.faa.gov. The training and testing publications and general
information can be found on the opening page of that Website under the Training and Testing tab. If a
publication is not available in electronic format, there are instructions for obtaining paper copies.
Information found on the Website includes the following:
Advisory Circulars
Airworthiness Directives
Code of Federal Regulations
Computer Testing Supplements
Knowledge Test Centers
Sample Knowledge Test questions
Knowledge Test Statistics
Learning Statement Reference Guide
Practical Test Standards
Training Handbooks
Type Certificate Data Sheets
Advisory Circulars
Advisory circulars (ACs) provide guidance and information on various subjects related to airman
certification.
Airworthiness Directives
Airworthiness Directives (ADs) are notifications to aircraft owners of a known safety deficiency with a
specific model of aircraft, engine, avionics, or other system.
Code of Federal Regulations
The portion of 14 CFR containing what was formerly known as the Federal Aviation Regulations can be
found on the Website. 14 CFR contains regulations designed to promote aviation safety, and govern all
aviation activities in the United States.
Computer Testing Supplements
The knowledge testing supplements contain the graphics, legends, and maps that are needed to
successfully respond to certain knowledge test items. ODA test center personnel will provide these
supplements during the airman knowledge test.
You can review them prior to testing at:
http://www.faa.gov/pilots/testing/supplements/. Marking in the supplement book is prohibited; however,
you may request a photo copy of any figure either before or during your exam. This marked or unmarked
copy must be returned to the proctor at the end of the exam.
Knowledge Test Centers
The Knowledge Test Centers portion of the Website contains current listings of Airman Knowledge Testing
(AKT) Organization Designation Authorization (ODA) Holders and other testing centers, and the
registration telephone numbers to call to register for a test.
The following is a list of the ODA holders authorized to give FAA airman knowledge tests. This list should
be helpful in case you choose to register for a test or simply want more information.
Computer Assisted Testing Service (CATS)
777 Mariners Island Blvd., Suite 200
San Mateo, CA 94404
Applicant inquiry and test registration: 1-800-947-4228
From outside the U.S. (650) 259-8550
PSI
16821 SE McGillivray Blvd., Suite 201
Vancouver, WA 98683
Applicant inquiry and test registration: 1-800-211-2753 or 1-800-211-2754
From outside the U.S. (360) 896-9111
Knowledge Test Questions
Sample questions are located in the Airman Knowledge Test Questions section of the Website and
represent the types of questions included in the actual test banks. Practicing these questions will help you
become familiar with similar questions on the airman knowledge tests. The knowledge test is not designed
to intimidate any prospective airman; it is designed to measure an applicants understanding of the rules,
regulations and knowledge areas required to receive an FAA certificate.
Knowledge Test Statistics
Test statistics for all airman knowledge tests are contained in a series of tables organized by year and
subject area. Individual tables are provided for the following subject areas: test volume, pass rates,
average test scores, countries, regions, and district offices.
The practical test standards outline the knowledge and skill requirements for each airman certificate and
rating. The references listed in each task of the practical test standards indicate the specific publications
used to develop the skill standards. The ability to issue immediate changes prior to publishing revised
printed copies ensures the practical test standards are always accurate and usable.
Training Handbooks
The training handbooks are the basic information sources an airman applicant should refer to when
preparing for the knowledge and practical tests for a specific certificate or rating.
Classification Code
Topic, Content and Specific (TCS) codes listed in this guide are NOT a description of the Learning
Statement Codes (LSC) found in the Learning Statement Reference Guide for Airman Knowledge Testing
document, but are a hierarchical sequence of classification codes placing a question in a unique category.
FAA knowledge test question development uses the following hierarchy:
Topic Overall subject matter topic code. The highest classification of overall subject matter a
knowledge test item was developed to assess (e.g., Aerodynamics).
ContentSecondary level subject matter code (e.g., Airspeed).
Specific the basic hierarchical classification code the subject matter for a knowledge test item
(e.g., Thrust).
References Appendix
The knowledge tests for Flight and Ground Instructor exams are based on the following
references.
14 CFR part 1 Definitions and Abbreviations
14 CFR part 23 Airworthiness Standards: Normal, Utility, Acrobatic and Commuter
14 CFR part 25 Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category Airplanes
14 CFR part 27 Airworthiness Standards: Normal Category Rotorcraft
14 CFR part 29 Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category Rotorcraft
14 CFR part 61 Certification: Pilots, Flight Instructors, and Ground Instructors
14 CFR part 71 Designation of Class A, B, C, D, and E Airspace Areas; Air Traffic
Service Routes; and Reporting Points
14 CFR part 91 General Operating and Flight Rules
14 CFR part 121 Operating Requirements: Domestic, Flag, and Supplemental
Operations
49 CFR 1544
49 CFR part 830 Notification and Reporting of Aircraft Accidents
AC 00-45 - Aviation Weather Services
AC 00-6 - Aviation Weather
AC 20-43 - Aircraft Fuel Control
AC 60-22 - Aeronautical Decision Making
AC 61-107 - Operations of Aircraft at Altitudes Above 25,000 Feet MSL and/or MACH
numbers Greater than .75
AC 61-67 - Stall Spin Awareness Training
AC 90-48 - Pilots` Role in Collision Avoidance
AC 91-13 - Cold Weather Operation of Aircraft
AC 91-43 - Unreliable Airspeed Indication
Aeronautical Information Manual
Airport/Facility Directory
FAA Accident Prevention Program Bulletins
FAA-H-8083-1 - Aircraft Weight and Balance Handbook
FAA-H-8083-11 - Balloon Flying Handbook
FAA-H-8083-13 - Glider Flying Handbook
FAA-H-8083-15 - Instrument Flying Handbook
FAA-H-8083-2 - Risk Management Handbook
FAA-H-8083-21A - Helicopter Flying Handbook
FAA-H-8083-21 - Rotorcraft Flying Handbook
FAA-H-8083-25 - Pilot`s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge
FAA-H-8083-29 - Powered Parachute Flying Handbook
FAA-H-8083-3A - Airplane Flying Handbook
FAA-H-8083-4 - Helicopter Instructors Handbook
FAA-H-8083-9 - Aviation Instructor Handbook
Sectional Aeronautical Chart
Note: The latest revision of these references and errata pages should be used. Errata sheets
are found at:
http://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/handbooks_manuals/aircraft/
and
http://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/handbooks_manuals/aviation/
13
14
Fundamentals of Instructing (FOI)

Sample Questions
15
FUNDAMENTALS OF INSTRUCTING (FOI)

1. What should an instructor do with a student who assumes that correction of errors is
not important?
ADivide complex flight maneuvers into elements.
BTry to reduce the students overconfidence to reduce the change of an accident.
CRaise the standard of performance for each lesson demanding greater effort.
Answer: C.
Learning Statement: Recall instructor techniquesobstacles/planning/activities/outcome.
2. During a stall recovery, the instructor allows the student to exceed maneuvering
speed. Which best illustrates an anti-authority reaction by the instructor?
AThere has not been a problem doing this in the past.
BThe aircraft can handle a lot more than the maneuvering speed.
CThe student should know how to recover from a stall by this time.
Answer: B.
Learning Statement: Recall Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM)hazardous attitudes.
3. Proper oral quizzing by the instructor during a lesson can have which result?
AAlerts the instructor to the level of student motivation.
BIdentifies points which need more emphasis.
CCan serve as a lead-in to introduce new material.
Answer: B.
Learning Statement: Recall student evaluationwritten tests/oral quiz/critiques.
4. The objective of the Practical Test Standards (PTS) is to ensure the certification of
pilots at a high level of performance and proficiency, consistent with
Asafety.
Bthe time available.
Ctheir abilities.
Answer: A.
Learning Statement: Recall student evaluationlearning process.
5. Which statement is true regarding positive or negative approaches in aviation
instructional techniques?
AA student with normal abilities should not be affected by an instructor who emphasizes
emergency procedures early in training.
BA positive approach, to be effective, will point out the pleasurable features of aviation before
the unpleasant possibilities are discussed.
CThe introduction of emergency procedures before the student is acquainted with normal
operations is likely to be neither discouraging nor affect learning.
Answer: B.
Learning Statement: Recall FOI techniquesresponsibilities.
16
LIST OF REFERENCE MATERIALS SPECIFIC TO THE

FUNDAMENTALS OF INSTRUCTING (FOI) KNOWLEDGE TEST
Topic
Content
Specific
PLT022
Fundamentals of Instructing
Techniques-Flight Instruction
Aeronautical Decision Making
PLT104
Instructional Guidelines
ADM
Situational Awareness
PLT204
Effective Communication
Developing Communication Skills
PLT211
Critique / Evaluation
Teaching Process
Assessment
Instructional Aids / Training Technologies
Teaching Aids
Instructor Responsibilities / Professionalism Evaluation
Instructor Responsibilities / Professionalism Pre Solo Requirements
Teaching Process
Evaluation
Assessment
PLT227
Integrated Flight Instruction
PLT228
Learning Process
Learning Transfer
Learning Process
Perceptions
Planning Instructional Activity
Lesson Plan
Practice
Teaching Process
PLT229
Learning Process
Learning Theory
Instructor Responsibilities
Instructor Responsibilities / Professionalism Professionalism
PLT230
Instructor Responsibilities
PLT231
Human Behavior
Anxiety
Stress
Human Behavior
PLT232
Human Behavior
Defense Mechanisms
PLT233
Human Behavior
Defense Mechanisms
Human Behavior
Defense Mechanisms
PLT269
Human Behavior
Defense Mechanisms
Repression
Human Behavior
17
PLT270
Human Behavior
Human Needs
PLT272
Human Behavior
Defense Mechanisms
PLT295
Learning Process
Skill Acquisition
Objectives
Fatigue
Obstacles to Learning During Flight Instruction
Learning Process
Learning Transfer
Blocks of Learning
Apathy
Distractions
Fatigue
PLT306
Learning Process
Levels of Learning
Learning Process
Learning Characteristics
Learning Process
Learning Theory
Learning Process
Learning Transfer
PLT307
Oral Assessment
Learning Process
Learning Theory
Learning Process
Memory
PLT308
Learning Process
Definition of Learning
Learning Process
Domains of Learning
Learning Process
Learning Plateau
Learning Process
Learning Theory
Learning Process
Principles of Learning
Learning Process
Skill Acquisition
Learning Process
Insights
Learning Process
Learning Process
Learning Theory
Learning Process
Perceptions
PLT419
Teaching Process
PLT481
Evaluation
Learning Process
Learning Plateau
PLT482
Assessment
Oral Assessment
Oral Quizzing
Test Questions
Written
Teaching Methods
Assessment
Teaching Process
Assessment
18
PLT487
Teaching Aids
Demonstration / Performance
Teaching Methods
PLT488
Teaching Methods
Teaching Methods
Guided Discussion
Teaching Methods
Lecture
PLT489
Learning Process
Group Learning
Teaching Process
PLT490
Learning Process
PLT491
Learning Theory
Learning Process
Teaching Process
Objectives
Blocks of Learning
Teaching Methods
Lecture
Evaluation
Teaching Methods
PLT504
PLT505
Teaching Methods
Lesson Preparation
Teaching Aids
Teaching Methods
CAL
19
Teaching Aids
Computer-Based Training Method
Ground Instructor Basic (BGI)

Sample Questions
20
GROUND INSTRUCTOR BASIC (BGI)

1. Aspect ratio of a wing is defined as the ratio of the
Awingspan to the wing root.
Bwingspan to the mean chord.
Csquare of the chord to the wingspan.
Answer: B.
Learning Statement: Recall forces acting on aircraftaspect ratio.
2. In a twin-engine airplane, the single-engine service ceiling is the maximum density
altitude at which VYSE will produce
A50 feet per minute rate of climb.
B100 feet per minute rate of climb.
C500 feet per minute rate of climb.
Answer: A.
Learning Statement: Recall aircraft performance-instrument
markings/airspeed/definition/indications.
3. What effect does high-density altitude have on aircraft performance?
AIt increases engine performance.
BIt reduces climb performance.
CIt increases takeoff performance.
Answer: B.
Learning Statement: Recall aircraft performancedensity altitude.
4. Which combination of atmospheric conditions will reduce aircraft takeoff and climb
performance?
ALow temperature, low-relative humidity, and low-density altitude.
BHigh temperature, low-relative humidity, and low-density altitude.
CHigh temperature, high-relative humidity, and high-density altitude.
Answer: C.
Learning Statement: Recall aircraft performanceatmospheric effects.
5. What is true altitude?

AThe vertical distance of the aircraft above sea level.
BThe vertical distance of the aircraft above the surface.
CThe height above the standard datum plane.
Answer: A.
Learning Statement: Define altitudeabsolute/true/indicated/density/pressure.
21

BASIC GROUND INSTRUCTOR (BGI) KNOWLEDGE TEST
Topic
Content
Specific
PLT004
Aircraft Performance
Charts
Climb / Cruise Performance Data
PLT005
Computations
Determining Density Altitude
PLT006
Charts
Glide Distance
PLT012
Computations
Computing Takeoff / Climb Distance
Computations
Determing Takeoff Distance
Navigation
Dead Reckoning
Calculations
Navigation
Pilotage
Calculations
PLT013
Charts
Determining Crosswind Component
FAA-H-8083-3 - Airplane Flying Handbook

Charts
PLT015
Navigation
Dead Reckoning
Calculations
PLT018
Aerodynamics
Load Factor
Effect of Load Factor on Stalling Speed
PLT021
Weight and Balance
Center of Gravity
Computations

Weight and Balance
Aircraft Loading
Shifting Weight
Weight and Balance
Computations
Center of Gravity
PLT022
Human Factors
ADM
Hazardous Attitude
Human Factors
ADM
Risk Management
PLT023
Weather
Meteorology
Density Altitude
PLT037
Weather
Aeronautical Weather Reports
Pilot and Radar Reports, Satellite Pictures, and
PLT040
Airspace
Controlled
Class C
PLT041
Weather
Meteorology
Pressure
PLT059
Weather
Weather
PLT061
Weather
PLT063
Weather
Weather
Charts / Maps
Aviation Routine Weather Reports (METAR)

Pilot Reports
Radar Summary Chart

Radar Summary Charts
22
PLT064
Regulations
Airspace Classes
Visibility and Cloud Clearance

Airspace
Controlled
Class B
Airspace
Controlled
Class C
Airspace
Controlled
Class D
Airspace
Controlled
Class E
Airspace
Controlled
Equipment Required

Airspace
Controlled
Class B
Navigation
Pilotage
Aeronautical Charts
PLT066
Weather
Charts / Maps
Severe Weather Outlook Charts
PLT068
Weather
Charts / Maps
Significant Weather Prognostic Charts
PLT070
Weather
Charts / Maps
Stability Chart
PLT071
Weather
Charts / Maps
Surface Analysis Charts
PLT072
Weather
Aeronautical Weather Forecasts
Data Interpretation
Weather
PLT074
Aerodynamics
Load Factor
TAF
Determining Load Factors
Charts
Velocity / Load Factor Chart
PLT075
Weather
Charts / Maps
Weather Depiction Charts
PLT076
Weather
Data Dissemination
Weather
Charts / Maps
Winds / Temperatures Aloft Charts
PLT078
Airport Operations
Runway Conditions
Gradient
PLT081
Weather
Aviation Weather Forecasts
Weather
PLT095
Aircraft Systems
Propeller
PLT103
Human Factors
ADM
PLT112
Airport Operations
Taxiing
Data Dissemination
Airport Operations
Crosswind Taxi Procedures
Taxiing
Slipstream
Hazardous Attitude
Control Positioning
PLT113
Regulations
14CFR Part 1
Certification Regulation Criteria
Regulations
Knowledge / Practical Test
PLT116
Airport Operations
Wake Turbulence
23
Required Aircraft / Equipment
Wake Turbulence Avoidance
PLT118
Aircraft Systems
Flight Instruments
Heading Indicator
PLT123
Regulations
VFR Flight Plan
Information Required
PLT124
Computations
PLT126
Aircraft Systems
Environmental
Cold Weather Operations
PLT127
Density Altitude
Performance Detractor

Atmospheric Effects
PLT131
Atmospheric Effects
PLT132
Limitations
Limitations
Ground Effect
Airspeeds
Flight Instruments

Limitations
Airspeeds
PLT141
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Hold Position
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
ILS
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Runway
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Runway with Displaced Threshold
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Taxiway
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Taxiway Directional Sign
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Taxiway to Runway Marking
PLT146
Airport Operations
Traffic Patterns
Segmented Circle
PLT161
Regulations
14CFR Part 91
Equipment
ATC Transponder and Altitude Reporting
Regulations
Airspace Classes
Controlled Airspace Requirements
Regulations
Airspace Classes
Limitations
Regulations
Airspace Classes
Minimum Flight Visibility
Regulations
Airspace Classes
VFR Requirements
Regulations
Airspace Classes
Regulations
Class D Airspace
Communications
Regulations
Weather Minimums
Special VFR

Airspace
Controlled
Class D
Airspace
Controlled
PLT162
Regulations
Airspace Classes
Class E
Regulations
Maximum Indicated Airspeed
Class B Airspace

Airspace
Uncontrolled
PLT163
Regulations
14CFR Part 91
Class D Airspace
Distance from Clouds
Regulations
Weather Minimums
Special VFR
Regulations
Weather Minimums
Visibility
24
PLT165
Aircraft Systems
Pitot / Static
Altimeter
PLT167
Aircraft Systems
Pitot / Static
Altimeter
PLT168
Aerodynamics
Principles of Flight
Forces Acting on Aircraft
Aerodynamics
Lift
Aerodynamics
Pitch Attitude
Aerodynamics
Stalls
PLT172
Regulations
Airspace Classes
Transponder / Altitude Reporting Equipment
PLT173
Weather
Stability
Meteorology
PLT190
Aircraft Systems
De-Icing / Anti-Icing
Carburetor Air Temperature Gauge

Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
PLT192
Weather
Meteorology
Carburetor Icing
Air Masses
Weather
Meteorology
Clouds
PLT196
Airport Operations
Tower Controlled
ATIS
PLT198
Navigation
Dead Reckoning
Calculations
PLT203
Weather
Meteorology
Temperature
PLT206
Weather
Meteorology
Density Altitude
PLT207
Aircraft Systems
Electrical
Electrical System Failure
PLT208
Regulations
Equipment
Locator Transmitter
PLT214
Aerodynamics
Load Factor
Maneuvering Speed

Aerodynamics
PLT215
Aircraft Systems
Flight Instruments
Deviation Error
PLT219
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Basic

Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Basic
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Ground Reference
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Skids / Slips
PLT220
Regulations
Operational Procedures
Right of Way
PLT222
Atmospheric Effects
Soft-Field Takeoff / Climb
25
PLT226
Weather
Meteorology
Fog
PLT236
Aerodynamics
Aerodynamics
Pressure Distribution
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
PLT237
Aerodynamics
Design Characteristics
Aerodynamics
Lift
PLT238
Aerodynamics
Definition
PLT240
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Destabilizing Effect
PLT241
Aerodynamics
PLT242
Aerodynamics
PLT243
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Gyroscopic Action
PLT244
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Spiral Instability
PLT245
Aerodynamics
Spins
PLT246
Aerodynamics
PLT248
Aerodynamics
Level Turns
Aerodynamics
Turns
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Basic
PLT249
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
Mixture Control
PLT251
Aircraft Systems
Condensation
Fuel / Oil
PLT253
Aircraft Systems
Fuel / Oil
Fuel System Preflight
Aircraft Systems
Tanks
Fuel / Oil
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
PLT258
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
PLT261
Weather
Hazardous
PLT263
Weather
Meteorology
PLT271
Human Factors
ADM
Mixture Control
Ground Reference
Thunderstorms
Fog
Risk Management
26
PLT276
Navigation
Radio
VOR
PLT277
Regulations
Aircraft Lights
Night-Flight Operations
PLT289
Weather
Charts / Maps
PLT290
Weather
Data Dissemination
PLT291
Weather
Weather
Data Dissemination
PLT301
Weather
Meteorology
Temperature
PLT305
Aerodynamics
PLT311
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
PLT317
Weather
Meteorology
PLT320
Navigation
Dead Reckoning
PLT322
Navigation
Radio
PLT330
Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
PLT332
Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
PLT337
Aircraft Systems
Pitot / Static
Pitch Attitude
Turns
Microburst
Aeronautical Charts
VOR
Physiological
Physiological
Blockage

Aircraft Systems
Pitot / Static
Airspeed Indicator
PLT343
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
Power
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
PLT344
Weather
Meteorology
PLT346
Aerodynamics
Reciprocating Engines
Moisture

Aerodynamics
PLT351
Aircraft Systems
Propeller
Blade Angle
Aircraft Systems
Propeller
Constant-Speed Propeller
Aircraft Systems
Propeller
Effective Pitch
Aircraft Systems
Propeller
Propeller Slippage
PLT353
Weather
27
Interpret
PLT366
Regulations
NTSB Part 830
Reporting
PLT372
Regulations
Aircraft Inspections
100 Hour Inspection
PLT373
Regulations
Documentation
Operating Limitations
PLT374
Regulations
Aircraft Maintenance
Responsibilities
PLT377
Regulations
Documentation
PLT384
Regulations
Pilot in Command
Passenger Briefing / Seatbelt Usage
PLT386
Regulations
Student Certificate
Expiration
PLT395
Regulations
NTSB Part 830
Definition
PLT399
Regulations
Documentation
Operating an Aircraft
PLT404
Regulations
Equipment
Locator Transmitter
PLT405
Regulations
Eligibility
Practical Test
PLT407
Regulations
Flight Review
Proficiency Check
Regulations
PLT413
Regulations
Fuel
PLT414
Regulations
14CFR Part 91
Cheating
Regulations
Right of Way
Minimum Requirements
Airship
PLT415
Regulations
14CFR Part 91
Preflight Action
PLT416
Regulations
NTSB Part 830
Reporting
PLT418
Regulations
14CFR Part 61
Knowledge Test: Retesting
Regulations
FAA Certificates
Advanced/Basic Ground Instructor Limitations
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Endorsements
Regulations
Student Pilot
Logging Training Time
PLT419
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Endorsements
PLT425
Regulations
Documentation
Regulations
Rebuilt Engine Requirements
PLT427
Regulations
Type Rating
28
Medical Certificate Required
PLT430
Regulations
Flight Altitude
VFR
Regulations
Minimum Safe Altitude
Congested Areas
Regulations
Definition
Regulations
Other Than Congested Areas
PLT435
Airport Operations
Communications
CTAF
Airport Operations
Communications
Multicom
Airport Operations
Communications
PLT437
Regulations
Equipment
PLT442
Regulations
Pilot in Command
Unicom Frequency
Regulations
Currency Requirements
Private Pilot
Over Water
Recent Flight Experience
PLT445
Regulations
Pre-Flight
Requirements
PLT447
Regulations
Medical Certificate
Validity Period
PLT448
Regulations
14CFR Part 61
Change of Address
Regulations
14CFR Part 61
Suspended / Revoked
Regulations
FAA Certificates
Change of Address
Regulations
FAA Certificates
Rec Pilot Privileges
Regulations
Student Certificate
Limitations

Regulations
FAA Certificates
Safety Pilot Requirements
PLT455
Navigation
Closing VFR / DVR Flight Plans
Pilotage
PLT457
Regulations
Student Certificate
Limitations
Regulations
Student Pilot
PLT467
Regulations
Class B Airspace
Endorsements
Regulations
VFR
Student Pilot Requirements
Flight Altitude
PLT477
Limitations
Airspeeds
PLT480
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Negative Static Stability
PLT482
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Knowledge Test Authorization
PLT484
Regulations
14CFR Part 1
Vs
PLT492
Weather
Meteorology
Clouds
Weather
Meteorology
Temperature
PLT493
Weather
Hazardous
Icing
29
PLT495
Weather
Hazardous
Thunderstorms
PLT497
Aircraft Systems
Avionics
Aircraft Codes
PLT501
Weather
Hazardous
Mountain Flying
Weather
Meteorology
Unstable Air
PLT502
Regulations
14CFR Part 91
ATC Light Signals
Regulations
14CFR Part 91
Light Signal - Aircraft on Ground
Regulations
Universal Signals
Control Tower Signals
PLT508
Regulations
14CFR Part 91
91. 413 ( a )
PLT509
Airport Operations
Wake Turbulence
Separation
Airport Operations
Wake Turbulence
PLT511
Weather
Meteorology
Air Masses
Weather
Meteorology
Fronts
PLT512
Weather
Meteorology
Moisture
PLT516
Weather
Meteorology
Air Masses
Weather
Meteorology
Atmospheric Pressure
Weather
PLT517
Weather
PLT518
Weather
Meteorology
Circulation
Meteorology
Hazardous
Turbulence
Weather
Hazardous
Windshear
30
31
Ground Instructor Advanced (AGI)

Sample Questions
32
GROUND INSTRUCTOR ADVANCED (AGI)

Answer: B.

Answer: A.
Learning Statement: Recall aircraft performance -instrument
markings/airspeed/definitions/indications.
Answer: B.
performance?
Answer: C.

Answer: A.
33

ADVANCED GROUND INSTRUCTOR (AGI) KNOWLEDGE TEST
Topic
Content
Specific
PLT001
Computations
PLT004
Charts
PLT008
Charts
Determining Ground Roll
PLT012
Navigation
Radio
ADF / NDB

Computations
Basic Calculations
Computations
Computations
Determing Takeoff Distance
Computations
Determining Landing Distance
Limitations
Basic Calculations
Navigation
Dead Reckoning
Calculations
Navigation
Pilotage
Calculations
PLT013
Charts
PLT014
Navigation
Radio
ADF / NDB

Navigation
Radio
PLT015
Navigation
Dead Reckoning
PLT018
Aerodynamics
Load Factor
Aerodynamics
VOR
Calculations

Pitch Attitude
PLT021
Weight and Balance
Aircraft Loading
Shifting Weight
Weight and Balance
Computations
Center of Gravity

Weight and Balance
Aircraft Loading
Shifting Weight
Weight and Balance
Weight & Balance Diagram
Aircraft Loading
Weight and Balance

Center of Gravity
PLT022
Human Factors
ADM
PLT023
Weather
Computations
Risk Elements
Meteorology
Density Altitude
PLT025
Aerodynamics
Physics
PLT034
Regulations
14CFR Part 1
Definition
PLT037
Weather
34
PLT040
Airspace
Controlled
Class C
PLT044
Airspace
Procedures
Communications
PLT046
Aerodynamics
Drag
PLT059
Weather

Weather
PLT061
Weather
PLT063
Weather
Pilot Reports
Radar Summary Chart
Weather
Charts / Maps
PLT064
Airspace
Controlled
Class B
Airspace
Controlled
Class C
Airspace
Controlled
Class D
Airspace
Controlled
Class E
Airspace
Controlled
Equipment Required
Airspace
Special Use
Alert Areas

Navigation
Pilotage
PLT066
Weather
Charts / Maps
PLT068
Weather
Weather
Charts / Maps
Aeronautical Charts
Data Interpretation
PLT070
Weather
Charts / Maps
Stability Chart
PLT071
Weather
Charts / Maps
PLT072
Weather
Data Interpretation
Weather
TAF
PLT074
Charts
Limitations
PLT075
Weather
Charts / Maps
PLT076
Weather
Airspeeds
Weather
Charts / Maps
PLT078
Airport Operations
Tower Controlled
Tower Hours of Operation
Navigation
Pilotage
Airport / Facility Directory
Publications
Airport Facility Directory
Directory Legend
35
Data Dissemination
PLT081
Weather
Weather
Data Dissemination
PLT086
FAA-H-8083-21 - Helicopter Flying Handbook
Aerodynamics
PLT090
Navigation
Radio
RMI (Radio Magnetic Indicator)
PLT091
Navigation
ADF / NDB
Radio

Navigation
Radio
ADF / NDB

Navigation
Radio
PLT095
Aircraft Systems
Propeller
PLT096
Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
PLT098
Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
ADF / NDB
Slipstream
Physiological
Fitness for Flight
PLT101
Navigation
Pilotage
Measurement of Direction
PLT103
Human Factors
ADM
Hazardous Attitude
PLT112
Airport Operations
Taxiing
Control Positioning
PLT113
Regulations
PLT116
Airport Operations
Communications
Flight Service Stations
Airport Operations
Wake Turbulence
Navigation
Pilotage
PLT118
Aircraft Systems
Flight Instruments
PLT119
Flight Operations
Approach
PLT123
Regulations
VFR Flight Plan
PLT126
Aircraft Systems
Environmental
PLT127
Weather
Meteorology
PLT131
Atmospheric Effects
PLT132
Regulations
14CFR Part 1
Limitations
Change in Proposed Departure Time
Heading Indicator
Collision Avoidance
Density Altitude
Ground Effect
Means Minimum Takeoff Safety Speed

Airspeeds
36
PLT141
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Entrance to Runway
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Entry Prohibited
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Hold Position Markings
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Runway
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Runway Exit Sign
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
PLT146
Airport Operations
Traffic Patterns
PLT147
Airport Operations
Lighting
PLT161
Regulations
Airspace Classes
Taxiway
Regulations
Airspace Classes
Regulations
Airspace Classes
VFR Requirements
Regulations
Airspace Classes
Regulations
Class B Airspace
Regulations
Class D Airspace
Regulations
Weather Minimums
Special VFR

Airspace
Controlled
Class A
Airspace
Controlled
Class C
Airspace
Controlled
Class D
Airspace
Controlled
Class E
Airspace
Controlled
Communications
Segmented Circle
VASI
Limitations
PLT162
Regulations
Airspace Classes
Regulations
Class B Airspace
PLT163
Regulations
14CFR Part 91
Regulations
14CFR Part 91
PLT165
Aircraft Systems
Pitot / Static
PLT168
Aerodynamics
Special VFR Weather Minimums
Aerodynamics
Pitch Attitude
Aerodynamics
Stalls

Aerodynamics
Stalls
PLT173
Weather
Stability
Meteorology
Altimeter
PLT190
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
Carburetor Icing
PLT191
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
Carburetor Systems
PLT192
Weather
Hazardous
Thunderstorms
Weather
Meteorology
Air Masses
Weather
Meteorology
Clouds
37
PLT194
Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
Visual Illusions
PLT196
Airport Operations
Tower Controlled
ATIS
PLT198
Navigation
Dead Reckoning
Calculations
PLT202
Navigation
Radio
VOR
PLT206
Weather
Meteorology
Density Altitude
PLT207
Aircraft Systems
Electrical
PLT208
Regulations
Equipment
Locator Transmitter
PLT214
Aerodynamics
Subsonic Planform

Aerodynamics
Load Factor
Maneuvering Speed

Aerodynamics
PLT215
Aircraft Systems
Flight Instruments
Acceleration Error
Aircraft Systems
Flight Instruments
Compass
Aircraft Systems
Flight Instruments
Deviation Error
PLT219
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Basic
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
PLT225
Navigation
Pilotage
PLT226
Weather
Meteorology
PLT232
Human Factors
ADM
Ground Reference
Human Factors
Risk Management
Aircraft Suffixes
Fog
Hazardous Attitude
ADM
PLT234
Aerodynamics
Axes
PLT235
Aerodynamics
Definition
Aerodynamics
PLT236
Aerodynamics
Airfoil Design
Aerodynamics
Aerodynamics
PLT237
Aerodynamics
Aerodynamics
Lift
Aerodynamics
Physics
38
PLT238
Aerodynamics
Definition
PLT240
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Stability and Balance Control
Weight and Balance
Stability
Center of Gravity

Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Aft CG
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Indicated Airspeed
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Performance Characteristics
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Stall and Spin Recovery
PLT242
Aerodynamics
Aerodynamics
PLT244
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Divergent Oscillations
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Rolling
PLT245
Aerodynamics
Spins
PLT246
Aerodynamics
PLT248
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Basic
PLT249
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
Mixture Control
PLT253
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
Fuel Injection System
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
Fuel Selectors
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
Mixture Control
PLT255
Aircraft Systems
Fuel / Oil
Grounding
PLT258
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Ground Reference
PLT276
Navigation
Radio
VOR
PLT282
14 CFR part 121 Operating Requirements: Domestic, Flag, and Supplemental Operations
Regulations
Documentation
Certificate Holder`s Manual
PLT287
Weather
Charts / Maps
PLT289
Weather
Charts / Maps
PLT290
Weather
Data Dissemination
PLT291
Weather
Weather
Data Dissemination
39
PLT300
Navigation
Radio
VOR
Navigation
Radio
VORTAC
Navigation
Radio
PLT301
Weather
Meteorology
PLT305
Aerodynamics
VOT
Aircraft Systems
Flaps
Flight Controls / Secondary
Temperature
Pitch Attitude
PLT311
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Turns
PLT316
Weather
Meteorology
National Weather Service Aviation Products
PLT317
Weather
Hazardous
Microburst
PLT320
Navigation
Dead Reckoning
Calculations
PLT322
Navigation
Radio
VOR
PLT324
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
Oil System
PLT326
AC 61-107 - Operations of Aircraft at Altitudes Above 25,000 Feet MSL and/or MACH numbers (Mmo) Greate Aircraft Systems
Environmental
Oxygen Systems
PLT330
Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
Physiological
PLT331
Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
Smoking
PLT332
Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
Physiological
PLT337
Aircraft Systems
Pitot / Static
Blockage

Aircraft Systems
Pitot / Static
Airspeed Indicator
Aircraft Systems
Installation Error
Pitot / Static
PLT343
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
Cooling
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
PLT346
Aerodynamics
PLT351
Aircraft Systems
Propeller
High Altitude Performance
Aircraft Systems
Propeller
Aircraft Systems
Propeller
Effective Pitch
Aircraft Systems
Propeller
PLT353
Weather
40
Blade Angle
Propeller Slippage
Interpret
PLT366
Regulations
NTSB Part 830
Reporting
PLT372
Regulations
100 Hour Inspection
PLT373
Regulations
Documentation
PLT374
Regulations
Responsibilities
PLT377
Regulations
Documentation
PLT384
Regulations
Pilot in Command
PLT386
Regulations
Student Certificate
Expiration
PLT388
14 CFR part 121 Operating Requirements: Domestic, Flag, and Supplemental Operations
Regulations
Documentation
Cockpit Voice Recorder
PLT393
Airspace
Communications
Restricted Airspace
Airspace
Special Use
Military Training Route
Airspace
Special Use
MOA
Airspace
Special Use
Warning Areas
PLT395
Regulations
14CFR Part 1
Crewmember

Regulations
NTSB Part 830
Definition
PLT399
Regulations
Documentation
PLT404
Regulations
Equipment
Locator Transmitter
PLT405
Regulations
Eligibility
Practical Test
Regulations
Application During Suspension
Flight Instructor

Regulations
Equipment
Minimum Equipment List
PLT407
Regulations
Additional Category Ratings
Requirements
Regulations
Flight Review
Proficiency Check
Regulations
Operating Pressurized Aircraft
Training Requirements
Regulations
Type Rating
Additional Training
PLT409
Regulations
Second in Command
Logging Flight Time
PLT411
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Restrictions
PLT413
Regulations
Fuel

Charts
Fuel consumption
41
PLT415
Regulations
14CFR Part 91
Preflight Action
PLT416
Regulations
NTSB Part 830
Definition
Regulations
Reporting
NTSB Part 830
PLT418
Regulations
14CFR Part 61
Regulations
FAA Certificates
Advanced/Basic Ground Instructor Limitations
Regulations
Student Pilot
PLT425
Regulations
PLT427
Regulations
Type Rating
PLT430
Regulations
Flight Altitude
VFR
Regulations
Congested Areas
Regulations
Definition
Regulations
PLT432
Regulations
14CFR Part 1
Operational Control
PLT435
Airport Operations
CTAF
Communications
Airport Operations
Communications
PLT438
Regulations
Pressure Altitude
PLT442
Regulations
Pilot in Command
PLT443
Regulations
14CFR Part 61
PLT444
Regulations
Pilot in Command
PLT445
Regulations
Pre-Flight
PLT447
Regulations
Medical Certificate
PLT448
Regulations
14CFR Part 61
Multicom
Regulations
14CFR Part 61
Suspended / Revoked
Regulations
FAA Certificates
Change of Address
PLT455
Navigation
Pilotage
PLT457
Regulations
14CFR Part 61
Regulations
Student Pilot
PLT461
Regulations
14CFR Part 91
Supplemental Oxygen
Flight Review
Emergency Responsibility
Requirements
Validity Period
Change of Address
Fight Instructor Records

Endorsements
Aircraft Lights
42
PLT463
Regulations
FAA Certificates
Suspension / Revocation

Regulations
Alcohol / Drugs
Crewmember Responsibility
Regulations
Passenger Limitations
Alcohol / Drugs
PLT467
Regulations
Class B Airspace
Regulations
VFR
Flight Altitude
PLT473
Aircraft Systems
Flaps
PLT477
Aerodynamics
Longitudinal Stability
PLT480
Aerodynamics
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
PLT482
Regulations
Flight Instructor
PLT492
Weather
Meteorology
Weather
Meteorology
Pressure
Weather
PLT495
Weather
PLT497
Aircraft Systems
PLT501
Weather
Meteorology
Temperature
Hazardous
Thunderstorms
Avionics
Aircraft Codes
Hazardous
Mountain Flying
Weather
Meteorology
Unstable Air
Clouds
PLT502
Regulations
14CFR Part 91
ATC Light Signals
Regulations
Universal Signals
PLT503
Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
Alcohol
PLT508
Regulations
14CFR Part 91
91. 413 ( a )
PLT509
Airport Operations
Wake Turbulence
Separation
Airport Operations
PLT510
Weather
PLT511
Weather
Wake Turbulence
Meteorology
Circulation
Hazardous
Icing
Weather
Meteorology
Air Masses
Weather
Meteorology
Fronts
PLT512
Weather
Meteorology
Moisture
43
PLT516
Weather
Meteorology
Weather
Meteorology
Circulation
PLT517
Weather
Meteorology
PLT518
Weather
Hazardous
Windshear
44
45
Flight Instructor Airplane (FIA)

Sample Questions
46
FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR AIRPLANE (FIA)

Answer: B.
Answer: A.
Learning Statement: Recall aircraft performanceinstrument
marking/airspeed/definitions/indications.
Answer: B.
performance?
Answer: C.
Answer: A.
47

FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR AIRPLANE (FIA) KNOWLEDGE TEST
Topic
Content
Specific
PLT001
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
PLT012
Navigation
Radio
Positive Stability
ADF / NDB

Computations
Basic Calculations
Navigation
Dead Reckoning
Calculations
Navigation
Pilotage
Calculations
PLT013
Charts
PLT014
Navigation
Radio
ADF / NDB

Navigation
Radio
PLT015
Navigation
Dead Reckoning
PLT018
Aerodynamics
Load Factor
VOR
Calculations
Effect of Bank Angle on Stall Speed
Aerodynamics
Load Factor
Aerodynamics
Pitch Attitude
PLT021
Weight and Balance
Center of Gravity
Computations
Weight and Balance
Shifting Weight
Center of Gravity

Weight and Balance
Aircraft Loading
Shifting Weight
Weight and Balance
Aircraft Loading
Weight and Balance
Center of Gravity
Shifting Weight
PLT022
Human Factors
ADM
Risk Elements
Human Factors
ADM
PLT037
Weather
Risk Management
R
PLT040
Airspace
Controlled
Class C
PLT041
Weather
Meteorology
Pressure
PLT046
Aerodynamics
Drag
PLT052
Regulations
Airspace Classes
Class E Airspace
PLT059
Weather
PLT063
Weather
Radar Summary Chart
48
PLT064
Regulations
Airspace Classes
Aeronautical Chart User`s Guide FAA Aero Nav Services

Publications
Aeronautical Charts
Sectionals

Airspace
Controlled
Class B
Airspace
Controlled
Class C
Airspace
Controlled
Class D
Airspace
Controlled
Class E
Airspace
Controlled
Equipment Required

Navigation
Pilotage
Aeronautical Charts
PLT066
Weather
Charts / Maps
PLT068
Weather
Charts / Maps
PLT071
Weather
Charts / Maps
PLT072
Weather
PLT074
Charts
PLT075
Weather
Charts / Maps
PLT076
Weather
Weather
Charts / Maps
Data Interpretation
Data Dissemination
PLT081
Weather
Data Dissemination
PLT086
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Basic

Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Advanced
Flight Operations
Ground Reference
Maneuvers
PLT090
Navigation
Radio
PLT091
Navigation
Radio
ADF / NDB
PLT095
Aircraft Systems
Propeller
Slipstream
PLT096
Human Factors
Physiological
Aeromedical Factors
PLT103
Human Factors
ADM
Hazardous Attitude
PLT112
Aerodynamics
Stall / Spins
Spin Recovery
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Advanced
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Basic
49
PLT113
Regulations
14CFR Part 1
PLT116
Airport Operations
Communications
Airport Operations
Wake Turbulence
PLT124
Atmospheric Effects

Computations
PLT131
Atmospheric Effects
Ground Effect
PLT132
Limitations
Flight Instruments

Limitations
Airspeeds
Limitations
Effect of CG Location
PLT141
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Direction to Takeoff Runway(s)
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Entrance to Runway
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Runway
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Runway Exit
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Runway Exit Sign
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Taxiway
PLT146
Regulations
Class D Airspace
Minimum Altitudes
PLT147
Airport Operations
VASI
Lighting
PLT161
Regulations
Airspace Classes
Regulations
Airspace Classes
Regulations
Class B Airspace
Regulations
Class D Airspace
Communications
Regulations
Class D Airspace

Airspace
Controlled
Class A
Airspace
Controlled
Communications
PLT162
Regulations
Class B Airspace
PLT163
Regulations
Weather Minimums
Special VFR
Regulations
Weather Minimums
PLT167
Aircraft Systems
Pitot / Static
PLT168
Aerodynamics
Visibility
Aerodynamics
Pitch Attitude
Aerodynamics
Stalls

Aerodynamics
Stalls
50
Altimeter
Lift
PLT170
Flight Operations
Approach
Normal Approach / Landing
Flight Operations
Roundout (Flare)
Landing
Flight Operations
Landing
PLT190
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
PLT192
Weather
Hazardous
Short-Field Approach / Landing
Weather
Meteorology
Air Masses
Weather
Meteorology
Clouds
PLT194
Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
Visual Illusions
Carburetor Icing
Thunderstorms
PLT195
Flight Operations
Approach
PLT198
Navigation
Dead Reckoning
Calculations
PLT206
Weather
Meteorology
PLT208
Regulations
Equipment
Density Altitude
Locator Transmitter

Aircraft Systems
Flight Instruments
Attitude Instrument Flying
PLT214
Aerodynamics
Load Factor
Maneuvering Speed

Aerodynamics
PLT215
Aircraft Systems
Flight Instruments
Compass
PLT218
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Basic
Flight Operations
Stalls / Spins
Maneuvers
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
PLT219
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Turns
Basic

Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Advanced
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Basic
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Ground Reference
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Skids / Slips
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Stalls / Spins
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Turns
PLT221
Flight Operations
Landing
PLT222
Flight Operations
Emergency Procedures
Approach / Landing
51
PLT223
Limitations
Airspeeds
Aircraft Systems
Performance Loss
Powerplant
Flight Operations
Positive Aircraft Control
PLT225
Navigation
Pilotage
PLT226
Weather
Meteorology
PLT232
Human Factors
ADM
PLT235
Aerodynamics
PLT236
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
PLT237
Aerodynamics
PLT238
Aerodynamics
VMC
Aircraft Suffixes
Fog
Hazardous Attitude
Aspect Ratio
PLT240
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Adverse Balance
Aerodynamics
Destabilizing Effect
Stability / Control
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
PLT241
Aerodynamics
PLT242
Aerodynamics

Aerodynamics
PLT244
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Spiral Instability
Flight Operations
Landing
PLT245
Aerodynamics
Aerodynamics
Spins
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Stalls / Spins
Accelerated Stall
PLT248
Aerodynamics
Turns
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
PLT249
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
PLT253
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
Basic
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
Fuel Selectors
PLT258
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Mixture Control
Exhaust Gas Temperature Gauge
Ground Reference
52
PLT263
Weather
Meteorology
Fog
PLT270
Human Factors
ADM
Judgment
PLT276
Navigation
Radio
VOR
PLT278
Aircraft Systems
Flight Instruments
PLT289
Weather
Charts / Maps
PLT290
Weather
Data Dissemination
PLT291
Weather
Weather
Data Dissemination
PLT295
AC 61-67 - Stall Spin Awareness Training
Instructor Responsibilities / Professionalism Demo stalls
Distractions
PLT300
Navigation
Radio
VOR
Navigation
Radio
VORTAC
Navigation
Radio
VOT
PLT301
Weather
Meteorology
Temperature
PLT305
Aircraft Systems
Flaps
PLT311
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Turns
PLT312
Limitations
Airspeeds
PLT317
Weather
Microburst
Hazardous
PLT320
Navigation
Dead Reckoning
Calculations
PLT322
Navigation
VORTAC
Radio

Navigation
Radio
PLT323
Navigation
Pilotage
PLT324
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
PLT330
Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
53
VOR
NOTAMS
Oil System
Physiological
PLT331
Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
Smoking
PLT336
Aircraft Systems
Pitot / Static
Altimeter
PLT337
Aircraft Systems
Pitot / Static
Airspeed Indicator
Aircraft Systems
Installation Error
Pitot / Static
PLT343
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
PLT346
Aerodynamics

Aerodynamics
PLT347
Aircraft Systems
Propeller
The Critical Engine
PLT351
Aircraft Systems
Propeller
Geometric Pitch
Aircraft Systems
Propeller
PLT353
Weather
PLT366
Regulations
NTSB Part 830
PLT370
Flight Operations
Collision Avoidance
PLT373
Regulations
Documentation
PLT374
Regulations
PLT386
Regulations
14CFR Part 61
Propeller Efficiency
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Certificate Renewal / Duration
Regulations
Student Certificate
Issuing Authority
PLT393
Airspace
Special Use
MOA
Airspace
Special Use
PLT399
Regulations
Documentation
PLT405
Regulations
Student Pilot
Interpret
Reporting
Ground Track
Responsibilities
Regulatory Requirement(s)
Warning Areas
Eligibility

Regulations
Equipment
PLT406
Regulations
Equipment
Inoperative
54
PLT407
Regulations
Eligibility
Flight Time
Regulations
Eligibility
Practical Test
Regulations
Flight Review
Proficiency Check
Regulations
Flight Training
Previous Foreign Instruction
Regulations
Flight Training
Towing Gliders
Regulations
Type Rating
PLT409
Regulations
14CFR Part 61
Additional Training
Regulations
Flight Time
Eligibility
Eligibility
PLT411
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Endorsements
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Limitations
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Qualifications
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Requirements
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Training
PLT413
Charts
PLT415
Regulations
14CFR Part 91
PLT416
Regulations
NTSB Part 830
PLT418
Regulations
Flight Instructor
PLT419
Regulations
Eligibility
Fuel consumption
Preflight Action
Reporting
Endorsements
Stall / Spin Proficiency
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Endorsements
PLT425
Regulations
Documentation
PLT430
Regulations
Flight Altitude
VFR
Regulations
PLT435
Airport Operations
Communications
PLT438
Regulations
Pressure Altitude
PLT442
Regulations
Flight Review
PLT443
Regulations
Type Rating
PLT447
Regulations
14CFR Part 61
55
Definition
Multicom
Supplemental Oxygen
Duration of Medical Certificate
PLT448
Instructor Resources
Regulations
Student Certificate
Endorsements
Regulations
Student Certificate
Expiration
Regulations
Student Certificate
Limitations

Regulations
FAA Certificates
PLT451
Regulations
Requirements
Regulations
Commercial Pilot
Limitations
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Requirements
Regulations
Student Pilot
Experience Requirements
PLT455
Navigation
Pilotage
PLT457
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Endorsements
Regulations
Student Certificate
Limitations
Regulations
Student Pilot
PLT460
Regulations
Student Pilot
Endorsements
Solo Requirements
PLT467
Regulations
Class B Airspace
PLT477
Aerodynamics
Longitudinal Stability
Airspeeds
Limitations

Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Stalls / Spins
Instructor Responsibilities / Professionalism Demo stalls
PLT480
Aerodynamics
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Basic Concepts of Stability
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
PLT482
Regulations
Eligibility
Regulations
Flight Instructor
PLT484
Regulations
14CFR Part 1
PLT486
Flight Operations
Takeoff
PLT487
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
PLT492
Weather
Meteorology
PLT493
Weather
Hazardous
Practical Test
Student Evaluation
Vs
Soft Field
Basic
Temperature
Icing
56
PLT495
Weather
Hazardous
Thunderstorms
PLT501
Weather
Meteorology
Unstable Air
PLT503
Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
Alcohol
PLT509
Airport Operations
Wake Turbulence
PLT510
Weather
Meteorology
Circulation
PLT511
Weather
Meteorology
Air Masses
Weather
Meteorology
Fronts
PLT516
Weather
Meteorology
Air Masses
PLT518
Weather
Hazardous
Turbulence

Weather
Meteorology
Microburst
57
Flight Instructor Rotorcraft Helicopter (FRH)

Sample Questions
58
FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR ROTORCRAFT HELICOPTER (FRH)

1. During flight, if you apply cyclic control pressure which results in a decrease in pitch
angle of the rotor blades at a position approximately 90 to your left, the rotor disc will tilt
Aaft.
Bleft.
Cright.
Answer: A.
Learning Statement: Recall cyclic control pressurecharacteristics.
2.
Rotor blade-flapping action is
Aan undesirable reaction to changes in airspeed and blade angle of attack.

Ban aerodynamic reaction to high speed flight and cannot be controlled by the pilot.
Ca design feature permitting continual changes in the rotor blade angle of attack,
compensating for dissymmetry of lift.
Answer: C.
Learning Statement: Recall rotor systemtypes/components/operating
principles/characteristics.
3. The forward speed of a rotorcraft is restricted primarily by

Adissymmetry of lift.
Btransverse flow effect.
Chigh-frequency vibrations.
Answer: A.
4. How does temperature and weight affect the VNE of a helicopter?
AVNE increases as temperature and weight increase.
BVNE decreases as temperature and weight increase.
CVNE decreases as temperature increases and weight decreases.
Answer: B.
Learning Statement: Recall aircraft performanceairspeed.
5. Performance of a helicopter can be determined by
Aknowing the density altitude, gross weight, and surface wind.
Bthe formula pi times the rotor diameter divided by the blade area.
Cthe highest altitude that can be maintained in a hover following liftoff.
Answer: A.
59
LIST OF REFERENCE MATERIALS SPECIFIC TO THE FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR

ROTORCRAFT HELICOPTER (FRH) KNOWLEDGE TEST
Topic
Content
Specific
PLT005
Computations
PLT008
Flight Operations
Landing
Slope Landing
PLT012
Navigation
Radio
ADF / NDB

Computations
Basic Calculations
Navigation
Calculations
Dead Reckoning
PLT014
Navigation
Radio
ADF / NDB

Navigation
Radio
VOR
PLT015
Navigation
Dead Reckoning
Calculations
PLT021
Weight and Balance
Aircraft Loading
Shifting Weight
Weight and Balance
Center of Gravity
Computations
Weight and Balance
Center of Gravity
Shifting Weight

Weight and Balance
Aircraft Loading
Weight and Balance
Aircraft Loading
PLT022
Human Factors
ADM
PLT023
Weather
Meteorology
PLT035
Limitations
PLT037
Weather
Shifting Weight
Risk Management
Density Altitude
Airspeeds
R
PLT040
Airspace
Controlled
Class C
PLT051
Weather
Data Interpretation
PLT052
Regulations
Airspace Classes
Class E Airspace
PLT059
Weather

Weather
PLT061
Weather
60
Pilot Reports
PLT063
Weather
Radar Summary Chart
Weather
Charts / Maps
PLT064
Publications
Aeronautical Charts
Sectionals

Airspace
Controlled
Class B
Airspace
Controlled
Class C
Airspace
Controlled
Class D
Airspace
Controlled
Class E
Airspace
Controlled
Equipment Required
Airspace
Special Use
Alert Areas

Navigation
Pilotage
Aeronautical Charts
PLT066
Weather
Charts / Maps
PLT068
Weather
Data Interpretation
Weather
Charts / Maps
PLT071
Weather
Charts / Maps
PLT072
Weather
Data Interpretation
Weather
TAF
PLT075
Weather
Charts / Maps
PLT076
Weather
Data Dissemination
Weather
Charts / Maps
PLT078
Publications
PLT081
Weather
Weather
Data Dissemination
Directory Legend
PLT086
Aerodynamics
PLT090
Navigation
Radio
PLT091
Navigation
Radio
ADF / NDB
PLT101
Navigation
Pilotage
PLT103
Human Factors
ADM
Hazardous Attitude
PLT104
FAA-H-8083-2 - Risk Management Handbook
Human Factors
ADM
Risk Management
61
PLT112
Airport Operations
Taxiing
Collective Pitch
Flight Operations
Basic
Maneuvers
PLT115
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
Mixture Control
PLT116
Airport Operations
Communications
Navigation
Pilotage
PLT123
Regulations
VFR Flight Plan
PLT124
Atmospheric Effects
PLT125
Flight Operations
PLT127
Weather
Meteorology
Autorotation
Density Altitude

Atmospheric Effects
PLT129
Flight Operations
Landing
PLT131
Atmospheric Effects
PLT141
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Slope Operations
Ground Effect
Heliport Markings
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Hold Position
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
ILS
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Prohibited Entry
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Runway Exit
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Taxiway
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
PLT146
Airport Operations
Traffic Patterns
Segmented Circle
PLT161
Regulations
Airspace Classes
Regulations
Airspace Classes
Limitations
Regulations
Airspace Classes
Regulations
Class B Airspace
Regulations
Class D Airspace
Communications
Regulations
Class D Airspace
Regulations
Weather Minimums
Special VFR

Airspace
Controlled
Class C
Airspace
Controlled
Class D
Airspace
Controlled
Class E
Airspace
Controlled
Communications
PLT162
Airspace
Uncontrolled
Class D Airspace
62
PLT163
Regulations
14CFR Part 91
Regulations
Airspace Classes
PLT168
Aerodynamics
PLT170
Flight Operations
Landing
Running Landing
Flight Operations
Advanced
Maneuvers

Flight Operations
Approach
Go Around
PLT173
Weather
Stability
Meteorology
PLT175
Aerodynamics
Flight Characteristics
Physics
Aerodynamics
Helicopter Emergencies

Flight Operations
Autorotation
PLT186
Aircraft Systems
Flight Instruments
PLT190
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
PLT191
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
PLT192
Weather
Hazardous
Carburetor Icing
Carburetor Systems
Thunderstorms
Weather
Meteorology
Air Masses
Weather
Meteorology
Clouds
PLT194
Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
Fitness for Flight
Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
PLT196
Airport Operations
Tower Controlled
PLT197
Aerodynamics
PLT198
Navigation
Dead Reckoning
PLT202
Navigation
Radio
PLT206
Weather
Meteorology
Visual Illusions
ATIS
Coriolis Effect
Calculations
DME
Density Altitude

Atmospheric Effects
PLT208
Flight Operations
Autorotation
Flight Operations
Takeoff

Navigation
Dead Reckoning
63
Calculations
PLT215
Aircraft Systems
Flight Instruments
Compass
PLT217
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Advanced
PLT219
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Basic
Flight Operations
Turns
Maneuvers

Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Ground Reference
PLT222
Flight Operations
Approach / Landing
PLT225
Navigation
Pilotage
Aircraft Suffixes
PLT226
Weather
Meteorology
Fog
PLT236
Aerodynamics
Airfoil

Aerodynamics
PLT237
Aerodynamics
Lift
PLT240
Weight and Balance
Center of Gravity
Critical Aft CG

Weight and Balance
Center of Gravity
Aft CG
Weight and Balance
Center of Gravity
Center of Gravity Location
Weight and Balance
Center of Gravity
Insufficient Forward Cyclic Control
PLT241
Aerodynamics
PLT242
Aerodynamics
Dissymmetry of Lift
Aerodynamics
Translational Lift

Aerodynamics
Aerodynamics
PLT248
Aerodynamics
PLT249
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
PLT253
Aircraft Systems
Fuel / Oil
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
Exhaust Gas Temperature Gauge
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
Fuel Selectors
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
Mixture Control
PLT258
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Level Turns
Mixture Control
Ground Reference
64
PLT259
Aerodynamics
Physics
PLT261
Weather
Hazardous
Thunderstorms
PLT263
Weather
Meteorology
Fog
PLT264
Flight Operations
Recovery / Settling with Power
Flight Operations
Settling-With-Power
PLT268
Flight Operations
Approach
Hovering
PLT271
Human Factors
ADM
Risk Management
PLT272
Human Factors
ADM
Judgment
PLT276
Navigation
Radio
PLT277
Regulations
Aircraft Lights
PLT278
Aircraft Systems
Flight Instruments
PLT287
Weather
Charts / Maps
PLT289
Weather
Charts / Maps
PLT290
Weather
PLT291
Weather
Weather
VOR
Data Dissemination

Data Dissemination
PLT295
Distractions
PLT300
Navigation
Radio
VOR
Navigation
Radio
VORTAC
Navigation
Radio
PLT301
Weather
Meteorology
PLT309
Aerodynamics
PLT311
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
PLT316
Weather
Meteorology
VOT
Temperature
Load Factor
Turns
National Weather Service Aviation Products
65
PLT317
Weather
Hazardous
Microburst
Weather
Meteorology
Microburst
PLT320
Navigation
Dead Reckoning
Calculations
PLT322
Navigation
VORTAC
Radio

Navigation
Radio
VOR
PLT331
Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
Smoking
PLT332
Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
Physiological
PLT336
Aircraft Systems
Pitot / Static
Altimeter

Flight Operations
Approach
Hovering
Flight Operations
Slope Operations
Landing
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
PLT337
Aircraft Systems
Pitot / Static
PLT343
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
PLT346
Aerodynamics
Basic
Airspeed Indicator
Cooling

Aerodynamics
PLT349
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Advanced
PLT353
Weather
Interpret
PLT366
Regulations
NTSB Part 830
Reporting
PLT370
Flight Operations
Ground Track
Collision Avoidance
PLT372
Regulations
100 Hour Inspection
Regulations
PLT373
Regulations
Documentation
PLT374
Regulations
PLT386
Regulations
Flight Instructor
66
Documentation
Responsibilities
PLT393
Airspace
Communications
Restricted Airspace
Airspace
Special Use
Airspace
Special Use
MOA
Airspace
Special Use
Warning Areas
PLT395
Regulations
NTSB Part 830
Definition
PLT403
Regulations
14CFR Part 91
Emergency-Priority
PLT405
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Regulations
Eligibility
Student Pilot

Regulations
Airspace Classes
Regulations
Equipment
Regulations
Equipment
PLT407
Regulations
Flight Review
VFR Night Flights
Regulations
Cheating
Proficiency Check
PLT409
Regulations
Commercial Pilot
Logging Flight Time
Regulations
Eligibility
Flight Time
Regulations
Student Pilot
Eligibility
PLT411
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Endorsements
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Requirements
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Training
PLT413
Regulations
Fuel

Charts
PLT414
Regulations
PLT415
Regulations
14CFR Part 91
PLT416
Regulations
NTSB Part 830
Regulations
NTSB Part 830
Fuel consumption
Right of Way
Preflight Action
Definition
Reporting
PLT418
Regulations
14CFR Part 61
Regulations
Endorsements
Flight Instructor
PLT419
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Endorsements
PLT425
Regulations
Documentation
PLT427
Regulations
Type Rating
67
PLT430
Regulations
Congested Areas
Regulations
Definition
Regulations
PLT435
Airport Operations
Helicopter
Communications
CTAF
Airport Operations
Communications
Multicom
Airport Operations
Communications
Unicom Frequency
PLT442
Regulations
Flight Review
Regulations
Pilot in Command
PLT444
Regulations
Pilot in Command
PLT445
Regulations
Pre-Flight
PLT447
Regulations
14CFR Part 61
PLT448
Regulations
14CFR Part 61
Regulations
14CFR Part 61
Suspended / Revoked
Regulations
FAA Certificates
Regulations
Student Certificate
Endorsements
Regulations
Student Certificate
Limitations
Requirements
Currency
PLT451
Regulations
Commercial Pilot
Requirements
PLT457
Regulations
14CFR Part 61
Endorsements
Regulations
14CFR Part 61
Regulations
Student Certificate
Endorsements
Regulations
Student Certificate
Limitations
Regulations
Student Pilot
PLT460
Regulations
Student Pilot
PLT463
Regulations
FAA Certificates
Endorsements
Solo Requirements

Regulations
Alcohol / Drugs
PLT467
Regulations
Class B Airspace
Regulations
Special VFR
Weather Minimums
68
PLT470
Aerodynamics
Autorotation
Aerodynamics
Definition
Aerodynamics
Dissymmetry of Lift
Aerodynamics
Driving Region

Aerodynamics
Blade Tip Stall
Aerodynamics
Coning
Aerodynamics
Coriolis Effect
Aerodynamics
Aerodynamics
Limitations
Aerodynamics
Main Rotor System
Aerodynamics
Physics
Aerodynamics
Rotor Lift
Aerodynamics
Translating Tendency or Drift
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Aircraft Systems
Rotor
Autorotation
Aircraft Systems
Rotor
Vibration
Flight Operations
Autorotation
Flight Operations
Loss of Tail Rotor Effectiveness
Flight Operations
Recovery from Low Rotor RPM
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
PLT471
Aircraft Systems
Transmission
Aircraft Systems
Freewheeling Unit
Engine Starting
Transmission
PLT472
Aerodynamics
Forward Flight

Aerodynamics
Transverse Flow
Aircraft Systems
Improperly Rigged Tail Rotor
Rotor
Aircraft Systems
Transmission
PLT481
Human Factors
ADM
PLT482
Regulations
Eligibility
Vibration
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Student Evaluation
Judgment
Practical Test
PLT486
Flight Operations
Takeoff
Crosswind
PLT492
Weather
Meteorology
Temperature
PLT495
Weather
Hazardous
Thunderstorms
PLT501
Weather
Meteorology
Unstable Air
PLT502
Airport Operations
Tower Controlled
Light Signals
PLT503
Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
Alcohol
69
PLT508
Regulations
14CFR Part 91
91. 413 ( a )
PLT509
Airport Operations
Wake Turbulence
PLT511
Weather
Meteorology
Air Masses
Weather
Meteorology
Fronts
PLT512
Weather
Meteorology
Moisture
PLT516
Weather
Meteorology
Air Masses
Weather
PLT517
Weather
PLT518
Weather
Meteorology
Circulation
Meteorology
Hazardous
Turbulence
Weather
Hazardous
Windshear

Weather
Meteorology
Microburst
70
71
Flight Instructor Rotorcraft Gyroplane (FRG)

Sample Questions
72
FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR ROTORCRAFT GYROPLANE (FRG)

Aaft.
Bleft.
Cright.
Answer: A.
2. Rotor blade-flapping action is
Answer: C.
3.
If the ground wire between the magneto and the ignition switch becomes
disconnected, the most noticeable result will be that the engine
Awill run very rough.
Bcannot be started with the switch in the ON position.
Ccannot be shut down by turning the switch to the OFF position.
Answer: C.
Learning Statement: Recall starter/ignition systemtypes/components/operating
4. When the pilot leans the mixture control, what is being accomplished?
AThe volume of air entering the carburetor is being reduced.
BThe volume of air entering the carburetor is being increased.
CThe amount of fuel entering the combustion chamber is being reduced.
Answer: C.
Learning Statement: Recall fuel systemcomponents/operating

principles/characteristics/leaks.
5. A slightly below glidepath indication on a 2-bar VASI glidepath is indicated by
Atwo red lights over two more red lights.
Btwo white lights over two red lights.
Ctwo red lights over two white lights.
Answer: A.
Learning Statement: Recall airport operationsvisual glide slope indicators.

73

ROTORCRAFT GYROPLANE (FRG) KNOWLEDGE TEST
Topic
Content
Specific
PLT005
Computations
PLT012
Navigation
Radio
ADF / NDB

Computations
Basic Calculations
Navigation
Calculations
Dead Reckoning
Navigation
Pilotage
PLT014
Navigation
Radio
Calculations
ADF / NDB

Navigation
Radio
VOR
PLT015
Navigation
Dead Reckoning
Calculations
PLT021
Weight and Balance
Aircraft Loading
PLT023
Weather
Meteorology
Density Altitude
PLT040
Airspace
Controlled
Class C
PLT041
Weather
Meteorology
Pressure
PLT059
Weather
PLT061
Weather
Pilot Reports
PLT063
Weather
Radar Summary Chart
Weather
Charts / Maps
PLT064
Publications
Aeronautical Charts
Sectionals

Airspace
Controlled
Class B
Airspace
Controlled
Class C
Airspace
Controlled
Class D
Airspace
Controlled
Class E
Airspace
Controlled
Equipment Required
Airspace
Special Use
Alert Areas

Navigation
Pilotage
Aeronautical Charts
PLT068
Weather
Charts / Maps
PLT071
Weather
Charts / Maps
74
PLT072
Weather
Data Interpretation
Weather
TAF
PLT075
Weather
Charts / Maps
PLT076
Weather
Data Dissemination
Weather
PLT078
Airport Operations
Charts / Maps
Tower Controlled
Navigation
Pilotage
PLT081
Weather
Weather
Data Dissemination
PLT091
Navigation
Radio
ADF / NDB

Navigation
Radio
ADF / NDB
PLT095
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Cyclic Control
PLT101
Navigation
Pilotage
PLT103
Human Factors
ADM
Hazardous Attitude
PLT112
Flight Operations
Landing
Crosswind Landing
PLT113
Regulations
PLT116
Airport Operations
Communications
Airport Operations
Wake Turbulence
Navigation
Pilotage
PLT118
Aircraft Systems
Propeller
Gyroscopic Action of the Propeller
PLT119
Flight Operations
Collision Avoidance
Approach
PLT123
Regulations
VFR Flight Plan
PLT124
Atmospheric Effects

Computations
PLT125
Flight Operations
Approach
75
Descents
PLT127
Weather
Meteorology
Density Altitude

Density Altitude

Atmospheric Effects
PLT141
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Heliport Markings
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Hold Position
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Prohibited Entry
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Runway
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Taxiway
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
PLT145
Airport Operations
Lighting
Pilot Controlled Lighting
PLT146
Airport Operations
Traffic Patterns
Segmented Circle
PLT149
Airport Operations
Taxiing
Taxiing Procedures
PLT150
Airport Operations
Traffic Pattern Entry
Traffic Patterns
PLT161
Regulations
Airspace Classes
Limitations
Regulations
Airspace Classes

Airspace
Controlled
Class D
Airspace
Controlled
Class E
Airspace
Controlled
Communications
PLT163
Regulations
14CFR Part 91
PLT165
Aircraft Systems
Pitot / Static
Altimeter
PLT170
Flight Operations
Approach
Flight Operations
Landing
PLT173
Weather
Meteorology
Stability
PLT190
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
Carburetor Icing
PLT192
Weather
Meteorology
Clouds
PLT194
Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
Fitness for Flight
Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
PLT195
Flight Operations
Collision Avoidance
PLT196
Airport Operations
Tower Controlled
Visual Illusions
Pilot`s Role
ATIS
76
PLT198
Navigation
Dead Reckoning
Calculations
PLT206
Weather
Density Altitude
Meteorology
PLT208
Flight Operations
Pilot-Induced Oscillation (PIO)
Flight Operations
Pio / Gyro
PLT213
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Horizontal Stabilizer
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
PLT215
Aircraft Systems
Flight Instruments
Longitudinal
Aircraft Systems
Deviation Error
Flight Instruments
PLT219
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Compass
Basic

Flight Operations
Maneuvers
PLT220
Regulations
Ground Reference
Right of Way
PLT222
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Basic
Flight Operations
Soft Field
Takeoff

Flight Operations
Approach / Landing
PLT226
Weather
Fog
Meteorology
PLT231
Human Factors
ADM
Stress Management
PLT235
Aerodynamics
Buntover
PLT236
Aerodynamics
Airfoil

Aerodynamics
PLT240
Aerodynamics
PLT241
Aerodynamics
PLT242
Aerodynamics
Physics
Dissymmetry of Lift

Aerodynamics
PLT244
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Buntover (Power Pushover)
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Power Pushover
PLT248
Aerodynamics
Level Turns
77
PLT249
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
Mixture Control
PLT251
Aircraft Systems
Condensation
Fuel / Oil
PLT253
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
Mixture Control
PLT258
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Ground Reference
PLT259
Aerodynamics
Physics
PLT260
Aircraft Systems
Rotor
Blade Flap
PLT263
Weather
Fog
Meteorology
PLT270
Human Factors
ADM
Judgment
PLT272
Human Factors
ADM
Judgment
PLT276
Navigation
Radio
VOR
PLT280
Human Factors
Visual Illusions
Aeromedical Factors
PLT287
Weather
Charts / Maps
PLT289
Weather
Charts / Maps
PLT290
Weather
Data Dissemination
PLT291
Weather
Weather
PLT295
PLT300
Navigation
Radio
Data Dissemination
Navigation
Radio
VORTAC
PLT301
Weather
Meteorology
Temperature
Distractions
VOR
PLT309
Aerodynamics
Load Factor
PLT314
Weight and Balance
Center of Gravity
Formulas
PLT317
Weather
Hazardous
Microburst
Weather
Meteorology
Microburst
78
PLT320
Navigation
Dead Reckoning
Calculations
PLT322
Navigation
Radio
VOR
PLT330
Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
Physiological
PLT331
Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
Smoking
PLT332
Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
Physiological
PLT334
Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
Physiological
PLT337
Aircraft Systems
Pitot / Static
Blockage

Aircraft Systems
Pitot / Static
PLT346
Aerodynamics
Airspeed Indicator
PLT353
Weather
Interpret
PLT366
Regulations
NTSB Part 830
Reporting
PLT370
Flight Operations
Ground Track
Collision Avoidance
PLT372
Regulations
100 Hour Inspection
Regulations
Expiration
Regulations
PLT373
Regulations
Documentation
PLT377
Regulations
PLT386
Regulations
Flight Instructor
PLT393
Airspace
Communications
Documentation
Airspace
Special Use
Airspace
Special Use
MOA
Documentation
Restricted Airspace
Airspace
Special Use
PLT405
Regulations
Eligibility
Warning Areas
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Regulations
Student Pilot
Eligibility

Regulations
Equipment
Practical Test
VFR Night Flights
79
PLT407
Regulations
Flight Review
Proficiency Check
Regulations
Cheating
PLT409
Regulations
Commercial Pilot
Logging Flight Time
Regulations
Eligibility
PLT411
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Flight Time
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Endorsements
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Requirements
PLT413
Regulations
Fuel

Charts
Fuel consumption
PLT414
Regulations
Right of Way
PLT415
Regulations
14CFR Part 91
Preflight Action
PLT416
Regulations
NTSB Part 830
Definition
Regulations
NTSB Part 830
PLT418
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Reporting
Regulations
Student Pilot
Endorsements
PLT419
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Endorsements
PLT425
Regulations
Documentation
PLT427
Regulations
Type Rating
PLT430
Regulations
Flight Altitude
VFR
Regulations
Definition
PLT435
Airport Operations
Communications
CTAF
Airport Operations
Communications
PLT442
Regulations
Pilot in Command
PLT445
Regulations
Pre-Flight
PLT447
Regulations
Medical Certificate
PLT448
Regulations
14CFR Part 61
Multicom
Regulations
14CFR Part 61
Suspended / Revoked
Regulations
Student Certificate
Endorsements
Regulations
Student Certificate
Limitations
80
Requirements
Validity Period
Change of Address
PLT451
Regulations
Eligibility
Flight Time
PLT457
Regulations
14CFR Part 61
Regulations
Limitations
Student Certificate
Regulations
Student Pilot
PLT460
Regulations
Student Pilot
PLT463
Regulations
FAA Certificates
PLT470
Aerodynamics
Endorsements
Aerodynamics
Dissymmetry of Lift
Solo Requirements
Blade Tip Stall

Aerodynamics
Blade Tip Stall
Aerodynamics
Coning
Aerodynamics
Aerodynamics
Forward Flight
Aerodynamics
Main Rotor System
Aerodynamics
Negative G Maneuver
Aerodynamics
Physics
Aerodynamics
Prerotation
Aerodynamics
Rotor Force
Aerodynamics
Rotor Lift
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
High Forward Airspeed
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
PLT472
Aircraft Systems
Rotor
PLT480
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Aerodynamics
Positive Dynamic Stability
Stability / Control
Vibration
PLT482
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Regulations
Student Evaluation
Flight Instructor
PLT486
Flight Operations
Takeoff
Soft Field
PLT492
Weather
Meteorology
Clouds
Weather
Meteorology
Pressure
Weather
Meteorology
Temperature
PLT495
Weather
Hazardous
Thunderstorms
PLT502
Airport Operations
Tower Controlled
Light Signals
PLT503
Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
Alcohol
PLT509
Airport Operations
Wake Turbulence
Separation
Airport Operations
Wake Turbulence
81
PLT510
Weather
Meteorology
Circulation
PLT511
Weather
Meteorology
Air Masses
Weather
Meteorology
Fronts
PLT512
Weather
Meteorology
Moisture
PLT516
Weather
Meteorology
Air Masses
Weather
PLT518
Weather
Meteorology
Circulation
Hazardous
Turbulence
Weather
Hazardous
Windshear

Weather
Meteorology
PLT520
Computations
82
Microburst
83
Flight Instructor Glider (FIG)

Sample Questions
84
FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR GLIDER (FIG)

1. Maximum gliding distance of an aircraft is obtained when
Aparasite drag is the least.
Binduced drag and parasite drag are equal.
Cinduced drag equals the coefficient of lift.
Answer: A.
Learning Statement: Recall forces acting on aircraftairspeed/air density/lift/drag.

Answer: B.

Answer: A.
4. The minimum age requirement for the applicant who is seeking a Student Pilot
Certificate limited to glider operations is
A14 years.
B16 years.
C17 years.
Answer: A.
Learning Statement: Recall regulationsstudent pilot endorsements/other endorsements.
5. What normally results from excessive airspeed on final approach?
ABouncing.
BFloating.
CBallooning.
Answer: B.
Learning Statement: Recall approach/landing/taxiing techniques.
85

FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR GLIDER (FIG) KNOWLEDGE TEST
Topic
Content
Specific
PLT005
Computations
PLT008
Flight Operations
Soaring Techniques
Airspeed
PLT012
Computations
Cross-Country Soaring
Flight Operations
Computations
Launch Procedures

Navigation
Dead Reckoning
Calculations
PLT013
Charts
PLT018
Aerodynamics
Load Factor
PLT021
Weight and Balance
Center of Gravity
Formulas

Weight and Balance
Center of Gravity
Winch Tow
PLT022
Human Factors
ADM
Hazardous Attitude
Human Factors
ADM
Risk Elements
PLT023
Weather
Meteorology
Density Altitude
PLT025
Aerodynamics
Physics
PLT037
Weather
Charts / Maps
Current Convective Hazard Forecast
PLT040
Airspace
Controlled
Class C
PLT041
Weather
Meteorology
Pressure
PLT046
Aerodynamics
PLT059
Weather
PLT061
Weather
PLT062
Weather
Drag
Pilot Reports
Soaring forecasts

Weather
Soaring forecasts
Weather
Thermal Soaring
Meteorology
86
PLT064
Airspace
Controlled
Class B
Airspace
Controlled
Class C
Airspace
Controlled
Class D
Airspace
Controlled
Class E
Airspace
Controlled
Equipment Required
Airspace
Special Use
Alert Areas

Navigation
Pilotage
Aeronautical Charts
PLT070
Weather
Charts / Maps
Interpret
Weather
Charts / Maps
PLT071
Weather
Charts / Maps
PLT072
Weather
Stability Chart
Weather
TAF
Data Interpretation
PLT075
Weather
Charts / Maps
PLT076
Weather
Data Dissemination
Weather
PLT078
Airport Operations
Charts / Maps
Runway Conditions
Gradient
Airport Operations
Tower Controlled
Navigation
Pilotage
PLT081
Weather
Weather
PLT086
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
PLT091
Navigation
Radio
PLT098
Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
PLT101
Navigation
Pilotage
Data Dissemination
Navigation
Pilotage
Basic
ADF / NDB
Fitness for Flight
Aeronautical Charts
PLT103
Human Factors
ADM
Hazardous Attitude
PLT113
Regulations
PLT116
Airport Operations
Communications
PLT120
Aerodynamics
Load Factor
87
Maneuvering Speed
PLT127
Atmospheric Effects
PLT131
Atmospheric Effects
Ground Effect
PLT132
Limitations
Airspeeds
PLT134
Flight Operations
Launch Procedures
Tow Plane Criteria
PLT141
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Entry Prohibited
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
ILS
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Runway
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Runway Exit
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Taxiway
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
PLT146
Airport Operations
Traffic Patterns
Segmented Circle
PLT161
Regulations
Airspace Classes
Limitations
Regulations
Airspace Classes
Regulations
Airspace Classes
VFR Requirements
Regulations
Airspace Classes

Airspace
Controlled
Class A
Airspace
Controlled
Class C
Airspace
Controlled
Class D
Airspace
Controlled
Class E
Airspace
Controlled
Communications
PLT162
Airspace
Uncontrolled
Class D Airspace
PLT163
Regulations
14CFR Part 91
Regulations
Airspace Classes
Regulations
Weather Minimums
Visibility
PLT165
Aircraft Systems
Pitot / Static
Altimeter
PLT168
Aerodynamics
Aerodynamics
Lift
Aerodynamics
Pitch Attitude
Aerodynamics
Stalls

Aerodynamics
Stalls
88
PLT170
Flight Operations
Approach
Landing
Flight Operations
Landing
Off-Field Landing
Flight Operations
Soaring Techniques
Approach and Landing

Flight Operations
Approach
Landing
Flight Operations
Landing
Crosswind Approach / Landing
Flight Operations
Landing
Roundout (Flare)
PLT173
Weather
Meteorology
Stability
PLT192
Weather
Hazardous
Thunderstorms
Weather
Meteorology
Air Masses
Weather
Meteorology
PLT194
Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
PLT195
Flight Operations
Approach
PLT198
Navigation
Dead Reckoning
Clouds
Visual Illusions
Calculations
PLT206
Atmospheric Effects
PLT208
Flight Operations
Landing
Emergency Approaches / Landings (Actual)
PLT215
Aircraft Systems
Flight Instruments
Acceleration Error
Aircraft Systems
Compass
Flight Instruments
Aircraft Systems
Flight Instruments
PLT216
Aircraft Systems
Flight Instruments
PLT219
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Deviation Error
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Stalls / Spins
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Turns
Total Energy Compensators
Basic
PLT221
Flight Operations
Landing
PLT222
Atmospheric Effects
PLT226
Weather
Fog
Meteorology
PLT234
Aerodynamics
Axes
PLT235
Aerodynamics
Definition
Aerodynamics
89
PLT236
Aerodynamics
Airfoil Design
Aerodynamics
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
PLT237
Aerodynamics
Aerodynamics
Physics
PLT238
Aerodynamics
Aspect Ratio
Aerodynamics
Definition
PLT240
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control

Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Adverse Balance
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Aft CG
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
PLT241
Aerodynamics
PLT242
Aerodynamics
Aerodynamics
PLT244
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Rolling

Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Spiral Instability
PLT245
Aerodynamics
Stall / Spins
Steep Spiral

Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Spins

Aerodynamics
Accelerated Stall
Aerodynamics
Spins
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Stalls / Spins
PLT248
Aerodynamics
Physics

Aerodynamics
Level Turns
Aerodynamics
Turns
PLT257
Aerodynamics
Lift / Drag Devices
Flight Operations
Soaring Techniques
Airspeed
PLT263
Weather
Meteorology
Fog
PLT276
Navigation
Radio
VOR
PLT277
Regulations
Aircraft Lights
90
PLT278
Aircraft Systems
Pitot / Static
Airspeed Indicator
PLT280
Human Factors
Visual Illusions
Aeromedical Factors
PLT287
Weather
Charts / Maps
PLT289
Weather
Charts / Maps
PLT291
Weather
Weather
Data Dissemination
PLT295
Distractions
PLT301
Weather
Temperature
Meteorology
PLT303
Aerodynamics
Aerodynamics
Physics
PLT304
Flight Operations
Launch Procedures
Auto Launch
Flight Operations
Launch Procedures
Autotow
Flight Operations
Launch Procedures
CG Hook
Flight Operations
Launch Procedures
Computations
Flight Operations
Launch Procedures
Ground Launch
Flight Operations
Launch Procedures
Landing
Flight Operations
Launch Procedures
Tow Ring Strike
Flight Operations
Launch Procedures
Winch Launch
PLT312
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Stalling Speed
PLT314
Weight and Balance
Center of Gravity
Formulas

Flight Operations
Landing
Touchdown
PLT320
Navigation
Dead Reckoning
Calculations
PLT322
Navigation
Radio
VOR
PLT326
AC 61-107 - Operations of Aircraft at Altitudes Above 25,000 Feet MSL and/or MACH numbers (Mmo) Greate
Aircraft Systems
Environmental
Oxygen Systems
PLT328
Weight and Balance
Aircraft Loading
Ballast
PLT330
Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
Physiological
PLT331
Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
Smoking
PLT332
Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
Physiological
91
PLT334
Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
Spatial Disorientation

Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
PLT337
Aircraft Systems
Pitot / Static
PLT366
Regulations
NTSB Part 830
PLT372
Regulations
Regulations
Physiological
Airspeed Indicator
Reporting
100 Hour Inspection

Documentation
PLT373
Regulations
Documentation
PLT374
Regulations
Responsibilities
PLT377
Regulations
Documentation
PLT384
Regulations
Pilot in Command
PLT386
Regulations
Flight Instructor
PLT393
Airspace
Communications
Restricted Airspace
Airspace
Special Use
Airspace
Special Use
MOA
Airspace
Special Use
Warning Areas
PLT395
Regulations
NTSB Part 830
Definition
PLT405
Regulations
Eligibility
Practical Test
Regulations
Flight Instructor
PLT407
Regulations
Regulations
Flight Review
Proficiency Check
Regulations
Flight Review
Regulations
Flight Training
Towing Gliders
Regulations
Cheating
Requirements
PLT409
Regulations
Commercial Pilot
Logging Flight Time
Regulations
Flight Time
Eligibility
PLT411
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Endorsements
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Requirements
PLT414
Regulations
Right of Way
92
PLT416
Regulations
NTSB Part 830
Definition
Regulations
Reporting
NTSB Part 830
PLT418
Regulations
14CFR Part 61
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Endorsements
Regulations
Student Pilot
PLT419
Regulations
Eligibility
Regulations
Endorsements
Flight Instructor
PLT425
Regulations
Documentation
Regulations
PLT430
Regulations
Regulations
Congested Areas
Regulations
Definition
PLT435
Airport Operations
Communications
CTAF
Airport Operations
Communications
Multicom
Airport Operations
Communications
Unicom Frequency
Acrobatic Flight
PLT438
Regulations
Pressure Altitude
Supplemental Oxygen
PLT442
Regulations
Flight Review
PLT448
Regulations
Eligibility
Flight Time
Regulations
FAA Certificates
Change of Address
Regulations
Student Certificate
Endorsements
Regulations
Student Certificate
Limitations
PLT457
Regulations
14CFR Part 61
Endorsements
Regulations
14CFR Part 61
Regulations
Student Certificate
Endorsements
Regulations
Student Certificate
Limitations
Regulations
Student Pilot
PLT460
Regulations
Student Pilot
PLT463
Regulations
FAA Certificates
PLT467
Regulations
Class B Airspace
PLT473
Aircraft Systems
Aircraft Systems
93
Endorsements
Solo Requirements
Spoilers
Flaps
PLT474
Weather
Meteorology
Mountain Wave Soaring
Weather
Meteorology
Soaring Weather

Flight Operations
Soaring Techniques
Airspeed
Flight Operations
Turns
Soaring Techniques
PLT477
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Stalls / Spins
PLT480
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
PLT482
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Student Evaluation
PLT492
Weather
Meteorology
Clouds
Weather
PLT494
Weather
Meteorology
Pressure
Charts / Maps
Thermal Soaring
Weather
Meteorology
Thermal Soaring

Flight Operations
Soaring Techniques
Flight Operations
Soaring Techniques
Forward Speed
PLT495
Weather
Hazardous
Thunderstorms
PLT496
Flight Operations
Launch Procedures
Crosswind Procedures
PLT501
Weather
Hazardous
Mountain Flying
Weather
Meteorology
Mountain Wave Soaring
Weather
Meteorology
Unstable Air
PLT503
Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
Alcohol
PLT510
Weather
Meteorology
Thermal Soaring
PLT511
Weather
Hazardous
Mountain Flying
Weather
Meteorology
Air Masses
Weather
Meteorology
Frontal Soaring
Weather
Meteorology
Fronts
PLT512
Weather
Meteorology
Moisture
PLT516
Weather
Meteorology
Air Masses
Weather
Meteorology
Weather
Meteorology
Circulation
Weather
Meteorology
Thermal Soaring
94
PLT518
Weather
Hazardous
Turbulence
Weather
Hazardous
Windshear
PLT520
Computations
95
Flight Instructor Airplane (Added Rating) (AFA)

Sample Questions
96
FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR AIRPLANE (ADDED RATING) (AFA)

Answer: B.

Answer: A.
Learning Statement: Recall aircraft performanceinstrument
markings/airspeed/definitions/indications.
Answer: B.
performance?
Answer: C.
Answer: A.
97

AIRPLANE (ADDED RATING) (AFA) KNOWLEDGE TEST
Topic
Content
Specific
PLT018
Aerodynamics
Pitch Attitude
PLT021
Weight and Balance
Center of Gravity
Shifting Weight
PLT046
Aerodynamics
Drag
PLT052
Regulations
Airspace Classes
Class E Airspace
PLT074
Aerodynamics
Load Factor
Charts
PLT086
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
PLT118
Aircraft Systems
Flight Instruments
Aircraft Systems
Propeller
Ground Reference
Heading Indicator
PLT126
Aircraft Systems
Environmental
PLT131
Atmospheric Effects
Ground Effect
PLT132
Limitations
Flight Instruments
PLT141
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Hold Position
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Runway
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Taxiway
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
PLT161
Regulations
Airspace Classes
Limitations
Regulations
Weather Minimums
PLT162
Regulations
Airspace Classes
Special VFR
PLT163
Regulations
14CFR Part 91
Regulations
Special VFR
Weather Minimums
PLT167
Aircraft Systems
Pitot / Static
Altimeter
PLT168
Aerodynamics
Stalls

Aerodynamics
Stalls
98
PLT170
Flight Operations
Approach
Flight Operations
Approach
Flight Operations
Landing
Flight Operations
Landing
PLT190
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
Carburetor Icing
PLT207
Aircraft Systems
Electrical
PLT219
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Advanced
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Basic
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Ground Reference
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Stalls / Spins
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Turns
PLT237
Aerodynamics
PLT240
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control

Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Adverse Balance
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Aft CG
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Indicated Airspeed
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
PLT241
Aerodynamics
PLT244
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Divergent Oscillations

Flight Operations
Landing
PLT245
Aerodynamics
Stall / Spins
Steep Spiral

Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Spins

Aerodynamics
Accelerated Stall
Aerodynamics
Spins
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Stalls / Spins
PLT246
Aerodynamics
PLT249
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
Mixture Control
PLT253
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
Fuel Selectors
PLT258
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Ground Reference
PLT312
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Stalling Speed
99
PLT337
Aircraft Systems
Pitot / Static
Blockage

Aircraft Systems
Pitot / Static
PLT343
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
Installation Error

Power
PLT351
Aircraft Systems
Propeller
Aircraft Systems
Propeller
PLT404
Regulations
Equipment
Locator Transmitter
PLT407
Regulations
14CFR Part 61
Regulations
Eligibility
Flight Time
Regulations
Regulations
Type Rating
Additional Training
PLT409
Regulations
14CFR Part 61
PLT411
Regulations
Flight Instructor
PLT418
Regulations
Flight Instructor
PLT442
Regulations
Flight Review
Regulations
Private Pilot
Eligibility
Requirements
Endorsements
PLT443
Regulations
14CFR Part 61
Flight Review
Regulations
Type Rating
PLT448
Regulations
FAA Certificates
PLT457
Regulations
Student Pilot
Endorsements
PLT473
Aircraft Systems
Flaps
PLT477
Limitations
Airspeeds
PLT480
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
PLT482
Regulations
Eligibility
Practical Test
PLT484
Regulations
14CFR Part 1
Vs
PLT486
Flight Operations
Takeoff
Soft Field
100
101
Flight Instructor Helicopter (Added Rating) (HFA)

Sample Questions
102
FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR HELICOPTER (ADDED RATING) (HFA)

Aaft.
Bleft.
Cright.
Answer: A.
Answer: C.
3. The forward speed of a rotorcraft is restricted primarily by

Adissymmetry of lift.
Btransverse flow effect.
Chigh-frequency vibrations.
Answer: A.
4. How does temperature and weight affect the VNE of a helicopter?
AVNE increases as temperature and weight increase.
BVNE decreases as temperature and weight increase.
CVNE decreases as temperature increases and weight decreases.
Answer: B.
Learning Statement: Recall aircraft performanceairspeed.
5. Performance of a helicopter can be determined by

Aknowing the density altitude, gross weight, and surface wind.
Bthe formula pi times the rotor diameter divided by the blade area.
Cthe highest altitude that can be maintained in a hover following liftoff.
Answer: A.
103

HELICOPTER (ADDED RATING) (HFA) KNOWLEDGE TEST
Topic
Content
Specific
PLT021
Weight and Balance
Center of Gravity
Formulas
PLT112
Airport Operations
Taxiing
Cyclic Pitch
PLT124
Atmospheric Effects
PLT125
Flight Operations
Autorotation
PLT127
Atmospheric Effects
PLT129
Flight Operations
Landing
Slope Operations
PLT141
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Entrance to Runway
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Entry Prohibited
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Hold Short
PLT161
Regulations
Class B Airspace
Regulations
Weather Minimums
PLT169
Flight Operations
PLT170
Flight Operations
Landing
Special VFR
Flight Operations
Advanced
Autorotation
Running Landing
Maneuvers
PLT175
Aerodynamics
Physics

Flight Operations
PLT190
Aircraft Systems
De-Icing / Anti-Icing
PLT208
Flight Operations
Flight Operations
Autorotation
Carburetor Air Temperature Gauge
Autorotation
Takeoff
PLT219
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Turns
PLT236
Aerodynamics
Airfoil
PLT240
Weight and Balance
Center of Gravity
Center of Gravity Location
Weight and Balance
Center of Gravity
CG Aft of Aft Limit
Weight and Balance
Center of Gravity
104
PLT242
Aerodynamics
Dissymmetry of Lift
PLT259
Aerodynamics
Physics
PLT264
Flight Operations
Recovery / Settling with Power
PLT268
Flight Operations
Approach
Hovering
Flight Operations
Hovering
Landing
PLT309
Aerodynamics
Load Factor
PLT336
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Basic
PLT349
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Advanced
PLT386
Regulations
Flight Instructor
PLT405
Regulations
Student Pilot
Eligibility

Regulations
Airspace Classes
PLT407
Regulations
Flight Review
Proficiency Check
Regulations
Student Pilot
PLT409
Regulations
Eligibility
Regulations
Eligibility
Student Pilot
Flight Time
PLT411
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Requirements
Regulations
Training
Flight Instructor
PLT413
Regulations
Fuel
PLT430
Regulations
Helicopter
PLT442
Regulations
Flight Review
Regulations
Pilot in Command
PLT451
Regulations
Commercial Pilot
PLT457
Regulations
Student Pilot
PLT460
Regulations
Student Pilot
PLT467
Regulations
Weather Minimums
105
Requirements
Endorsements
Solo Requirements
Special VFR
PLT470
Aerodynamics
Dissymmetry of Lift

Aerodynamics
Coning
Aerodynamics
Coriolis Effect
Aerodynamics
Forward Flight
Aerodynamics
Limitations
Aerodynamics
Main Rotor System
Aerodynamics
Physics
Aerodynamics
Pitch Attitude
Aerodynamics
Rotor Lift
Aerodynamics
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Aircraft Systems
Rotor
Autorotation
Aircraft Systems
Rotor
Vibration
Flight Operations
Autorotation
Flight Operations
Recovery from Low Rotor RPM
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
PLT471
Aircraft Systems
Transmission
Engine Starting
Aircraft Systems
Transmission
PLT472
Aerodynamics
Freewheeling Unit
Forward Flight

Aircraft Systems
Rotor
Improperly Rigged Tail Rotor
Aircraft Systems
Vibration
Transmission
PLT482
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Student Evaluation
PLT486
Flight Operations
Takeoff
Crosswind
Flight Operations
Running / Rolling Takeoff
Takeoff
PLT520
Computations
106
107
Flight Instructor Gyroplane (Added Rating) (GFA)

Sample Questions
108
FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR GYROPLANE (ADDED RATING) (GFA)

Answer: C.
Aaft.
Bleft.
Cright.
Answer: A.
3. If the ground wire between the magneto and the ignition switch becomes
Answer: C.
Learning Statement: Recall starter/ignition systemtypes/components/operating
4. When the pilot leans the mixture control, what is being accomplished?
Answer: C.
Learning Statement: Recall fuel systemcomponents/operating principles/characteristics/leaks.
5. A slightly below glidepath indication on a 2-bar VASI glidepath is indicated by
Atwo red lights over two white lights.
Ctwo red lights over two more red lights.
Answer: C.
Learning Statement: Recall airport operationsvisual glide slope indicators.
109

GYROPLANE (ADDED RATING) (GFA) KNOWLEDGE TEST
Topic
Content
Specific
PLT021
Weight and Balance
Center of Gravity
Formulas
PLT086
Aerodynamics
PLT112
Flight Operations
Landing
Crosswind Landing
PLT113
Regulations
PLT118
Aircraft Systems
Propeller
PLT124
Atmospheric Effects

Computations
PLT127
Density Altitude
PLT129
Computations
Determining Takeoff Distance
PLT141
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Runway
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Taxiway
PLT149
Airport Operations
Taxiing
Taxiing Procedures
PLT161
Regulations
Airspace Classes
Regulations
Class D Airspace
Communications

Airspace
Controlled
Class D
PLT170
Flight Operations
Approach
Flight Operations
Landing
PLT190
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
Carburetor Icing
PLT208
Flight Operations
Flight Operations
Pio / Gyro

Flight Operations
Landing
PLT213
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Horizontal Stabilizer
Aerodynamics
Longitudinal
Stability / Control
PLT219
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Basic

Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Ground Reference
110
PLT222
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Basic
Flight Operations
Soft Field
Takeoff
PLT235
Aerodynamics
Buntover
PLT240
Aerodynamics
Physics
PLT242
Aerodynamics
Dissymmetry of Lift
PLT244
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Buntover (Power Pushover)
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Power Pushover
PLT258
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Ground Reference
PLT259
Aerodynamics
Physics
PLT260
Aircraft Systems
Rotor
Blade Flap
PLT309
Aerodynamics
Load Factor
PLT351
Aircraft Systems
Propeller
Blade Angle
Aircraft Systems
Propeller
PLT386
Regulations
Flight Instructor
PLT405
Regulations
Equipment
PLT407
Regulations
Flight Review
PLT409
Regulations
Eligibility
PLT411
Regulations
Flight Instructor
PLT413
Regulations
Fuel
PLT418
Regulations
14CFR Part 61
PLT419
Regulations
Flight Instructor
PLT427
Regulations
Type Rating
PLT442
Regulations
Flight Review
111
Geometric Pitch
Proficiency Check
Flight Time
Endorsements
Endorsements
PLT448
Regulations
FAA Certificates
PLT451
Regulations
14CFR Part 61
Regulations
Flight Time
Eligibility
PLT457
Regulations
14CFR Part 61
Regulations
Student Pilot
PLT460
Regulations
Student Pilot
PLT470
Aerodynamics
Student Pilots Eligibility

Endorsements
Solo Requirements
Blade Tip Stall

Aerodynamics
Aerodynamics
Forward Flight
Aerodynamics
Main Rotor System
Aerodynamics
Negative G Maneuver
Aerodynamics
Physics
Aerodynamics
Prerotation
Aerodynamics
Rotor Force
Aerodynamics
Rotor Lift
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
PLT472
Aircraft Systems
Rotor
Vibration
PLT480
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
PLT482
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Student Evaluation
PLT486
Flight Operations
Takeoff
Soft Field
112
113
Flight Instructor Glider (Added Rating) (AFG)

Sample Questions
114
FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR GLIDER (ADDED RATING) (AFG)

Answer: A.
Learning Statement: Recall forces acting on aircraftairspeed/air density/lift/drag.

Answer: B.

Answer: A.
A14 years.
B16 years.
C17 years.
Answer: A.
Learning Statement: Recall regulationsstudent pilot endorsements/other endorsements.
ABouncing.
BFloating.
CBallooning.
Answer: B.
115

GLIDER (ADDED RATING) (AFG) KNOWLEDGE TEST
Topic
Content
Specific
PLT008
Flight Operations
Soaring Techniques
Airspeed
PLT012
Computations
Flight Operations
Launch Procedures
PLT018
Aerodynamics
PLT021
Weight and Balance
Center of Gravity
PLT062
Weather
Weather
Computations
Load Factor
Winch Tow
Soaring forecasts
Soaring forecasts
Weather
PLT141
Airport Operations
Meteorology
Thermal Soaring
Marking / Signs
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
ILS
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Prohibited Entry
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Runway
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Runway Exit
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
PLT161
Regulations
Airspace Classes
Regulations
Airspace Classes
PLT163
Regulations
Airspace Classes
Regulations
Visibility
Weather Minimums
PLT168
Aerodynamics
Aerodynamics
Lift
Aerodynamics
Pitch Attitude
Aerodynamics
Stalls

Aerodynamics
Stalls
PLT170
Flight Operations
Approach
Landing
Flight Operations
Landing
Off-Field Landing
Flight Operations
Soaring Techniques
PLT214
Aerodynamics
Load Factor
Maneuvering Speed
PLT216
Aircraft Systems
Flight Instruments
Total Energy Compensators
PLT235
Aerodynamics
116
PLT236
Aerodynamics
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
PLT237
Aerodynamics
Aerodynamics
PLT240
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Physics
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Adverse Balance
PLT244
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
PLT245
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Spins

Aerodynamics
PLT248
Aerodynamics
PLT257
Flight Operations
Soaring Techniques
Spins
Turns
Airspeed
PLT303
Aerodynamics
Aerodynamics
Physics
PLT304
Flight Operations
Launch Procedures
Autotow
Flight Operations
Launch Procedures
CG Hook
Flight Operations
Launch Procedures
Computations
Flight Operations
Launch Procedures
Ground Launch
Flight Operations
Launch Procedures
Landing
Flight Operations
Launch Procedures
Tow Line Slack
Flight Operations
Launch Procedures
Tow Ring Strike
Flight Operations
Launch Procedures
PLT312
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
PLT328
Weight and Balance
Aircraft Loading
PLT337
Aircraft Systems
Pitot / Static
PLT386
Regulations
Flight Instructor
PLT407
Regulations
Winch Launch
Regulations
Flight Review
Regulations
Flight Training
Towing Gliders
Stalling Speed
Ballast
Blockage
Requirements
PLT409
Regulations
Eligibility
Flight Time
PLT411
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Requirements
117
PLT419
Regulations
Eligibility
PLT430
Regulations
Acrobatic Flight
PLT438
Regulations
Pressure Altitude
Supplemental Oxygen
PLT448
Regulations
Eligibility
Flight Time
PLT457
Regulations
Student Pilot
Endorsements
PLT474
Flight Operations
Soaring Techniques
Airspeed
PLT480
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
PLT494
Weather
Charts / Maps
Thermal Soaring
Weather
Meteorology
Thermal Soaring

Flight Operations
Soaring Techniques
PLT511
Weather
Frontal Soaring
Meteorology
118
119
Flight Instructor Sport PilotAirplane (SIA)

Sample Questions
120
FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR SPORT PILOTAIRPLANE (SIA)

Answer: B.
Learning Statement: Recall forces acting on aircraft-aspect ratio.
Answer: A.
Learning Statement: Recall aircraft performanceinstrument/markings/airspeed/definitions/indications
Answer: B.
Learning Statement: Recall aircraft performance-density altitude.
performance?
ALow temperature, low relative humidity, and low-density altitude.
BHigh temperature, low relative humidity, and low-density altitude.
CHigh temperature, high relative humidity, and high-density altitude.
Answer: C.
Learning Statement: Recall aircraft performance-atmospheric effects.

Answer: A.
Learning Statement: Define altitude-absolute/true/indicated/density/pressure.
121

FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR SPORT PILOTAIRPLANE (SIA)
Topic
Content
Specific
PLT001
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
PLT004
Charts
PLT006
Charts
PLT012
Navigation
Dead Reckoning
Navigation
Pilotage
Glide Distance
Calculations
Calculations
PLT013
Charts
Charts
PLT018
Aerodynamics
Load Factor
Aerodynamics
Positive Stability
Stall / Spins


Loading
PLT021
Weight and Balance
Center of Gravity
Computations
Weight and Balance
Formulas
Center of Gravity

Weight and Balance
Aircraft Loading
PLT022
Human Factors
ADM
Hazardous Attitude
Human Factors
ADM
PLT023
Weather
Meteorology
PLT034
Regulations
14CFR Part 1
PLT040
Airspace
Controlled
PLT044
Airspace
Procedures
PLT046
Aerodynamics
PLT051
Weather
PLT052
Regulations
Airspace Classes
PLT059
Weather
PLT061
Weather
122
Risk Management
Density Altitude
Definition
Class C
Communications
Drag
Data Interpretation
Class E Airspace
Pilot Reports
PLT063
Weather
Charts / Maps
PLT064
Airspace
Controlled
Class B
Airspace
Controlled
Class D
Airspace
Controlled
Class E
Airspace
Controlled
Equipment Required

Navigation
Pilotage
PLT066
Weather
Charts / Maps
PLT068
Weather
PLT074
Aerodynamics
Load Factor
PLT078
Airport Operations
Runway Conditions
Aeronautical Charts
Data Interpretation
Gradient
Airport Operations
Tower Controlled
Navigation
Pilotage
Publications
Directory Legend
PLT081
Weather
Data Dissemination
PLT098
Human Factors
Fitness for Flight
Aeromedical Factors
PLT101
Navigation
Pilotage
Aeronautical Charts
Navigation
Pilotage
PLT103
Human Factors
ADM
Hazardous Attitude
PLT112
Airport Operations
Taxiing
Control Positioning
Flight Operations
Cruise
Coordinated Use of Controls
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Advanced
PLT113
Regulations
14CFR Part 1
PLT116
Airport Operations
Communications
Airport Operations
Wake Turbulence
Navigation
Pilotage
PLT118
Aircraft Systems
Flight Instruments
PLT120
Aerodynamics
Load Factor
PLT124
Atmospheric Effects
Computations
123
Heading Indicator
Maneuvering Speed

PLT127
Density Altitude

Atmospheric Effects
PLT131
Atmospheric Effects
PLT132
Limitations
PLT141
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Ground Effect
Flight Instruments
Entry Prohibited
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Hold Short
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Runway
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Taxiway
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
PLT146
Airport Operations
Traffic Patterns
Segmented Circle
PLT147
Airport Operations
Lighting
PLT150
Airport Operations
Traffic Patterns
PLT161
Regulations
Airspace Classes
VASI
Limitations
Regulations
Airspace Classes
VFR Requirements

Airspace
Controlled
Class C
Airspace
Controlled
Class D
Airspace
Controlled
Class E
Airspace
Controlled
PLT162
Airspace
Uncontrolled
PLT165
Aircraft Systems
Pitot / Static
PLT168
Aerodynamics
Communications
Aerodynamics
Stalls
Class D Airspace
Altimeter
Lift
PLT170
Flight Operations
Approach
Go Around
Flight Operations
Approach
Flight Operations
Landing
Flight Operations
Landing
Roundout (Flare)
PLT194
Airport Operations
Traffic Patterns
Collision Avoidance
PLT195
Flight Operations
Collision Avoidance
Pilot`s Role
PLT196
Airport Operations
ATIS
Tower Controlled
124
PLT198
Navigation
Dead Reckoning
Calculations
PLT206
Atmospheric Effects
PLT208
Navigation
Dead Reckoning
Calculations
PLT214
Aerodynamics
Load Factor
Maneuvering Speed
PLT215
Aircraft Systems
Flight Instruments
Acceleration Error
Aircraft Systems
Compass
Flight Instruments
Aircraft Systems
Flight Instruments
PLT219
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Deviation Error
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Ground Reference
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Turns
Basic
PLT221
Flight Operations
Landing
PLT222
Flight Operations
PLT226
Weather
Meteorology
PLT232
Human Factors
ADM
PLT237
Aerodynamics
PLT241
Aerodynamics
PLT244
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
PLT245
Aerodynamics
Stall / Spins
PLT246
Aerodynamics
PLT250
Aircraft Systems
Fuel / Oil
PLT251
Aircraft Systems
Fuel / Oil
PLT253
Aircraft Systems
Fuel / Oil
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
Approach / Landing
Fog
Hazardous Attitude
Steep Spiral
Refueling Procedures
Condensation

Mixture Control
PLT255
Aircraft Systems
Fuel / Oil
Grounding
PLT258
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Ground Reference
125
PLT261
Weather
Hazardous
Thunderstorms
PLT290
Weather
Data Dissemination
PLT291
Weather
PLT305
Aircraft Systems
Flaps
Aircraft Systems
Specific Type of Flap
PLT311
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Turns
PLT314
Weight and Balance
Center of Gravity
Formulas

Flight Operations
Landing
Touchdown
PLT317
Weather
Microburst
Meteorology
PLT320
Navigation
Dead Reckoning
Navigation
PLT323
Navigation
PLT334
Human Factors
Aeronautical Charts
Dead Reckoning
Calculations
Pilotage
NOTAMS
Aeromedical Factors

Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
Physiological
PLT337
Aircraft Systems
Pitot / Static
Blockage
PLT343
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
Cooling
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
Engine Cooling Systems
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
Power
PLT351
Aircraft Systems
Propeller
Blade Angle
Aircraft Systems
Propeller
PLT370
Flight Operations
Collision Avoidance
Ground Track
PLT386
Regulations
Flight Instructor
PLT393
Airspace
Communications
Restricted Airspace
Airspace
Special Use
MOA
Airspace
Special Use
Warning Areas
PLT395
Regulations
NTSB Part 830
126
Definition
PLT403
Regulations
14CFR Part 91
Emergency-Priority
PLT405
Regulations
Flight Instructor
127
PLT409
Regulations
Eligibility
Flight Time
PLT411
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Endorsements
Regulations
Limitations
Flight Instructor
PLT413
Regulations
Fuel
PLT416
Regulations
NTSB Part 830
Reporting
PLT418
Regulations
Student Pilot
PLT430
Regulations
Congested Areas
Regulations
Definition
Regulations
PLT432
Regulations
14CFR Part 1
Operational Control
PLT435
Airport Operations
Communications
CTAF
Airport Operations
Communications
Multicom
Airport Operations
Communications
Unicom Frequency
PLT442
Regulations
Private Pilot
PLT455
Navigation
Pilotage
PLT457
Regulations
Student Pilot
Endorsements
PLT467
Regulations
Class B Airspace
PLT473
Aircraft Systems
Flaps
PLT475
Weather
Thunderstorms
Hazardous
PLT480
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
PLT484
Regulations
14CFR Part 1
Vs
128
PLT492
Weather
Meteorology
Temperature
PLT495
Weather
Hazardous
Thunderstorms
PLT501
Weather
Meteorology
Unstable Air
PLT502
Regulations
14CFR Part 91
ATC Light Signals
Regulations
14CFR Part 91
Regulations
Universal Signals

Airport Operations
Tower Controlled
Light Signals
PLT503
Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
Alcohol
PLT509
Airport Operations
Wake Turbulence
Meteorology
Meteorology
PLT516
Weather
PLT517
Weather
129
Flight Instructor Sport PilotBalloon (SIB)

Sample Questions
130
FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR SPORT PILOTBALLOON (SIB)

1. A heavy airship, flying dynamically with air ballasted forward to overcome a climbing
tendency and slowed down for weigh-off prior to landing, will be very nose heavy. This
condition can be corrected prior to landing by
Aballasting airlift.
Bdischarging forward ballast.
Cdumping fuel from the forward tanks.
Answer: A.
2. Regarding lift as developed by a hot air balloon, which is true?
AThe higher the temperature of the ambient air, the greater the lift for any given envelope
temperature.
BThe greater the difference between the temperature of the ambient air and the envelope air,
the greater the lift.
CThe smaller the difference between the temperature of the ambient air and the envelope air,
the greater the lift.
Answer: A.
Learning Statement: Recall balloon gas/hot airlift/false lift/characteristics.
3. (Refer to Figure 1.) What is the maximum altitude for a balloon if the gross weight is
1,060 pounds and standard temperature exists at all altitudes?
A4,000 feet.
B5,000 feet.
C7,000 feet.
Answer: C.
Learning Statement: Calculate weight and balance.
NOTE: See Figure 1 on page 69.
4. (Refer to Figure 2.) Determine the density altitude for these conditions:
Altimeter setting: 29.25
Runway temperature: +81 F
Airport elevation: 5,250 feet MSL
A4,600 feet MSL.
B5,877 feet MSL.
C8,500 feet MSL.
Answer: C.
Learning Statement: Calculate aircraft performance-density altitude.
Answer: B.
131
GRAPHIC FOR SAMPLE QUESTION NUMBER 3: Figure 1.
132
133

FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR SPORT PILOTBALLOON (SIB)
Topic
Content
Specific
PLT021
Balloon Ground School
Computations
Determining Maximum Altitude
Weight and Balance
Aircraft Loading
Limitations

Weight and Balance
Aircraft Loading
Limitations
PLT022
Human Factors
ADM
Risk Elements
PLT051
Weather
Data Interpretation
PLT059
Weather
PLT061
Weather
Pilot Reports
PLT063
Weather
Radar Summary Chart
PLT064
Navigation
Pilotage
Aeronautical Charts

Airspace
Controlled
Class C
Airspace
Controlled
Class D
Airspace
Special Use
Alert Areas

Navigation
Dead Reckoning
Calculations

Airspace
Controlled
Class B
Navigation
Pilotage
Aeronautical Charts
PLT066
Weather
Charts / Maps
PLT068
Weather
Data Interpretation
PLT076
Weather
Charts / Maps
PLT078
Airport Operations
Tower Controlled
PLT103
Human Factors
ADM
Hazardous Attitude
PLT113
Flight Operations
Climb
Exceeding Limitations
PLT125
How To Fly A Balloon
Atmospheric Effects
Balloon - Climb / Descent
PLT127
Density Altitude
PLT159
Airship Aerodynamics Technical Manual
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Super Heat
134
PLT161
Regulations
Airspace Classes

Airspace
Controlled
PLT162
Airspace
Uncontrolled
PLT165
Aircraft Systems
Pitot / Static
PLT177
Flight Operations
Cruise
Aerodynamics
Class D
Class D Airspace
Altimeter
Burn(s)
Physics
Aircraft Systems
Fuel / Oil
PLT179
Weight and Balance
Aircraft Loading
PLT180
Aerodynamics
Burner
Aerodynamics
Definitions
Physics
Aerodynamics
PLT183
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Physics
Altitude Change
How To Fly A Balloon

Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Balloon
PLT184
Flight Operations
Approach / Landing
Flight Operations
Landing
High-Wind Landing
Flight Operations
Landing
Landing

Flight Operations
Landing
Passenger Management
Flight Operations
Launch Procedures
Ground Crew / Launch / Balloon
Flight Operations
Recovery Procedures
Landing
PLT192
Weather
Meteorology
Clouds
PLT195
Flight Operations
Collision Avoidance
Pilot`s Role
PLT206
Atmospheric Effects
PLT208
Balloon Digest - Balloon Federation of America
Flight Operations
Balloon Fuel Management

Flight Operations
Avoiding Powerline(s)
Flight Operations
Awareness of Powerlines
PLT215
Aircraft Systems
Flight Instruments
Deviation Error
PLT221
Flight Operations
Landing
Balloon
PLT232
Human Factors
ADM
Hazardous Attitude
135
PLT240
Weight and Balance
Center of Gravity
Fuel Weight per Gallon
PLT250
Aircraft Systems
Fuel / Oil
PLT251
Aircraft Systems
Fuel / Oil

Aircraft Systems
Fuel / Oil
Fuel Type
Aircraft Systems
Fuel Weight
Fuel / Oil
PLT253
Aircraft Systems
Fuel / Oil
Bleed Fuel Lines
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
Fuel Gauge

Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
Burner

Aerodynamics
Performance
Atmospheric Effects
Flight Operations
Burner Operation
Normal Procedures
PLT254
Aircraft Systems
Fuel / Oil
Vapor Bleed Valve

Aircraft Systems
Fuel / Oil
Ambient Temperature
PLT267
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Weigh-Off
PLT291
Weather
PLT301
Weather
Temperature
Meteorology
PLT304
Aerodynamics
Pamphlet
Flight Operations
Ascent
Launch Procedures
Flight Operations
Launch Procedures
PLT313
Weight and Balance
Aircraft Loading
PLT320
Navigation
Dead Reckoning
PLT332
Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
PLT343
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
PLT346
Aircraft Systems
Flight Controls / Primary
PLT353
Weather
PLT372
Regulations
136
Balloon Launch Site
Definitions
Aeronautical Charts
Physiological
Burner
Balloon
Interpret
Documentation
PLT373
Aircraft Systems
Balloon
Flight Operations
Limitations
Launch Procedures
PLT377
Regulations
Documentation
PLT384
Regulations
Pilot in Command
PLT393
Airspace
Restricted Airspace
Communications
PLT395
Regulations
14CFR Part 1
Crewmember

Regulations
NTSB Part 830
Definition
PLT411
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Limitations
PLT414
Regulations
14CFR Part 91
Airship
PLT416
Regulations
NTSB Part 830
Reporting
PLT425
Regulations
Documentation
PLT430
Regulations
Congested Areas
PLT432
Regulations
14CFR Part 1
Operational Control
PLT435
Airport Operations
Multicom
Communications
PLT444
Regulations
Pilot in Command
PLT448
Regulations
14CFR Part 61
Suspended / Revoked
Regulations
Student Certificate
PLT457
Regulations
14CFR Part 61
Limitations
Regulations
Endorsements
Student Certificate
PLT463
Regulations
FAA Certificates
Regulations
Alcohol / Drugs
PLT473
Aircraft Systems
Endorsements
Balloon

Flight Operations
Normal Procedures
Tethering
PLT482
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Student Evaluation
PLT495
Weather
Thunderstorms
Hazardous
137
PLT501
Weather
Hazardous
Mountain Flying
Weather
Meteorology
Unstable Air
PLT502
Airport Operations
Tower Controlled
Light Signals
PLT503
Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
Alcohol
PLT510
Weather
Meteorology
Circulation
PLT511
Weather
Hazardous
Icing
PLT516
Weather
Meteorology
Meteorology
Circulation
Hazardous
Turbulence
Weather
PLT518
Weather
138
139
Flight Instructor Sport PilotGlider (SIG)

Sample Questions
140
FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR SPORT PILOTGLIDER (SIG)

Answer: A.
Learning Statement: Recall forces acting on aircraft-airspeed/air density/lift/drag.
Answer: B.
Learning Statement: Recall forces acting on aircraft-aspect ratio.
Answer: A.
A14 years.
B16 years.
C17 years.
Answer: A.
Learning Statement: Recall regulations-student pilot endorsements/other endorsements.
ABouncing.
BFloating.
CBallooning.
Answer: B.
141

FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR SPORT PILOTGLIDER (SIG)
Topic
Content
Specific
PLT003
Weight and Balance
Center of Gravity
Computing Ballast Amount
PLT012
Computations
Flight Operations
Computations
Launch Procedures

Charts
Navigation
Dead Reckoning
PLT013
Charts
PLT018
Aerodynamics

Calculations
Load Factor

Aerodynamics
Stall / Spins
Loading
PLT021
Weight and Balance
Center of Gravity
Computations

Weight and Balance
Center of Gravity
Winch Tow
PLT022
Human Factors
ADM
Risk Management
PLT040
Airspace
Controlled
Class C
PLT062
Weather
Soaring forecasts
PLT064
Airspace
Controlled
Class B
Airspace
Controlled
Class D
Airspace
Controlled
Class E
Airspace
Controlled
Equipment Required

Airspace
Controlled
Class B
Navigation
Pilotage
Aeronautical Charts
PLT068
Weather
Charts / Maps
PLT070
Weather
Charts / Maps
Stability Chart
PLT074
Aerodynamics
Load Factor
PLT076
Weather
Data Dissemination
PLT078
Airport Operations
Runway Conditions
Gradient
Airport Operations
Tower Controlled
Navigation
Pilotage
142
PLT081
Weather
Data Dissemination
PLT101
Navigation
Pilotage
Aeronautical Charts
Navigation
Pilotage
PLT103
Human Factors
ADM
Hazardous Attitude
PLT112
Airport Operations
Taxiing
Control Positioning
Airport Operations
Taxiing
PLT116
Navigation
Pilotage
PLT120
Aerodynamics
Load Factor
PLT124
Computations
PLT127
Atmospheric Effects
Crosswind Taxi Procedures
Maneuvering Speed
PLT141
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Hold Position
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Runway
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
PLT146
Airport Operations
Traffic Patterns
PLT147
Airport Operations
Lighting
PLT161
Regulations
Airspace Classes
Taxiway
Regulations
Class D Airspace
Communications
PLT162
Airspace
Uncontrolled
Class D Airspace
Segmented Circle
VASI
Limitations
PLT163
Regulations
Airspace Classes
PLT168
Aerodynamics
Stalls
PLT170
Flight Operations
Landing
Off-Field Landing
PLT194
Airport Operations
Traffic Patterns
Collision Avoidance

Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
PLT195
Flight Operations
Collision Avoidance
Visual Illusions
Pilot`s Role

Flight Operations
Approach
143
PLT196
Airport Operations
Tower Controlled
ATIS
PLT198
Navigation
Dead Reckoning
Calculations
PLT206
Atmospheric Effects
PLT214
Aerodynamics
Airfoil
PLT215
Aircraft Systems
Flight Instruments
Acceleration Error
Aircraft Systems
Compass
Flight Instruments
Aircraft Systems
Flight Instruments
PLT219
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Deviation Error
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Stalls / Spins
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Turns
Basic
PLT231
Human Factors
ADM
PLT244
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
PLT253
Aircraft Systems
Fuel / Oil
PLT257
Aerodynamics
PLT290
Weather
PLT291
Weather
PLT304
Flight Operations
Launch Procedures
Stress Management
Tanks
Lift / Drag Devices
Data Dissemination
Data Dissemination
CG Hook
Flight Operations
Launch Procedures
Computations
Flight Operations
Launch Procedures
Landing
PLT305
Aircraft Systems
Flaps
PLT314
Weight and Balance
Center of Gravity
Formulas
PLT320
Navigation
Dead Reckoning
Aeronautical Charts
PLT323
Navigation
NOTAMS
Pilotage
PLT328
Weight and Balance
Aircraft Loading
Ballast
PLT330
Human Factors
Physiological
Aeromedical Factors
144
PLT334
Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors

Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
PLT337
Aircraft Systems
Pitot / Static
PLT370
Flight Operations
Collision Avoidance
PLT374
Regulations
PLT386
Regulations
Flight Instructor
PLT393
Airspace
Special Use
Physiological
Airspeed Indicator
Ground Track
Responsibilities
Airspace
Special Use
MOA
Airspace
Special Use
Warning Areas
PLT403
Regulations
14CFR Part 91
PLT407
Regulations
Aerotow Procedures
PLT411
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Emergency-Priority
Endorsements
Limitations
PLT414
Regulations
Right of Way
PLT418
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Endorsements
PLT430
Regulations
Definition
PLT435
Airport Operations
Communications
CTAF
Airport Operations
Communications
Multicom
Airport Operations
Communications
PLT448
Regulations
FAA Certificates
PLT455
Navigation
Pilotage
PLT463
Regulations
Alcohol / Drugs
PLT473
Aircraft Systems
PLT474
Weather
Meteorology
Flight Operations
Soaring Techniques
Unicom Frequency
Change of Address
Spoilers
Soaring Weather
Turns
145
PLT494
Weather
Charts / Maps
Thermal Soaring
Weather
Meteorology
Thermal Soaring

Flight Operations
Soaring Techniques
PLT509
Airport Operations
Wake Turbulence
PLT510
Weather
Meteorology
Thermal Soaring
PLT511
Weather
Hazardous
Mountain Flying
146
147
Flight Instructor Sport PilotLighter-Than-Air (Airship) (SIL)

Sample Questions
148
FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR SPORT PILOTLIGHTER-THAN-AIR (AIRSHIP)

(SIL)
Answer: B.
performance?
Answer: C.
3. (Refer to Figure 3.) Determine the pressure altitude at an airport that is 1,386 feet MSL
with an altimeter setting of 29.97.
A1,341 feet MSL.
B1,451 feet MSL.
C1,562 feet MSL.
Answer: A.
Learning Statement: Calculate pressure altitude.

Answer: A.
5.
In which situation is indicated altitude the same as true altitude?
AIf the altimeter has no mechanical error.

BWhen at sea level under standard atmospheric conditions.
CWhen at 18,000 feet MSL with the altimeter set at 29.92.
Answer: B.
149
150

FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR SPORT PILOTLIGHTER-THAN-AIR (AIRSHIP) (SIL)
Topic
Content
Specific
PLT005
Computations
PLT022
Human Factors
ADM
Hazardous Attitude
Human Factors
Risk Elements
ADM
Human Factors
ADM
PLT030
Aerodynamics
PLT040
Airspace
Controlled
PLT044
Airspace
Procedures
PLT052
Regulations
Airspace Classes
Risk Management
Airship
Class C
Communications
Class E Airspace
PLT061
Weather
Pilot Reports
PLT063
Weather
Charts / Maps
PLT064
Airspace
Controlled
Class B
Airspace
Controlled
Class D
Airspace
Controlled
Class E
Airspace
Controlled
Equipment Required
Airspace
Special Use
Alert Areas

Airspace
Controlled
Class B
Navigation
Pilotage
Aeronautical Charts
PLT066
Weather
Charts / Maps
PLT068
Weather
Data Interpretation
PLT072
Weather
TAF
PLT078
Airport Operations
Tower Controlled
Navigation
Pilotage
Publications
Directory Legend
PLT081
Weather
Weather
Data Dissemination
PLT098
Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
Fitness for Flight
151
PLT101
Navigation
Pilotage
Aeronautical Charts
PLT103
Human Factors
ADM
Hazardous Attitude
PLT107
Aircraft Systems
Electrical
Generator / Alternator
PLT112
Flight Operations
Climb
Position of Dampers
PLT114
Aircraft Systems
Environmental
Load Distribution
PLT116
Airport Operations
Communications
Navigation
Pilotage
PLT125
Flight Operations
Descent
Normal Descent / Airship
Flight Operations
Normal Procedures
PLT127
Atmospheric Effects
Descent
PLT152
Aerodynamics
Airship
Weight and Balance
Ballast
Aircraft Loading
PLT153
Aerodynamics
Controllability
Aerodynamics
Airship
Aerodynamics
Buoyancy
Aerodynamics
Equilibrium Condition
Aerodynamics
Aerodynamics
Light / Heavy Flight Unbalanced
Aerodynamics
Transfer Air Forward / Aft
Aerodynamics
Unbalanced Condition
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
Check Valves in the Airscoops
PLT154
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Ground Weigh-Off
PLT156
Aerodynamics
Maximum Headway
Flight Operations
Cruise
PLT157
Flight Operations
Climb
PLT158
Aircraft Systems
Flight Instruments
PLT160
Aerodynamics
Maximum Headway/Airship
Position of Dampers
Buoyancy
Physics
152
PLT161
Regulations
Airspace Classes
Limitations
Regulations
Airspace Classes
VFR Requirements
Regulations
Class D Airspace
Communications

Airspace
Controlled
Class C
PLT162
Airspace
Uncontrolled
Class D Airspace
PLT163
Regulations
Airspace Classes
PLT170
Flight Operations
Landing
Heavy Airship / Landing
Flight Operations
Landing
PLT191
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
PLT195
Flight Operations
Collision Avoidance
PLT196
Airport Operations
Tower Controlled
Landing
Carburetor Systems
Pilot`s Role
ATIS
PLT198
Navigation
Dead Reckoning
Calculations
PLT206
Atmospheric Effects
PLT207
Aircraft Electricity and Electronics
Aircraft Systems
Electrical
Battery Acid Burns
PLT208
Aircraft Systems
Leak / Damage
Flight Operations
Gas Envelope Rip / Damage / Airship
Flight Operations
Total Loss of Engine(s) Power

Flight Operations
Approach / Landing

Navigation
Dead Reckoning
Calculations
PLT214
Aerodynamics
Load Factor
Maneuvering Speed
PLT215
Aircraft Systems
Flight Instruments
Acceleration Error
Aircraft Systems
Compass
Flight Instruments
Aircraft Systems
Flight Instruments
PLT221
Flight Operations
Landing
Deviation Error
Flight Operations
Launch Procedures
Takeoff
Flight Operations
Launch Procedures
Take-off Procedure / Hazardous / Airship
Heavy Landing / Airship / Calm Wind
PLT231
Human Factors
ADM
Stress Management
PLT232
Human Factors
ADM
Hazardous Attitude
Human Factors
Risk Management
ADM
153
PLT239
Aerodynamics
Physics
PLT249
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
Mixture Control
PLT253
Aircraft Systems
Fuel / Oil
Tanks
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
PLT255
Aircraft Systems
Fuel / Oil
PLT261
Weather
Hazardous
PLT271
Human Factors
ADM
PLT278
Aircraft Systems
Pitot / Static
PLT290
Weather
Mixture Control
Grounding
Thunderstorms
Risk Management
Airspeed Indicator
Data Dissemination
PLT291
Weather
PLT301
Atmospheric Effects
Airship - Climb / Descent
PLT304
Flight Operations
Launch Procedures
Airship
PLT320
Navigation
Dead Reckoning
Aeronautical Charts
Navigation
Dead Reckoning
Calculations
PLT323
Navigation
Pilotage
NOTAMS
PLT328
Weight and Balance
Aircraft Loading
Ballast
PLT332
Human Factors
Physiological
Aeromedical Factors
PLT334
Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
Physiological
PLT337
Aircraft Systems
Pitot / Static
Blockage

Aircraft Systems
Pitot / Static
Airspeed Indicator
PLT343
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
Cooling
Aircraft Systems
Power
Powerplant
PLT351
Aircraft Systems
Propeller
Effective Pitch
Aircraft Systems
Propeller
Geometric Pitch
Aircraft Systems
Propeller
Propeller Slippage
154
PLT366
Regulations
NTSB Part 830
Reporting
PLT386
Regulations
Flight Instructor
PLT393
Airspace
Communications
Restricted Airspace
Airspace
Special Use
Airspace
Special Use
MOA
Airspace
Special Use
Warning Areas
PLT395
Regulations
14CFR Part 1
Crewmember

Regulations
NTSB Part 830
PLT403
Regulations
14CFR Part 91
PLT407
Regulations
Flight Review
PLT409
Regulations
Eligibility
Definition
Emergency-Priority
Proficiency Check
Flight Time
PLT411
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Endorsements
Regulations
Limitations
Flight Instructor
PLT414
Regulations
14CFR Part 91
Airship
Regulations
PLT416
Regulations
NTSB Part 830
PLT418
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Right of Way
Regulations
Student Pilot
Reporting
Endorsements
PLT425
Regulations
Documentation
PLT430
Regulations
Congested Areas
Regulations
Definition
Regulations
PLT432
Regulations
14CFR Part 1
PLT435
Airport Operations
Communications
Airport Operations
Communications
Multicom
Airport Operations
Communications
Unicom Frequency
Operational Control
CTAF
PLT442
Regulations
Flight Review
PLT444
Regulations
Pilot in Command
155
PLT448
Regulations
14CFR Part 61
Change of Address
PLT455
Navigation
Pilotage
PLT457
Regulations
Student Certificate
Endorsements
Regulations
Endorsements
Student Pilot
PLT463
Regulations
Alcohol / Drugs
PLT467
Regulations
Class B Airspace
PLT473
Aircraft Systems
Air Damper Valves
Aircraft Systems
Ballonets
Aircraft Systems
Damper Valves
PLT478
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
Ignition
PLT482
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Student Evaluation
PLT495
Weather
Hazardous
Thunderstorms
PLT501
Weather
Hazardous
Mountain Flying
PLT502
Regulations
14CFR Part 91
ATC Light Signals
Regulations
Universal Signals

Airport Operations
Tower Controlled
Light Signals
PLT509
Airport Operations
Wake Turbulence
PLT511
Weather
Hazardous
Icing
Weather
Meteorology
Air Masses
156
157
Flight Instructor Sport PilotPowered Parachute (SIP)

Sample Questions
158
FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR SPORT PILOTPOWERED PARACHUTE (SIP)

Answer: B.
performance?
Answer: C.
A1,341 feet MSL.
B1,451 feet MSL.
C1,562 feet MSL.
Answer: A.

Answer: A.
5.

Answer: B.
159
160

FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR SPORT PILOTPOWERED PARACHUTE (SIP)
Topic
Content
Specific
PLT005
Computations
PLT012
Charts
Computations
Navigation
Dead Reckoning
Calculations
PLT021
Weight and Balance
Aircraft Loading
PLT022
Human Factors
ADM
Hazardous Attitude
Human Factors
Risk Management
ADM
PLT025
Aerodynamics
Physics
PLT040
Airspace
Controlled
Class C
PLT041
Weather
Meteorology
Pressure
PLT044
Airspace
Procedures
Communications
PLT051
Weather
Data Interpretation
Weather
Charts / Maps
PLT052
Regulations
Airspace Classes
PLT059
Weather
PLT061
Weather
PLT063
Weather
Convective Outlook Charts
Weather
Charts / Maps
PLT064
Airspace
Controlled
Class D
Airspace
Controlled
Class E
Airspace
Controlled
Equipment Required
Airspace
Special Use
Alert Areas

Airspace
Controlled
Class B
Navigation
Pilotage
Aeronautical Charts
PLT078
Airport Operations
Tower Controlled
Navigation
Pilotage
161
Class E Airspace
Pilot Reports
Radar Summary Chart
PLT098
Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
Fitness for Flight
PLT101
Navigation
Pilotage
Aeronautical Charts
Navigation
Pilotage
PLT103
Human Factors
ADM
Hazardous Attitude
PLT114
Powered Parachute Bible
Aircraft Systems
Structures
Center of Gravity Tube
Aircraft Systems
Structures
Fan Guard
Aircraft Systems
Structures
Parachute
PLT115
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
Detonation
PLT116
Airport Operations
Wake Turbulence
Navigation
Pilotage
Approach
Collision Avoidance
Atmospheric Effects
PLT119
Flight Operations
PLT124

Computations
PLT125
FAA-H-8083-29 - Powered Parachute Flying Handbook
Aerodynamics
Airspeed
Thrust
PLT127
Density Altitude

Atmospheric Effects
PLT131
Atmospheric Effects
Ground Effect
PLT141
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Entrance to Runway
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Hold Position
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Runway
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Runway Exit Sign
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Taxiway
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
PLT146
Airport Operations
Traffic Patterns
PLT150
Airport Operations
Traffic Patterns
PLT161
Regulations
Airspace Classes
Regulations
Airspace Classes
VFR Requirements

Airspace
Controlled
Class C
Airspace
Controlled
Communications
Segmented Circle
Limitations
162
PLT162
Airspace
Uncontrolled
Class D Airspace
PLT168
Aerodynamics
PLT170
Flight Operations
Approach
Go Around
Flight Operations
Landing
Flight Operations
Landing
PLT192
Weather
Hazardous
PLT194
Airport Operations
Traffic Patterns
PLT195
Flight Operations
Collision Avoidance
Roundout (Flare)
Thunderstorms
Collision Avoidance
Pilot`s Role

Flight Operations
Approach
PLT196
Airport Operations
Tower Controlled
PLT198
Navigation
Dead Reckoning
PLT206
Atmospheric Effects
PLT208
Navigation
Dead Reckoning
ATIS
Calculations
Calculations

Flight Operations
Landing
PLT214
Aerodynamics
Load Factor
Maneuvering Speed
PLT219
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Ground Reference
PLT221
Flight Operations
Landing
PLT222
Atmospheric Effects
PLT226
Weather
Fog
Meteorology
PLT232
Human Factors
ADM
Risk Management
PLT236
Aerodynamics
Airfoil Design
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
PLT241
Aerodynamics
PLT242
Aerodynamics
Aerodynamics
163
PLT244
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
PLT246
Aerodynamics
PLT251
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
Lubrication
PLT253
Aircraft Systems
Fuel / Oil
Auxiliary / Standby Fuel Pump
Aircraft Systems
Fuel / Oil
Tanks
Aircraft Systems
Fuel / Oil
Venting
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
2-Cycle Engines
PLT254
Aircraft Systems
Fuel / Oil
Tanks
PLT258
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Ground Reference
PLT263
Weather
Fog
Meteorology
PLT270
Human Factors
ADM
Judgment
PLT271
Aircraft Systems
Parachute
Structures
PLT272
Human Factors
ADM
Judgment
PLT278
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
EGT
PLT280
Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
Visual Illusions
PLT290
Weather
Data Dissemination
PLT291
Weather
PLT301
Weather
Temperature
Meteorology
PLT314
Flight Operations
Landing
Touchdown
PLT317
Weather
Microburst
Hazardous
Weather
Meteorology
PLT320
Navigation
Dead Reckoning
Microburst
Navigation
Dead Reckoning
Calculations
PLT323
Navigation
Pilotage
NOTAMS
PLT324
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
2-Cycle Engines
164
Aeronautical Charts
PLT328
Weight and Balance
Aircraft Loading
Limitations
PLT330
Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
Physiological
PLT332
Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
Physiological
PLT334
Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
Physiological
PLT342
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
Cooling
PLT343
Aircraft Systems
Propeller
Reduction Drive
PLT344
Weather
Meteorology
Moisture
PLT346
Aircraft Systems
Steering Bars
PLT348
Aerodynamics
Turning Tendency
PLT349
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Advanced
PLT351
Aircraft Systems
Propeller
PLT353
Weather
Interpret
PLT366
Regulations
NTSB Part 830
Reporting
PLT370
Flight Operations
Ground Track
Collision Avoidance
PLT386
Regulations
Student Certificate
Expiration
PLT393
Airspace
Communications
Restricted Airspace
Airspace
Special Use
Airspace
Special Use
MOA
Airspace
Special Use
Warning Areas
PLT395
Regulations
14CFR Part 1
Crewmember
PLT403
Regulations
14CFR Part 91
Emergency-Priority
PLT405
Regulations
Eligibility
Practical Test
PLT407
Regulations
Flight Review
Proficiency Check
165
PLT411
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Regulations
Endorsements
Flight Instructor
Regulations
Flight Instructor
PLT416
Regulations
NTSB Part 830
PLT418
Regulations
Student Pilot
PLT419
Regulations
Flight Instructor
PLT430
Regulations
Limitations
Regulations
Definition
PLT435
Airport Operations
Communications
CTAF
Airport Operations
Communications
Multicom
Airport Operations
Communications
PLT442
Regulations
Flight Review
Definition
Endorsements
Congested Areas
Unicom Frequency
PLT448
Regulations
14CFR Part 61
Suspended / Revoked
PLT455
Navigation
Pilotage
PLT457
Regulations
Student Pilot
Endorsements
PLT463
Regulations
Alcohol / Drugs
PLT475
Weather
Thunderstorms
Hazardous
PLT478
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
Magnetos
PLT480
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
PLT481
Human Factors
ADM
Judgment
PLT495
Weather
Hazardous
Thunderstorms
PLT501
Weather
Hazardous
Mountain Flying
PLT502
Regulations
14CFR Part 91
ATC Light Signals
Regulations
14CFR Part 91
Regulations
Universal Signals

Airport Operations
Tower Controlled
Light Signals
166
PLT509
Airport Operations
Wake Turbulence
Separation
Airport Operations
Wake Turbulence
PLT512
Weather
Meteorology
Moisture
PLT518
Weather
Hazardous
Turbulence
Weather
Hazardous
Windshear
167
Flight Instructor Sport PilotWeight-Shift-Control (SIW)

Sample Questions
168
FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR SPORT PILOTWEIGHT-SHIFT-CONTROL

(SIW)
Answer: B.
performance?
Answer: C.
A1,341 feet MSL.
B1,451 feet MSL.
C1,562 feet MSL.
Answer: A.

Answer: A.
5.

Answer: B.
169
170

FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR SPORT PILOTWEIGHT-SHIFT-CONTROL (SIW)
Topic
Content
Specific
PLT005
Computations
PLT012
Charts
Computations
Navigation
Dead Reckoning
Calculations
PLT021
Weight and Balance
Aircraft Loading
PLT022
Human Factors
ADM
Hazardous Attitude
Human Factors
Risk Management
ADM
PLT025
Aerodynamics
Physics
PLT040
Airspace
Controlled
Class C
PLT041
Weather
Meteorology
Pressure
PLT044
Airspace
Procedures
Communications
PLT051
Weather
Data Interpretation
PLT052
Regulations
Airspace Classes
Class E Airspace
PLT059
Weather

Weather
PLT061
Weather
Pilot Reports
PLT064
Airspace
Controlled
Class D
Airspace
Controlled
Class E
Airspace
Controlled
Equipment Required
Airspace
Special Use
Alert Areas

Airspace
Controlled
Class B
Navigation
Pilotage
Aeronautical Charts
PLT074
Aerodynamics
Load Factor
171
PLT078
Airport Operations
Tower Controlled
Navigation
Pilotage
Publications
PLT098
Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
PLT101
Navigation
Pilotage
Directory Legend
Navigation
Pilotage
Fitness for Flight
Aeronautical Charts
PLT103
Human Factors
ADM
Hazardous Attitude
PLT112
Flight Operations
Cruise
Coordinated Use of Controls
PLT114
Trikes, The Flex-Wing Flyers
Aircraft Systems
Structures
Crosstube
Aircraft Systems
Structures
Luff Lines
Aircraft Systems
PLT116
Airport Operations
Structures
Washout
Wake Turbulence
Navigation
Pilotage
PLT119
Flight Operations
Approach
Collision Avoidance
PLT124
Atmospheric Effects

Computations
PLT127
Density Altitude

Atmospheric Effects
PLT131
Atmospheric Effects
PLT141
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Ground Effect
Entrance to Runway
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Hold Position
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Runway
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Runway Exit Sign
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Taxiway
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
PLT146
Airport Operations
Traffic Patterns
Segmented Circle
PLT150
Airport Operations
Traffic Patterns
172
PLT161
Regulations
Airspace Classes
Limitations
Regulations
Airspace Classes
VFR Requirements

Airspace
Controlled
Class C
Airspace
Controlled
Class D
Airspace
Controlled
PLT162
Airspace
Uncontrolled
PLT168
Aerodynamics
PLT170
Flight Operations
Approach
Communications
Flight Operations
Landing
Flight Operations
Landing
Roundout (Flare)
PLT190
Aircraft Systems
Fuel / Oil
Carburetor
PLT192
Weather
Hazardous
PLT194
Airport Operations
Traffic Patterns
PLT195
Flight Operations
Collision Avoidance
PLT196
Airport Operations
Tower Controlled
PLT198
Navigation
Dead Reckoning
PLT206
Atmospheric Effects
PLT208
Flight Operations
Landing
PLT214
Aerodynamics
Load Factor
PLT219
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
PLT221
Flight Operations
Landing
PLT222
Atmospheric Effects
PLT226
Weather
Meteorology
PLT232
Human Factors
ADM
PLT236
Aerodynamics
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Class D Airspace
Go Around
Thunderstorms
Collision Avoidance
Pilot`s Role
ATIS
Calculations
Maneuvering Speed
Ground Reference
Fog
Risk Management
Airfoil Design
173
PLT241
Aerodynamics
PLT242
Aerodynamics
Aerodynamics

Aircraft Systems
Wing Tips
PLT244
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
PLT253
Aircraft Systems
Fuel / Oil
Tanks

Aircraft Systems
Fuel / Oil
Tanks
Aircraft Systems
Fuel / Oil
Venting
PLT254
Aircraft Systems
Fuel / Oil
Tanks
PLT258
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Ground Reference
PLT263
Weather
Fog
Meteorology
PLT270
Human Factors
ADM
Judgment
PLT272
Human Factors
ADM
Judgment
PLT280
Human Factors
Visual Illusions
Aeromedical Factors
PLT290
Weather
Data Dissemination
PLT291
Weather
PLT301
Weather
Temperature
Meteorology
PLT314
Flight Operations
Landing
Touchdown
PLT317
Weather
Microburst
Hazardous
Weather
Meteorology
PLT320
Navigation
Dead Reckoning
Microburst
Navigation
Dead Reckoning
Calculations
PLT323
Navigation
Pilotage
NOTAMS
PLT324
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
2-Cycle Engines
PLT328
Weight and Balance
Aircraft Loading
Aeronautical Charts
Limitations
174
PLT330
Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
Physiological
PLT332
Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
Physiological
PLT334
Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
Physiological
PLT343
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
Cooling

Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
2-Cycle Engines
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
Exhaust
Aircraft Systems
Propeller
Reduction Drive
PLT344
Weather
Meteorology
Moisture
PLT346
Aircraft Systems
Keel Pocket
Aircraft Systems
Structures
PLT349
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
PLT351
Aircraft Systems
Crosstube
Advanced
Propeller
PLT353
Weather
Interpret
PLT366
Regulations
NTSB Part 830
Reporting
PLT370
Flight Operations
Ground Track
Collision Avoidance
PLT386
Regulations
Student Certificate
Expiration
PLT393
Airspace
Communications
Restricted Airspace
Airspace
Special Use
Airspace
Special Use
PLT395
Regulations
14CFR Part 1
PLT403
Regulations
14CFR Part 91
PLT405
Regulations
Eligibility
PLT407
Regulations
Flight Review
PLT411
Regulations
Flight Instructor
MOA
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Endorsements
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Limitations
175
Crewmember
Emergency-Priority
Practical Test
Proficiency Check
PLT416
Regulations
NTSB Part 830
Definition
PLT418
Regulations
Student Pilot
PLT419
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Endorsements
PLT430
Regulations
Congested Areas
Regulations
Definition
PLT435
Airport Operations
Communications
CTAF
Airport Operations
Communications
Multicom
Airport Operations
Communications
Unicom Frequency
PLT442
Regulations
Flight Review
PLT448
Regulations
14CFR Part 61
Suspended / Revoked
PLT455
Navigation
Pilotage
PLT457
Regulations
Student Pilot
Endorsements
PLT463
Regulations
Alcohol / Drugs
PLT475
Weather
Thunderstorms
Hazardous
PLT478
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
Magnetos
PLT480
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
PLT481
Human Factors
ADM
PLT495
Weather
Hazardous
PLT501
Weather
Hazardous
PLT502
Regulations
14CFR Part 91
Regulations
14CFR Part 91
Regulations
Universal Signals

Airport Operations
Tower Controlled
Light Signals
PLT509
Airport Operations
Wake Turbulence
Separation
Airport Operations
Wake Turbulence
Judgment
Thunderstorms
Mountain Flying
ATC Light Signals
176
PLT512
Weather
Meteorology
Moisture
PLT518
Weather
Hazardous
Turbulence
Weather
Hazardous
Windshear
177
Flight Instructor Sport PilotGyroplane (SIY)

Sample Questions
178
FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR SPORT PILOTGYROPLANE (SIY)

1. During flight, if you apply cyclic control pressure, which results in a decrease in pitch
Aaft.
Bleft.
Cright.
Answer: A.
Learning Statement: Recall cyclic control pressure-characteristics.
2. Rotor blade flapping action is
Aan undesirable reaction to changes in airspeed and blade angle.
Answer: C.
Learning Statement: Recall rotor system-types/components/operating principles/characteristics.
3. If the ground wire between the magneto and the ignition switch becomes
Answer: C.
Learning Statement: Recall starter/ignition system-types/components/operating
4. A slightly below glide path indication on a 2-bar VASI glide path is indicated by
Atwo red lights over two white lights.
Ctwo red lights over two more red lights.
Answer: C.
Learning Statement: Recall airport operations-visual glideslope indicators.
5.
When the pilot leans the mixture control, what is being accomplished?

Answer: C.
Learning Statement: Recall fuel system-components/operating principles/characteristics/leaks.
179

FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR SPORT PILOTGYROPLANE (SIY)
Topic
Content
Specific
PLT005
Computations
PLT012
Navigation
Dead Reckoning
Navigation
Pilotage
Calculations
Calculations
PLT021
Weight and Balance
Aircraft Loading
PLT022
Human Factors
ADM
Hazardous Attitude
Human Factors
Risk Management
ADM
PLT023
Aircraft Systems
Flight Instruments
Altitude
PLT040
Airspace
Controlled
Class C
PLT044
Airspace
Procedures
Communications
PLT051
Weather
Data Interpretation
Weather
Charts / Maps
PLT059
Weather
PLT063
Weather
PLT064
Airspace
Controlled
Convective Outlook Charts
Airspace
Controlled
Class D
Airspace
Special Use
Alert Areas

Navigation
Pilotage
Aeronautical Charts
PLT068
Weather
Radar Summary Chart
Class B
Data Interpretation
Weather
Charts / Maps
PLT070
Weather
Charts / Maps
PLT074
Aerodynamics
Load Factor
PLT076
Weather
PLT078
Airport Operations
Runway Conditions
Navigation
Pilotage
PLT088
Aircraft Systems
Flight Instruments
180
Stability Chart
Data Dissemination
Gradient
Airspeed Indicator
PLT101
Navigation
Pilotage
Aeronautical Charts
Navigation
Pilotage
PLT107
Aircraft Systems
Electrical
Generator / Alternator
PLT112
Flight Operations
Landing
Crosswind Landing
PLT116
Navigation
Pilotage
PLT124
Atmospheric Effects
PLT125
Flight Operations
Approach
Descents
PLT127
Density Altitude
PLT141
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Prohibited Entry
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Runway
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Runway Exit Sign
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
Taxiway
Airport Operations
Marking / Signs
PLT147
Airport Operations
Lighting
VASI
PLT149
Airport Operations
Taxiing
Taxiing Procedures
PLT150
Airport Operations
Traffic Patterns
PLT161
Regulations
Airspace Classes
VFR Requirements

Airspace
Controlled
PLT162
Airspace
Uncontrolled
PLT191
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
PLT194
Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
Class E
Class D Airspace
Carburetor Systems
Fitness for Flight

Visual Illusions
PLT195
Flight Operations
Collision Avoidance
Pilot`s Role
PLT196
Airport Operations
ATIS
Tower Controlled
PLT198
Navigation
Dead Reckoning
Calculations
PLT206
Atmospheric Effects
181
PLT208
Flight Operations
PLT214
Aerodynamics
Load Factor
Maneuvering Speed
PLT215
Aircraft Systems
Flight Instruments
Acceleration Error
Aircraft Systems
Compass
Flight Instruments
Aircraft Systems
Flight Instruments
PLT219
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Deviation Error
Basic

Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Ground Reference
PLT222
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Basic
Flight Operations
Takeoff
PLT232
Human Factors
ADM
Soft Field
Human Factors
Risk Management
Hazardous Attitude
ADM
PLT240
Weight and Balance
Center of Gravity
PLT250
Aircraft Systems
Fuel / Oil
PLT258
Flight Operations
Maneuvers
Ground Reference
PLT260
Aircraft Systems
Rotor
Blade Flap
PLT271
Human Factors
ADM
Risk Management
PLT278
Aircraft Systems
Pitot / Static
Airspeed Indicator
PLT283
Weather
Charts / Maps
Constant Pressure Chart
PLT291
Weather
Data Dissemination
PLT309
Aerodynamics
Load Factor
PLT314
Weight and Balance
Center of Gravity
Formulas
PLT320
Navigation
Dead Reckoning
Aeronautical Charts
PLT323
Navigation
NOTAMS
Pilotage
PLT328
Weight and Balance
Aircraft Loading
Limitations
182
PLT343
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
Cooling
Aircraft Systems
Powerplant
Power
PLT370
Flight Operations
Collision Avoidance
Ground Track
PLT393
Airspace
Communications
Restricted Airspace
Airspace
Special Use
MOA
Airspace
Special Use
Warning Areas
PLT407
Regulations
Flight Review
Proficiency Check
Regulations
Cheating
PLT411
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Regulations
Flight Instructor
PLT418
Regulations
Student Pilot
PLT435
Airport Operations
Communications
Endorsements
Limitations
Unicom Frequency
PLT448
Regulations
14CFR Part 61
Change of Address
Regulations
FAA Certificates
Change of Address
PLT455
Navigation
Pilotage
PLT457
Regulations
14CFR Part 61
Endorsements
Regulations
Student Pilot
PLT470
Aerodynamics
Endorsements
Aerodynamics
Negative G Maneuver
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Flight Operations
PLT501
Weather
Maneuvers
Hazardous
Mountain Flying
Weather
Meteorology
Unstable Air
Forward Flight
PLT502
Regulations
14CFR Part 91
ATC Light Signals
Regulations
14CFR Part 91
Regulations
Universal Signals

Airport Operations
Tower Controlled
Light Signals
PLT509
Airport Operations
Wake Turbulence
Separation
Wake Turbulence
Hazardous
Icing
Hazardous
Turbulence
Airport Operations
PLT511
Weather
PLT518
Weather
183
Military Competence Instructor (MCI)

Sample Questions
184
MILITARY COMPETENCE INSTRUCTOR (MCI)

1. If the outside air temperature (OAT) at a given altitude is warmer than standard, the
density altitude is
Aequal to pressure altitude.
Blower than pressure altitude.
Chigher than pressure altitude.
Answer: C.
Learning Statement: Calculate aircraft performance density altitude.
2. Which is the best technique for minimizing the wing-load factor when flying in severe
turbulence?
AControl airspeed with power, maintain wings level, and accept variations of altitude.
BControl airspeed as closely as possible with elevator and power, and accept variations of
bank and altitude.
CSet power and trim to obtain an airspeed at or below maneuvering speed, maintain wings
level, and accept variations of airspeed and altitude.
Answer: C.
Learning Statement: Recall load factor maneuvering / stall speed.
3. (Refer to figure 17.) What load factor would be created if positive 30 feet per second
gusts were encountered at 130 knots?
A3.8.
B3.0.
C2.0.
Answer: B.
Learning Statement: Interpret information on a Velocity/Load Factor Chart.
4. (Refer to figure 30.) Using a maximum demonstrated crosswind component equal to

0.2 VSO, what is a pilot able to determine?
VSO
Landing Rwy
Wind
60 kts
12
150 at 20 kts
AHeadwind component exceeds recommended limits.

BCrosswind component is within safe limits.
CMaximum demonstrated crosswind component is exceeded.
Answer: B.
Learning Statement: Calculate crosswind / headwind components.
185
5. You endorse the back of a student pilot certificate for solo cross-country privileges in
a helicopter. As a flight instructor, you know that
Ayou may limit the cross-country privileges to a specific make and model by making a
notation on the student pilot certificate.
Bthe student may exercise cross-country privileges in any make and model for which he/she
has a solo flight endorsement on the student certificate.
Cthe student must have a logbook endorsement authorizing solo cross-country privileges in
the specific make and model.
Answer: C.
Learning Statement: Recall regulations student pilot endorsements / other endorsements.
186
GRAPHICS FOR MILITARY COMPETENCE INSTRUCTOR SAMPLE QUESTIONS
Figure 17
Figure 30
187
LIST OF REFERENCE MATERIALS SPECIFIC TO THE MILITARY COMPETENCE

INSTRUCTOR (MCI) KNOWLEDGE TEST
Topic
Content
Specific
PLT018
Aerodynamics
Load Factor
PLT021
Weight and Balance
Aircraft Loading
Shifting Weight
Weight and Balance
Center of Gravity
Computations
Weight and Balance
Center of Gravity
Shifting Weight

Weight and Balance
Aircraft Loading
Limitations
Weight and Balance
Aircraft Loading
Shifting Weight
Weight and Balance
Center of Gravity
Shifting Weight
PLT022
Human Factors
ADM
Hazardous Attitude
PLT051
Weather
Data Interpretation
PLT059
Weather
PLT063
Weather
Radar Summary Chart
PLT064
Airspace
Class E
Controlled
Airspace
Controlled
PLT068
Weather
PLT081
Weather
Equipment Required
Weather
Data Dissemination
PLT096
Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
Physiological
Data Interpretation
PLT097
Human Factors
Environmental Factors
Carbon Monoxide
PLT103
Human Behavior
Control of Human Behavior
Human Factors
ADM
PLT104
Hazardous Attitude
Situational Awareness
PLT112
Aerodynamics
Stall / Spins
ADM
Spin Recovery
PLT113
Regulations
14CFR Part 1
Regulations
188
PLT118
Instrument Procedures
Basic Flight Instruments
Attitude Indicator
Gyroscopic Systems
PLT127
Weather
Meteorology
PLT146
Regulations
Class D Airspace
PLT161
Regulations
14CFR Part 91
Equipment
Turn Coordinator
Density Altitude
Minimum Altitudes
ATC Transponder and Altitude Reporting
Regulations
Airspace Classes
Regulations
Airspace Classes
Regulations
Airspace Classes
Regulations
Weather Minimums
Special VFR
PLT162
Regulations
Airspace Classes
Regulations
Class B Airspace
PLT163
Regulations
14CFR Part 91
Regulations
Airspace Classes
Regulations
Weather Minimums
PLT166
PLT172
Regulations
Airspace Classes
PLT185
PLT186
PLT187
Special VFR
Turn-and-Slip Indicator
Pitch
Fundamental Skills
Bank
Bank
PLT204
Teaching Process
PLT211
Evaluation
Assessment
Teaching Aids
Teaching Process
PLT215
PLT226
Weather
Meteorology
Assessment
Bank
Fog
189
PLT227
PLT228
Teaching Process
Learning Process
Learning Transfer
Learning Process
Perceptions
Lesson Plan
Practice
PLT229
Learning Process
Learning Theory
PLT230
Human Behavior
Flight Instructor as a Practical Psychologist
PLT231
Human Factors
ADM
Stress Management
Human Behavior
Stress
Learning Process
PLT232
Human Behavior
Perceptions
Defense Mechanisms
PLT233
Human Behavior
Defense Mechanisms
PLT240
Aerodynamics
Wing

Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
Effects of Adverse Balance
Aerodynamics
Weight and Balance
Stability / Control
PLT242
Aerodynamics
PLT245
Aerodynamics
Stall / Spins
Steep Spiral
PLT263
Weather
Icing
Hazardous
PLT269
Human Behavior
Defense Mechanisms
PLT272
Human Factors
ADM
Judgment

Human Behavior
Defense Mechanisms
PLT277
Regulations
Aircraft Lights
PLT278
Airspeed Changes
PLT290
Weather
Data Dissemination
PLT291
Weather
Data Dissemination
190
PLT295
Objectives
Fatigue
Learning Process
Learning Transfer
Instructor Resources
Fatigue
PLT297
Unusual Attitude Recovery
PLT306
Learning Process
Learning Theory
Learning Process
Learning Process
PLT307
Learning Transfer
Learning Process
Learning Theory
Learning Process
Memory
PLT308
Learning Process
Insights
Learning Process
Learning Theory
Learning Process
Motivation
Oral Assessment
Learning Process
PLT322
Navigation
Radio
PLT330
Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
PLT332
Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
PLT334
Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
Perceptions
VOR
Physiological
Physiological

Human Factors
Aeromedical Factors
Physiological
PLT344
Weather
Moisture
Meteorology
PLT372
Regulations
Annual Inspection
Regulations
Expiration
Regulations
Documentation
PLT374
Regulations
Responsibilities
PLT384
Regulations
Pilot in Command
PLT386
Regulations
14CFR Part 61
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Regulations
Student Certificate
Expiration
Regulations
Student Certificate
Issuing Authority
191
PLT399
Regulations
Documentation
PLT404
Regulations
Equipment
Locator Transmitter
PLT405
Regulations
Eligibility
Practical Test
Regulations
Eligibility
Student Pilot

Regulations
Equipment
Regulations
Equipment
PLT406
Regulations
Equipment
VFR Night Flights
Inoperative
PLT407
Regulations
14CFR Part 61
Regulations
Eligibility
Flight Time
Regulations
Eligibility
Practical Test
Regulations
Flight Review
Proficiency Check
Regulations
Flight Training
Previous Foreign Instruction
Regulations
Flight Training
Towing Gliders
Regulations
Cheating
Regulations
Regulations
Type Rating
Additional Training
PLT409
Regulations
14CFR Part 61
Eligibility
Regulations
Commercial Pilot
Logging Flight Time
Regulations
Eligibility
Flight Time
PLT411
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Endorsements
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Limitations
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Requirements
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Training
PLT414
Regulations
Right of Way
PLT415
Regulations
14CFR Part 91
Preflight Action
PLT418
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Endorsements
Regulations
Student Pilot
PLT419
Regulations
Eligibility
Regulations
Endorsements
Flight Instructor

Teaching Process
PLT425
Regulations
Documentation
PLT430
Regulations
192
PLT435
Airport Operations
Communications
Multicom
PLT437
Regulations
Equipment
Over Water
PLT438
Regulations
Pressure Altitude
Supplemental Oxygen
PLT442
Regulations
Flight Review
Regulations
Pilot in Command
Regulations
Private Pilot
Regulations
Type Rating
PLT443
Regulations
14CFR Part 61
Flight Review
Regulations
Type Rating
PLT445
Regulations
Pre-Flight
Requirements
PLT447
Regulations
14CFR Part 61
Regulations
Validity Period
Medical Certificate
PLT448
Regulations
FAA Certificates
Change of Address
Regulations
Endorsements
Student Certificate
Regulations
Student Certificate
PLT451
Regulations
Expiration
Regulations
Commercial Pilot
Limitations
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Requirements
Requirements
Regulations
Student Pilot
PLT457
Regulations
14CFR Part 61
Regulations
14CFR Part 61
Regulations
G
14CFR Part 61
Minimum Age-Student Pilot Certificate other than
Regulations
Flight Instructor
Endorsements
Regulations
Student Certificate
Endorsements
Regulations
Student Certificate
Limitations
Regulations
Student Pilot
Endorsements
Endorsements
PLT460
Regulations
Student Pilot
Solo Requirements
PLT467
Regulations
Flight Altitude
VFR
PLT477
Aerodynamics
Load Factor
PLT480
Aerodynamics
Stability / Control
193
PLT481
Evaluation
Instructor as a Critic
Lesson Plans
Assessment
Learning Process
PLT482
Regulations
Eligibility
Learning Theory
Regulations
Student Evaluation
Flight Instructor
Practical Test

Assessment
Oral Assessment
Oral Quizzing
Test Questions
Teaching Methods
Assessment
Teaching Process
Assessment
Teaching Process
PLT484
Regulations
14CFR Part 1
PLT487
Professionalism
Learning Process
Teaching Methods
Vs
Teaching Aids
PLT488
Teaching Methods
Group Learning
Guided Discussion
Teaching Methods
Teaching Methods
Lecture
PLT489
Learning Process
Teaching Process
PLT490
Learning Process
Learning Theory
Learning Process
Motivation
PLT491
49 CFR part 1544
Learning Process
Principles of Learning

Evaluation
Blocks of Learning
Teaching Methods
Lecture
Teaching Methods
Lesson Preparation
PLT505
Teaching Methods
Computer-Based Training Method
Teaching Aids
PLT508
Regulations
14CFR Part 91
91. 413 ( a )
Regulations
PLT511
Weather
Equipment
Testing / Inspection
Hazardous
Mountain Flying
Weather
Meteorology
Air Masses
194

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FAA-G-8082-7

FLIGHT AND GROUND INSTRUCTOR

U.S. Department of Transportation

Fundamentals of Instructing ......................................... FOI

KNOWLEDGE TEST ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS

ROLE OF THE INSTRUCTOR

KNOWLEDGE AREAS ON THE TESTS

DESCRIPTIONS OF THE TESTS

Flight InstructorSport Airplane

Flight InstructorAirplaneAdded Rating

Military Competence Instructor

APPLICANT IDENTIFICATION AND TEST AUTHORIZATION

TEST TAKING TIPS

Carefully read the instructions given with the test.

USE OF TEST AIDS AND MATERIALS

TESTING PROCEDURES FOR APPLICANTS REQUESTING SPECIAL ACCOMMODATIONS

CHEATING OR OTHER UNAUTHORIZED CONDUCT

REQUESTING YOUR TEST BE HAND-SCORED

AIRMAN KNOWLEDGE TEST REPORTS

Code of Federal Regulations

Computer Testing Supplements

Knowledge Test Centers

Sample Knowledge Test questions

Knowledge Test Statistics

Learning Statement Reference Guide

Practical Test Standards

Type Certificate Data Sheets

Fundamentals of Instructing (FOI)

FUNDAMENTALS OF INSTRUCTING (FOI)

LIST OF REFERENCE MATERIALS SPECIFIC TO THE

Aeronautical Decision Making

Developing Communication Skills

Instructional Aids / Training Technologies

Instructor Responsibilities / Professionalism Evaluation

Instructor Responsibilities / Professionalism Pre Solo Requirements

Integrated Flight Instruction

Integrated Flight Instruction

Planning Instructional Activity

Planning Instructional Activity

Instructor Responsibilities / Professionalism Evaluation

Instructor Responsibilities / Professionalism Professionalism

Planning Instructional Activity

Obstacles to Learning During Flight Instruction

Instructor Responsibilities / Professionalism Professionalism

Planning Instructional Activity

Instructor Responsibilities / Professionalism Professionalism

Developing Communication Skills

Instructor Responsibilities / Professionalism Professionalism

Planning Instructional Activity

Planning Instructional Activity

Instructional Aids / Training Technologies

Computer-Based Training Method

Ground Instructor Basic (BGI)

GROUND INSTRUCTOR BASIC (BGI)

5. What is true altitude?

LIST OF REFERENCE MATERIALS SPECIFIC TO THE

Climb / Cruise Performance Data

Determining Density Altitude

Computing Takeoff / Climb Distance

Determing Takeoff Distance

Determining Crosswind Component

FAA-H-8083-3 - Airplane Flying Handbook

Determining Crosswind Component