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INDEFINITE INTEGRATION

By:- Nishant Gupta

For any help contact:

9953168795, 9268789880

INDEFINITE INTEGRATION

Important Substitutions
Expression

Substitution

a2 + x2

x = a tan

or

x = a cot

a2 - x2

x = a sin

or

x = a cos

x2 - a2

x = a sec

or

x = a cosec

ax
or
ax
x
or
x

ax
ax
( x )( x)

Same important results

1
dx
-1 x
a 2 + x 2 = a tan a + C
xa
1
dx
x 2 - a 2 = 2a log x a + C

x = a cos2

x = a cos2 + sin2

[use x = tan or x = cot to derive the result]

[use x = sec or x = cosec to derive the result]

ax
1
dx
=
log
+ C [use x = cos or x = a sin to derive the result]
2
ax
2a
-x
dx
= log x x 2 a 2 + C [use x = a tan or x = cot derive the result]
2
2
x a
dx
= log x x 2 a 2 + C [use x = a sec or x = a cosec derive the
2
2
x a
dx
x
= sin-1 + C
[use x = a sin or x = a cos derive the result]
a
a2 x2

Nishant Gupta, D-122, Prashant vihar, Rohini, Delhi-85

Contact: 9953168795, 9268789880

result]

1
x
= sec-1
+ C [use x = a sec or x = a cosec derive the result]

x 2
a
x a2 a
2
x
2
2
2
2
2
2 a
[use x = tan or x =cot derive the
a x dx = 2 a x 2 log x a x + C
result]
2
a
x
2
2
2
2
2
2
x a dx = 2 x a + 2 log x x a + C [use x = sec or x =cosec derive
the result]
2
a
x
-1 x
2
2
2
2
[use x = sin or x =cos derive the
a x dx = 2 a x + 2 sin a + C
result]
Integrals of the type
dx

px q
p( x)
px q
dx,
(b)
dx,
(c) 2
dx
bx c
ax bx c
ax 2 bx c
Where p (x) is a polynomial of degree greater than or equal to 2.
To evaluate the integrals of type (a) and (b) we express the linear factor in the numerator as: px +
q = m (derivative of quadratic expression in the denominator) + n (where m and n are unknown
constant to be determined by equating the coefficients of x and constant terms on both sides)
(a)

ax

px + q = m (2 ax + b) + n
(i)
2am = p

and

Solving (i) and (ii), we get m= pl2a

Consider type (a)
px q
p
ax2 bx c dx = 2a

(ii)

mb + n = q
and n= q-bp/2a

2ax b
dx +
2
bx c

ax

bp
1

dx
q 2
2a ax bx c

Consider type (b)

px q
ax bx c
px q
2

ax bx c
2

dx =

p
2a

dx =

p
a

2ax b

bp
1

dx + q
dx
2
2a

ax bx c
ax bx c
1
bp

dx
ax 2 bx c + q
2a
ax 2 bx c

Consider type (c)

Q (x) +

R( x)
, where R(x) is a linear function of x.
ax bx c
2

Nishant Gupta, D-122, Prashant vihar, Rohini, Delhi-85

Contact: 9953168795, 9268789880

P( x)
R( x)
dx = Q( x)dx 2
dx
bx c
ax bx c
a sin x b cos x
Integrals of the type
dx.
c sin x d cos x
To evaluate this type of integrals express numerator follows:
Numerator = m (Derivative of Denominator) + n(denominator)
Therefore

ax

(a sinx + b cosx) = m (c cosx d sinx) + n (sinx + d cosx)

Where m and n constants to be determined by comparing the coefficients of sinz and cosx on both
sides.
Therefore,
a sin x b cos x

c sin x d cos x dx =

m(c cos x d sin x) n(c sin x d cos x)

dx
c sin x d cos x

d
(c sin x d cos x)
dx
=m
dx + n dx
c sin x d cos x
= mln |csinx + d cosx| + nx + C
Integration by parts
When integrand involves more than one type of functions we may solve them by the use of a rule
which is known as integration by Parts. The rule, its derivation and uses are given below :
Derivation of the result
d
dv
du
We known that
(uv) = u
+v
dx
dx
dx
d(uv) = udv + vdu
d (uv) = udv + vdu

udv = uv - vdu

If we take u as part 1 and dv as part 2, then the above result can be written as :
(part 1) (part 2)= (part 1) [integral of part 2] - [integral of part 2] [differential of part 1]
Integration by partial fractions
The integrals of rational functions can be evaluated by splitting them into partial franctions. An
expression containing a polynomial in numerator and another polynomial in denominator is called
a rational function.

Rational Function f(x) =

polynomialN ( x)
polynomialD( x)

Nishant Gupta, D-122, Prashant vihar, Rohini, Delhi-85

Contact: 9953168795, 9268789880

Case - I
It the degree of numerator is less than the degree of denominator, we can split the rational function
into simpler fractions according to the factors of denominator.
For example :
x
x
1
3
Let f(x) =
=
=
f(x) =
2
( x 1)(2 x 3)
2 x 5x 3
x 1 2x 1
1
3
and
are known as partial fractions of f(x).
x 1
2x 1
The integral of f(x) can now be evaluated as the sum of the integrals of its partial fractions.

f (x) dx = -log |x-1| + 3/2 log |2x-3| + C

Case II
If the degree of N (x) is greater than or equal to the degree of D (x), we divide N (x) and D (x) so
N (x)
R (x)
that the rational functional
is expressed in the form Q(x) +
where Q(x) less than the
D (x)
D (x)
degree of D(x).
R (x)
Now as Q(x) is a polynomial, it can be easily integrated and to integrate
we make use of
D (x)
partial fractions as we have done in Case I
R (x)
The resolution of
into partial fractions depends upon the nature of the factors of
D (x)
denominator D(x) as discussed below.

dx
linear
To evaluate these type of integrals we substitute linear = t. this substitution will reduce the
integral to one of the known forms.
Integrals of the type:

linear

dx

Integrals of the type:

quadratic

type of integrals we substitute

known forms.

linear .

To evaluate these

linear = t. this substitution will reduce the integral to one of the

Nishant Gupta, D-122, Prashant vihar, Rohini, Delhi-85

Contact: 9953168795, 9268789880

Integrals of the type:

(ax

dx
2

b) cx 2 d

1
To evaluate these type of integrals we substitute x = . This substitution will reduce the integral to
t
one of the known forms.
dx

Integrals of the type: linear quadratic

1
To evaluate these type of integrals we substitute Linear= . This substitution will reduce the
t
integral to one of the known forms.

Nishant Gupta, D-122, Prashant vihar, Rohini, Delhi-85

Contact: 9953168795, 9268789880

(b) log | sec 7x sec 2x | + c

Assignment
1.

(c) tan-1 (x2 + 3), where x = tan

If 1 sin x . f x dx

2
1 sin x 3 2 c then
3

f(x) equals

2.

3.

(d) N/T
8.

(a) 1 + logx

(c) tan x

(d) 1

(c) x log ( 1 + log x) (d) log (1 +log x)

cos

xe

logsin x

dx is equal to :

9.

dx

= a tan

-1

x + b tan-1 x/2 + c

(a) (sin 4 x) / 4 c (b) (cos 4 x) / 4 c

(c) e sin x / 4 c

(a) 1/3 & - 1/ 6

(b) 1/3 & 1/ 6

(c) 1/3 & - 1/ 3

(d) 2/3 & - 1/ 6

(d) N/T

x e1 e x 1
dx is
xe ex

10.

(b) e log( x e )

e x dx
x

1 e x 2

(c)

(a)
(c)

(d)

ex 2

x 3e x
x 42

x 42

x sin 2 x

(b)
(d)

e x 1

3 dx
x 1
1 x
a log
b tan
2
x

1
2
4

x 1x

ex
c
x 3

x 42

13.
c

(a) 1 / 2,1 / 2

(b) 1 / 2,1 / 2

(c) (-1, 1)

(d) N/T

(1 tan x tan

x ) e x dx

(a) ex secx +c

(b) ex tanx + c

(c) ex cosx +c

(d) N/T
x

1 sin x dx tan 2 a b, then :

1

(c) cot x + tan x + c (d) cot x tan x + c

cos 3 x cos 5 x

sin

x sin 4 x

(d) None of these.

dx is

(a) sin x - 6tan-1 (sinx ) + c

(b) sin x - 6tan-1 (sinx ) - 2(sin x)-1 + c
(c) sin x- 2(sin x)-1 + c
(d) sin x - 6tan-1 (sinx ) + 5(sin x)-1 + c

(b) cot x + tan x + c

sin 5x
d x is equal to :
cos 7 x cos 2x

(a) a / 4, b R (b) a / 4, b R

dx is equal to:

(a) cot x tan x + c

2x

If

(c) a 5 / 4, b R

cos 2x
2

12.

ex 2

dx

ex
c
x4

cos

11.
ex 2

(b) log x
e 1

e x 1

then (a,b) is

e x 1

(a) log x
e 2

7.

(d) x + log x

1 x 2 4
then a & b are

(c) e-1 log( x e ) (d) N/T

6.

(b) sin x

(a) log ( x e )

5.

x x log x dx is :

(a) cos x

4.

The value of

14.

The differential coefficient of a log10cos ec

(a)

a log10 cos ec
1

cos ec x

(a) log | sec 7 x | + c

Nishant Gupta, D-122, Prashant vihar, Rohini, Delhi-85

Contact: 9953168795, 9268789880

1
x x 2 1

log10 a

is

 a log10 cos ec

(b)

cos ec 1 x
a log10 cos ec

(c)

| x | x 2 1

(d)

15.

| x | x 2 1

log a 10

(c) 1 x 2

log a 10

1/ 3

22.

2/3

1 x
2x

(a)

5x
x

1 x x x 2
x 1 x

23.
dx is :

24.

19.

If

5 3

is

dx

2 1 x3 x

5 2

+ (b)

x 2 2x

1 x

(a) A =sin a

(b) B = cos a

(c) A = cos a

(d) B = sina

xie x C

(b)

i 0

x e

i x

i 1

(c)

x e

i x

(d) N/T

i 1

20.

x 1 1

x
2
x x

ex

dx =
(b) log | cot-1 ex | + c

x x 1

n 5

dx

dx =

25.

(d) xe x x c

f (log x ) f (log x )dx

is

(a) x f (logx) + c

(b) x -1 f (logx) + c

(c) f (logx) + c

(d) N/T

If

dx is

e x 3x 5 x 1
x

x 1
2

2x 1
x 1
2

x2

(c) ex

+c

7 x 5 6 x 4 5x 3 4 x 2 3x 1 e x dx is
6

(a)

(a) ex

(b) ex
(d) ex

x2
x 2 1
2x 1
x 2 1

sec4 x cosec2 x dx = a tan3 x + b tan x + c

cotx + constant, then a,b,c are

sin x
dx = Ax + B log sin (xa)+C then
sin( x a)

1 x x e

(c) ln (x5 + x3 + 1 + (2x12 + 5x9 )+ c(d) N/T

18.

2x

(c) x.e x x c

(d) 2 (1+x)3/2 + C

x 10

1 e tan

(d) None of these.

c (d) N/T

(c) (1+x)1/2 + C
12

ex

n6

(a) x 1. e x x c (b) x 1.e x x c

/ 2c

1
2
(1+x)1/2 + C (b)
(1+x)3/2 + C
3
2

(a)

2 / 3

The value of

(b) 1 x 3

(c) 1 x 3

n4

x 1 / x n 6

C (b)

(a) ( tan-1 ex)2 + c

dx

3 2/3

17.

(a)

(c) log | tan 1 ex | + c (d) None

x x 1
(a) 1 x
3

x 1 / x n 4

log10 a

21.

cos ec 1 x

16.

1
| x | x 2 1

cos ec x
log10 cos ec 1x

26.

(a) 1/3, 1, 2

(b) 1/3, 2, -1

(c) 1/3, 0, 1

(d) N/T

x1/ 4

1 x

1/ 2

dx is equal to:

x3/ 4
(a) 4
x 1 / 4 tan 1 x 1 / 4
3

x3/ 4
(b) 4
x 1 / 4 tan 1 x 1 / 4
3

x3/ 4
(c) 4
x 1 / 4 tan 1 x 1 / 4
3

Nishant Gupta, D-122, Prashant vihar, Rohini, Delhi-85

Contact: 9953168795, 9268789880

(d) N/T

27.

28.

29.

x sin x

1 cos x dx is:

The value of

(x / 2 )

(a) x sin ( x / 2)

(b) x cos

(c) x tan ( x / 2 )

(d) x sin x + cos x.

33.

1 tan x tan( x a)dx

1 x

1 x

+c

(d)

x 2 1
xe x

x x2 x3

(a) 2 tan-1

1
1 c
x

sin( x a)
c
sin x

(b) -2 tan-1

1
1 c
x

(b) cot a ln

sin( x a)
c
sin x

(c) -2 tan-1

1
1 c
x

(c) cot a ln

sin x
c
sin( x a)

(d) -2 tan-1

1
1 c
x

(d) cot a ln

cos x
c
cos( x a)

34.

x cos x
x

5 x 10
x 16

x
x cos x

35.

(d) None

r 1/ r

a (1 x 3 ) b where r N ,

(a) 6x2 - x -1 = 0

(b) 6x2 - x + 2 = 0

(c) 6x2 - x - 2 = 0

(d) 6x2 + x + 2 = 0

Let f(x) be a polynomial of degree 3 such that

f(0) =1, f(1) = 2 and 0 is a critical point of f(x)
which does not have a local extremum at 0.
f (x)
Then
dx equals
x2 7

dx

1
5
1

50 x 10

dx

then a & b are roots of

1
5
1
5
(a)
1 10 c (b)
1 10 c
75 x
50 x

(c)

x 1 x
r

(cos x x sin x )dx

x ( x cos x )

(c) log

If

+c

dx

(a) tan a ln

(a) log x(x cos x) (b) log

30.

(c) ( x+1/x )

ex

1/ 2

c (d)

1
5
1

75 x 10

(a)

1 2
(x + 7)3/2 7(x2 + 7)1/2 + log|x +
3

x2 7 |

(b)

1 2 3/2
2
(x +7) +5(x2+7)1/2 + log|x +
3
3

x2 7 |

(c)

1 2 3/2 3 2 1/2
(x +7) (x +7) +log|x +
3
5

3/ 2

x2 7 |

(d) none of these

31.

If f(x) = f(x) & f(0) = 2 then

(a) log (3+8ex) + c

3 4 f (x)
f (x)dx

36.

(b)4-1 log (3+8ex) + c

32.

dx

(a) ex + c

x 2 1
e x dx

(c)
37.

is

(b)

x 2 1
e x

f ( x ) xe x f ( x) e x then f (x) is

(a) 1

(c) 2-1 log (3+8ex) + c (d) N/T

x 2 1

x 1e

(b) x

ex

If f(x) =

(d) x -1

m 1

dx then f m1 ( x) 0

if m is
+c

(a) ve integer

(b) non-integer

(c) +ve int.

(d) 0

Nishant Gupta, D-122, Prashant vihar, Rohini, Delhi-85

Contact: 9953168795, 9268789880

38.

x(x

) (2 log x 1)dx

(a) (xx )x + c

(b) log (x) x + c

(c) xx + c

(d) N/T

39. d

tan(cos 1 e x )e x
1 e 2x

(a) tan (cos1 ex) + C

(c)

ex
1 e 2x

Nishant Gupta, D-122, Prashant vihar, Rohini, Delhi-85

Contact: 9953168795, 9268789880

dx =

(b) cos1 ex + C
(d) x + C