Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Alroya Newspaper 30-03-2015
Alroya Newspaper 30-03-2015
issue No (1557)
fdG he VGSG
edG IQGOEG jG
04 ........................ 03 ........................
U 20
..
www.alroya.om
jdG FQ dG jG
FdG M
info@alroya.info
jdH jQd fG De `a QJ dG
Jh ,dGh KZEG fEG dG
hdG Ife e d cG eGdG
YGdGh dG QGd Vs J dG
``cG``` ` dG `````J EG ``a``` VEG ,h`` ` ` Gh
`````Y ``j``` Jh AG`` ` `dG `` eC` `J `````Y
``D` G ``` j ``` c ,QG`` ` ` d ``H``` ` ` SG
VdG ``Y``d GQh`` `dG GQ````e L EG
dhO s CG cdH jGh .jQH fEG
hCG ``D` G aSG ``b ``f``c ``j```dG
YO dG KCG d c M ;dGh
``D`G ``JC` jh ,``jQ```S ``` ` fEG ```V``dG
``dh```G ```f````fEG O`````d `````J ``d``` dG
j ```M ;``cQ``` ` G h`` dG ``a``c ``e
Yd YdG e mje n L DG G``g
.jQS fEG VdG
jDhdG
t - jdG - e
Q``` c``dG ``` e `` SCG`` j ,m `` ` `S `m `````H
jRh dG S H fi H GY
dG IQGOEG FQ ffdG hDdG
dG n ` ah ,``j``G ```YC`d fdG
Yd fd ``d```dG ``D` G Q````G
Y eGh ,jQS fEG VdG
.AKdG kGZ jdG dhO
o
eCG S jYH DG da Jh
``H``G ``` MCG ````U dG ``j```dG ``dhO
,IG CG e e hdHh ,dG
fi `````e 100 `` e `` `cCG ``cQ``` ` h
YH e T 140h dhOh bEGh
J S ``D`G jh .``G dG
fG IOdH dG bH e Gk je j dG dL
s fo dG - dG T - e
r
,eCG ,JYLG 26`dG JQhO HdG sdG NG
IM Y Hf dG ah SCGJh ..dG T YEH
M- G S H SHb dG dG MU
S BG Q``W H SCG udG tdG oMU -``YQh G
.dG dL
coe HY I``b H QG``b Y ``s ``dG `r `` aGhh
o
EG ,G LGJ dG eCG jdG LGoe EG J
.QNG eCG IdG hdG cQe CG Y f
s QGdG s CG
eCG HdG f J dG- dG T YEG cCGh
A``` ` YCG h`` `dG Rn G`` ` `YG -``` H``` dG h`` `dG ```e`` ``` dG
jDhdG
t - e
dGY A - jDhdG
t
``````dG `` `jRh ``` ` ` dG ``q ```S ``H ``s ` fio `````dG ``` e Qn` ```r UCG
hDT IFGO I``FGO AfEH j ``jv QGRh kGQG``b ,YLG
```T```Jh ,``` Y``` ` LG ``j``Y``` d ``e``` dG ``j``j````d ``` H``J ,G
jYdGh ,YLG eGh G b N e JUNG
gQhO jJh ,G UTCH VdH IFGdG Jh
.dG
t
v YLG edG IG cQG e h ,G feh
ac H edG dGh cGdG CGe jJh ,vjObGh v SSh
.G OG``aCGh G SCGh UGh gCGh eG YdG
,G `` eG ``eG``dG jJh ``YO EG I``FG``dG ```Jh
gJ Heh H UG WdG ``eG``dGh G OG``YEGh
G O EG eGdG eGdGh dG jYdG eGH dP
03
.bdG GP G e dH
r `` UCG
dG dG sSD G`` YG ```F ```dG dG IQGRh Q`
L Y FdG MCG Jh ,SGQdG JgDe dOeh fdG Z
f N e hCG SGQO IRLEG hCG e hCG H dG QN SQGdG
``eG``dGh GQh``d``c ``` O``cCG ``Z ``gD` G ```Y ````J a ,```U``G
.dGh G jQdG
r ``U ```dG- FdG sJh
-dG dG I``jRh e ``e QG```H Q`
G G e 10 jYh ,IQGR`` dG ch IOS SFH n J
j ````a ``U`````NG `` g`` rMnh `````dG ``` d ``` j ````Hh ,``dhD` ` ` Gh
br hn dG d Rj c ,H GYG jJ hCG AdEG hCG GOH GYH
GPEG fdG Z dG dG SD SQGdG fdG dG dG
r G GPEG hCG ,FdG OGe iMEG dN
r
ddG dd hCG V AGS ;GRhH JC
.
H
fdG
ddG
hCG
15
dG jDhdG
dG EG dG ah SCGJ Sq ..dG dL Y Hf
`
Y
G
C
`
`
`
Y
Qh
G
M
`
Yh
G H dG gGdG GQdG e edG
S BG QJ H Q`W H `SCG `dG dG
t MU
id FGdG Hheh HdG e jQL id G
HdG
hdG
eL
jOdG
HdG
dG
D
ce
```H``Y ``bG``e fd i`````dG IQh``` ` dG
Y Hf dG ah SCGJ CG H dG dL
.dhDG e OYh HdG hdG eL
fdG - dG T - e
eCG JYLG 26 `dG JQhO HdG dG NG
IM Y Hf dG ah SCGJh .dG T YEH
s o G S H SHb dG dG MU
M -
S BG QW H SCG udG dG
t MU - YQh G
J dG dG T YEG cCGh. dG dL u o
RGYG HdG h``dG e dG ``eCG HdG f
dG i``c``dG HdG eH A````YCG h``dG
IO``` dGh A```Y``dG U G``` dG ``jO`` ,```F````fE
AYCG hdG H dG KJ IQhV e SDG
fUh H hd k SdG N Jh
.G ```KG``J Y ```a```Gh JOSh dS
edG ``eCG CG AYCG h``dG QSG ``YEG ``cCGh
H q EG M OHCG IOoe GjJ H b HdG
QbCG GSG VCG b VGQCG fUh dhdG
a MG fdG he bj c ,YLG
e G FbdGh jdG HGdGh GZEG
IY ``jO``G G ```YCG h``L Sh .AGQR`` dG
`` YEGh adG ``e ```G ```G be ````k`jCG
f A```JQGh fdG adG QhO jJ CH
dG jJ bj IY fdG L h .kdhOh k
IaGdG edG jCd G jdG{ SGQH UG
G fCG M edG feCG jJ Y WGh ,
ITdGh SdG jOdG G H e bGdG Id
Qhd IY fdGh IY ``jO``G jOdG Gh
.eG IdG e HGdG dG OfG
fdG - e
IY jOG `jOdG L dhdG j
IdG ``e ``HG``dG dG O````fG Qh``d IY fdGh
,G G A```HQCGh AKdG ej eG
QG H j QcdG e SCGj Sh
IOSh A````YCG eG QH ``dh``dG FQ
G jh .``dh``dG ``` dG `` eCG Q```c``dG
J fb he be IY ``jO``G L
e G fdG SDGh ddG e dhGe
dG jJh dM iQdG jJh AGQRdG
QNCG
WdG L a jQe Jh
OGH L AfEGh ,e -bG jW J
NGdG dG UQh SdG jH S H
SdGh AcH jH YdG H
a eG jQG RJh ,Gh
cdG Mh jdG jW T WdG T
T hG G``g j M IQ``H``G jH
jJ Gb AfEGh QdG bh jdG
Gg ,``jOhCG Q bhU GQYh S
dG UQ jQe e OY J fL EG
) `` j`` H ```Y`````dG ``` ` ` ``H ``` ` NG``dG
jDhdG - e
fdG - e
G M -G S H SHb dG
.WdG VQCG EG -YQh
EG IQ``j``H ``a``dG ``b HG ```Hh
e d SGh bdG gjOSG
``H```YEG ``Y `q ` Yh a IQ````G dG ``Y
,ee a q feEGh QJ e gT
edG fdG GAdG EG aVEG
.jdG dG fGL
dGSCGh IQaS Qhj fdG fdG jdG Fb G hDT IFGO AfEH GQGb Qj YLG dG jRh
jDhdG - e
fdG jdG Fb FdG N H GY H cdG AGdG eCG U OdG QO``Z
Fb IQjR JCJh .jCG IY J SQ IQjR dGSCGh IQaS jQL EG kLe fdG
jdG S Jh TJ SGe Q IQaS jQL EG fdG fdG jdG
dG fdG fdG jdG S SG EG aVEH UT fdG fdG
V JCJ dGh fdG fdG jdG SCG EG IjL aVEc eG EG kSQ dNOh
Fb IQjR qeCG .MS jQhO S HQCH fdG fdG jdG jhH j dGh aCG he
Y H h dG S Y WG H JCa dGSCG EG fdG fdG jdG
YGOh ``ch .dG dGh OGeEd H fdG fdG jdG jhH j ``dGh
c dG Sj H j H cdG dG hdG e Qe JQOe id d aGG adGh
. fdG fdG jdG V Qc e OYh fdG fdG jdG IOH cQCG V
jDhdG - e
jHCG e HdG WdG XGh FKdG g J
``dPh ,```jQ``H UdH fdG ``F``K``dG ```Y Ih``f G
SeHdG TQCG e ch jQH dG IQS e hdH
```W``dG ``` ` TQCGh ,`````f```dG ``a``dG IQGRh ``` ` TQCGh ````f```dG
TQCG e WdG XGh FKdG g bS c ,fdG
,XGh FKdG gJ Ice fdG SeHdG
M S fY FKh Ve IhdG eg Y S h
.2015 jHCG e TdG
SGQO EG FKdG dG IhdG g ebEG e dG Jh
SdG jQJ J e SGQO fdG -fdG bdG
h ,dGh dGh YLGh ObGh QGh
,kjQJ IOe MGe Y jdG jdG H YdG UY
fa jQLh Y S e c H cG Id kGcCJh
jJh ``gQG`````SGh bdG ``g h ``fG``G ``g RG`` HE
G g Hj a LCd dP SJh ,ANEGh UGdG
QG UGdG RGHEG YdG dP jh ,IWh bY e
CJQG g eh ,fa jQLh Y H bdG GQe SQ
d dG eCG
d YCG
fjH Qhj
jDhdG - e
S ``H ```S ``H S ```e QO``Z
``` YCG ```````d ``` dG `` ` eCG `````G
UdG EG kLe MCG eCG d
J SQ IQ`` jR ```d fjdG
dhDG e OH dN j jCG HQC
GG OJh b dPh fjdG
dH ``````G ``` G ``e O`` Y
,```G `````Jh ```H```eh ``` ` JG``` SG
G ``` ` VG``G EG ``a``` VEG ``jQ``` ` Gh
J S Hh GdG dH
kGOY d aGG adG jh .gjJh
d ``e```dG ``f``eC``H ``dhD` ` ` G ``e
.d YCG
TdG - e
dG jRh dG qS H dG e QUCG
I``FGO{ I``FGO AfEH j k` jQGRh kGQG``b YLG
,YLG jYd ``e```dG ``j``j``G J zG hD` ` T
```G `````b `` N ``e ```J```U`````NG I`` FG`` dG ```T```Jh
I``FGO Jh .```d```G ``j``Y``dGh ,```Y````LG ``e``Gh
``gQhO jJh G UTCH VdH G hD``T
edG IG cQG e h G feh
dGh cGdG CGe jJh ,kjObGh kSSh kYLG
UGh ````gCGh eG YdG ac ``H edG
eG eGdG jJh Yd G OG``aCGh G SCGh
ObG
QNCG
UCG H e hJh jQ U Yh
e IOSG J CG fh jdG YCG
``M```Wh `````J ````j `` ``` d``G IQ`` j`` dG
.Y Sh fhfEG YCG MU
YCG MU ah FQ Y fL e
IQ``j``dG ``g J C J ``Y fhfEG
e ICG``G j e c IOe `` a
ICGG IM U Nj e ch Heh A``jRCG
Y Jh dOe IFdG J CG EG e
````dEG J ```dG ``M````dG ``e m`` Y i`````e
dW eb gH .fhfEG h Y ICGG
dG G``dG e Ia G H g SQe
fdG A``jRC``H UG A``jRCG VY Ia K
AjRCG VYh fhfEG GdG e Ia gH
.fhfEG FGdG adH UG
VG dH dG adG b dP H
fG H LG Y c d MG
. fG H hdG aBG b
cG eG J g aG
OG e hdH JeG ed WdG
bEG DG ``MCG eCG Jd h``dG
``j``YQ `` `` `dPh ,G``` ` ` dG `` eC` d `` HG`` dG
S BG ````SCG ``H QJ dG tdG MU
h`` dG h`````d ``Y````G ``` dG `` eCG
b H `` YH ``dPh ,dG dG
ed j dG DG J JCjh .dG
``eC`d `````bEG ``H```dG ``c``G ```d```a ````V
J `` dG ```H```dG d G`````dG
jh eG J g dG
JeG ed WdG cG Jh JQGOEG
e{ GY DG jh ,dG
``gh ,z```J``e````G ``e````dGh G`````dG `` eCG
Gh AG``G e f j
gCG Y AdG J H GdG ``eCG
WGh GjdGh GdG eCG Ge
.JeG MdG Y eCG
``` jR``dG ``` ` ` S `` H ``` S Q``` c``dG `` `bh
``e``` ` G `````J `````d ``` ` ` ` dG ``` ` F``dG
e ``` V``e Q``` ` NG EG :``D` ` ` d `````c
kfGY JeG ``e````dGh G`````dG `` eCG
dG ````gG ``e ``aG```j ``D` G G```d kFQ
`````dG I`` Jh O`` `jORG ``e ```U``N ,`` `eCG G``` H
KDj Y LdG QdG Mh fGdG
G kff ``d PEG ,h``dG ``eCGh ObG Y kS
``N ```fG`````dG G``j``` ` dGh `````dG ```M
d G jGdG cQOC VG GdG
,hdGh SDG e jdG Y QGh G
LGe G h``dG ``e jdH G``Y ``dG ``eG
e ed G Nh JJGSG
.zfGdG GjdGh WG g
Y AdG d Gg fDe JCj :VCGh
dG{ G IhdG Yj QS
zedG gCG GP dG Y GTEGh
jDhdG - e
WG GP dH j a jdG
cG jb IhdG hJ c .edG
QG SQh edG HbdG fGGh
````dG ```Y ``H``b``dG G ``j``c``G
J EG aVEH ,edG gCG GP
Y G`` ` TEGh ``H``b``dG ``M ``T```f ````M
G h``` ` dG ```` hO Q``` ` G
IQGOEG ``e IO``` ` ` ` G `` ShQ`` dGh GQ`` ` ` dGh
fdG IAG``b j c . HGdGh WG
Y ``j```G `` NBGh { 3 R`` H{ bJ ```d``G
.HbdG FGdGh dG GhOCGh SG
Th .ed IO``L J CG
c i``` ` G `` ` `YCG ``e hCG ``` dG
ja FQ QdG bEG SG dCG
TdG ch ,cG eN
,cG ``e``Nh ``F``Gh FHdG
GQhCG dN ea dG L eCG
G Gh dG AGOCG M Y
hdG hO IGh AHdH
S `` eh ``g`````J ``` dG G`` ` ` gCGh
Y ``bQh G Wa eb Y
e ```fh```dEG ````fCG{ G````H
``bh hCG `````G `` N zA``` ` dG
he ``M Y ``bQh HdG OS
,fdG G AdG eN U
GQhCG VGSG G T c
V jOdG HdG G e Y
jOdG cdG cdG JG H
zJf e { G````H `` bQh ,A``H`````d
JGSG dG GH dKh
``bQh EG ``a``` VEG ,``c``` ` G ``e``
e dG M b eb Y
. eG
eG gVQ a dh eG
a d d d Ff JCj dG
e d f CG H Vj e hCG j e
dHh ,JbJ Q``N ``g ``eh j
Sd jM I```LCGh GTDe Vh
AGOCG i````` ```e````G IO``` ` S i`` e
fl fl g CG cCGh ,eG
```dG I`` j`` G GQ`` ` `` `HG ``Y `````d
ie EG UdG EG dG JQG K
```G G``g `````dGh ```e````G ``` VQ
``e``G ``` J AGOCG ``` bG``e ``` d``Hh
````d ````` dG i``` ` ` ``H ``` ` fQ``` eh
M VG dG h eG f
ie Y hCG gh %94^3 Y
Jh ,eG AGOCG Y eG VQ
IOS gh cCG g Vh EG H a
ObG
QNCG
be j zdG cG{
jQ e 60`H fGN hPCG QGUEG
jQdG d jQSG ae ad
UH ``fG``G hPCG sJh .````N``G
dG e N jW Y jS J
AG``LEG jW Y dch ,dG cG
dG ``e ``` j``dG AG``` ` dG IO`` ` YEG `````U
jQdG d o c ..kjCG cG
H a jdG Y CG NG
,dG H e S ``fG``G hPCG Y
OjEG gJ IGOCG ``g sCG EG ``a```VEG
Ib IFdG QSC OTSG TDe
.G G d LCG
j dEG CJ CG ed h
o
bh ,``eh S H ahG H
AGdG IO``YEG Y Y IFdG S H
,G ``j``HCG T ``e hCG ``e I````d
.FH kGMGh f dG e HdG Mh
s fo dG - e
o
nYCr G
Y ,eCG ,o dG tcG dG
eG fGG hPCG QGUEG be W
e GQYG ,ej 91 I Jh ,408 bQ
e hCG Mh G jHCG T e hCG
.G dj T
LEG CH dG Y QOdG dG OaCGh
``jQ e 60 G
GOdG b
s
G dG Se ```H ```M ;``` Y
0Q19219 G S Seh ,99Q952
Hh ,0Q19229 FdG Se Hh ,FH
.Y jQ 99Q950 e S bCG
fe de IGOCG fGG hPCG Jo h
cG dG gQjo LCG Ib Id
dG ``e``` M `` Y ``H``` ` d``H ``` ` dG
d dG j adG ``a e G
bf c .WdG ObG gG UG
SDH ``U``N ```dO QG``` UEG n ```e Ao ``` ` YCG
fH H oj aG SGh IdG
EG ```j ,`````fCG M Jh SDG
edG G SDH fH IYb OjEG
.G jObG fCG M aG
j dG HdG
t EG G AYCG Jh
dG bGh ,```YCG MUh UCG e
gCG Y Ghcs CGh ,aH YCG J LGJ
N j `` `````d``Jh `````dG L J
SGh IdG jQG b Y YJ H
.IdG jQGh GQSG L gJh
s
Ad dd G QtdG Y G
```WGh
o
L a adG a IQGOEG
n Yn
o
SG SFH ,dG Gd dG YLG WdG
QHh ,G FQ dG S H OM
.G AYCG
s h
he IO````e be ````LG ``N
AYCG iHCGh ,oY YUh IQ aZ fb
fhj ```dG ``j````dG G``M``bGh ,```J```M``eo
jObG dG adG QhO d e
``a````d `` ` J Cr ` ` ` H A`` ` `` `YCG `` d`` Wh ,O``` ` d
AJQGh ee AGOCG e eJ dSG
,UG dG SD JeNh JUNH
AYCG dW c .aGgCG gfj h
``a```dG h```d ``` ShCG MU G
J dYCG AGOCG e o ;aG
``c``` ` dGh `````SD```d ``` ShCGh `` bQCG ``e``N
.aG
G jHCG 10 ..fjS EG Gah J zWdG T aZ{ HdG GdG `a dDG M Je ASDhd ddG bEG LG ..dG
YUh IQ aZ N V dP JCjh
Gb d WdG T a Y
.jdG H QdG M IOjRh jQ
H ``d``N SCGS `` dG- ``a``dG jh
dG IQGOEG Y SG G Y
UCG ``e GkO`` Y -``e``G ````FQh
IdG `````SD`G ````o ``
s ``` YCG
e O``Y `````Gh ```e```dG ````S```Gh
b :gCG ``e dG ;G YdG
,G YdG ```bh ,FGdG OG``G
dGh ,dGh AdG b EG aVEG
.MdG
jDhdG
t - QUo
```Yo ``Y````Uh IQ`` ``a``Z o `` a `u `` ` jo
`` jv Q`` Gk` ` ` ah ``` W``` dG ``` ` T ``` a```
``` WG``` ``dG ``` f``j``` S ``jQ``` ` L EG
16-10 e IdG ``N ``dPh ;cGTG
e IO`````SGh ``W``d ;````G ``j``HCG ``e
,fjS jQH jQSG UdG
G ``e JLMGh ```bG```SCG ``` SGQOh
b ``Y d IQ``j``dG ```Jh ,fdG
``Y``` ` ` dGh ``` ` ` G ``` ` ` Wh `` `bGh ``` Y
cdG b ``e fjdG ``e``Gh
jDhdG
t - e
u J
hdHh- YdGh IQdG IQGRh o
-(jGh) jdG d dG G e
Je ASDhd ddG bE
G n LG ,dG
s
S dGh ,HdG GdG dDG M
IOS ``j``YQ `` ``dPh ;A``K```dG m``Z M
IQGRh Qe TdG N ``H
.fcfEG H YdGh IQdG
GP VGG e GOk Y LG bSh
jGh`dG Y efc bdG
GQ``` ` dGh ,IQh`` ` `G ``` Gh ``dD` G ``M
H jdG Y YJ dG eGdG V J
G bd UdG MJEGh ,MdG WG
k H Jg SGh MdG WG Y
.ch Gf SGH jhdG j CG e
MQ sJ MdG adG fCG s CG cojh
i``HCG ``bh ,````N M IQ`` jR ``f``L EG ``j```H
YSGh adG cQd JOS cQG
.JdH
.eeCG eCG GM
J dG OG Q``WEG dP JCjh
G ``j``` ``e``` dG ``` ` ` dG ``` H
AGLEG Y G UM e kTh
``` ` ` G ``` ` I``` ` ` ` e `` ` `LG`` e
H ;```````dG G`` ` `SCG ``Mh``` G
.d eRdG jG aJ
EG
Hb sC `` `dPh ;I``KC` ` G GQ``````d
GQdG ``g ``e``eCG `` eCG G``M
A```KCG dG ```o j CG G ``e
,FGdG IO```S``dG ```fGh G````UG
W e jj a dP M M h
G``` ` UG ``` d``M `` cG`` dG ``H``` UEG
Sh ,``` f``G ``` fGh ``e``eCG
jDhdG
t - e
,s fo dG ``js Q````dG SDs G `r ```WCG
``e```dG `````dG ``e h``` ` d``Hh ,G`` ND` `eo
GQd AYSG M ,G j
gOY ddG ,2013 SEG.J.jEG jOc
`` `bQCG ``` Y kGO``` ` YG `` `dPh ;IQ``` ` S 17
,(1G6A95R36D0171106) UdG
ObG
QNCG
jDhdG - e
jDhdG - e
``MGh``dG cT Y MG
dG MU IM IOY S
- ````G S ``H ``S``H``b ``````dG
.-YQh G M
FQ ,``MGh``dG aCG dG ``bh
MGhdG cT Y IQGOEG
fFb IOH Ma d SG H
,Ma
k OGR Hb ```VCGh G
FdG IOH G Jh YJ MGhQCGh
``VQCG EG ```a```dGh dH i``` GG
`` CG G EG fh ,dG
GS ``d``G ``M```U I````M ```Y
. GREG Ie UG IjY
fQT g Gg :aCG dG HJh
XG G SMEGh
``c``` T ``Y``` ` ``` ` ` j `` j`` dG
.MGhdG
OG`` `YCG h`` `N ``` ` MG `````Th
QG`` ` ` dG EG `` ` X`` G `` e I`` ` `c
``c``` T ``Y``` ``` ` ``` ` ` G
Y eN e GREG d OG
.RGYGh H
Gk T ````NGO I````e ``c````dG ````q `f ``bh
e ```Y i``` G O``` dG ``F```d Ahh ``a``Yh
,dG ``VQCG g eN AY e eb
T G``` ` e ``g```X``e Q``` T ```c
ThCGh YEG ebh ,idh QU jh
dG d SdG bG Y
www.omanearthhour.)
UGoG egG e kbfEG (org
.dG jdH
Z ``` ` ` SD` eo `` ` VQCG ``Y``` S q ` ` Jh
OG``aCG OL MJ EG J HQ
dH IoG dG QKBG e q d
hRhCG W ``cB` J EG OD` ` Jo ``` dGh
IQO```o G ``g Jh .cH oG
M Y c kSGh kjgL k bEG
e cCG EG cQoG h``dG OY Uh
k a ,eh ``dhO 162
cQoe Y
``M ``` a``h
o I``` Hh ```j``e BG 7
IG ```dh``dG IQO```o G ``g ```dG
.2014 Y N
jDhdG - e
dG P ``f``fG e VfG
.G JdH jdG
cG Y IQOdG FMEG NBG QTCGh
LEG q CG EG eGh AMEd WdG
jGa jH S HdG JdG N
k 750h k dCG 381 VG
jj H fQe N
HdG JdG N O``Y H ``dG VG
.N 210h dCG 378 a
Yae ``H```dG ``J```dG ```N Sh
jDhdG - e
````JG ``e```H G O``Y ```JQG
LEG d VG jGa jH dH
N dCG 381 e cCG HdG JdG N
ddG JGdG N LG J c
G OY JQG dc N e 6^2``dG
```j```dG ``` ` dG P ``f``f``H ``````dG
``H```e `````e `` `dCG 182 ``e `` `cC ``H``` dG
ObG
QNCG
jDhdG - e
aG G dG NGdG OY H
80458 ``` f 2014 `` Y ```````dG ````M````dG
NGd GQG``` UEG ``H ``e YJ kS kNJ
Y YRq J bh ,G NGdG jh IjL
kNJ 20126 :JBc MdG dG afi
O``Y `` cCG ``gh ```W```dG ``` Lh ````T ````a``fi
dP j aG ie Y NGd e
```a``fi q ` K ````k``N``J 19486 O``` H Q``` X ```a``fi
```a``fih ````k ``N``J 16597 O``` H ```b````dG ``` L
aa ````k``N``J 10595 ````a `````Sh ````S``dG
e ```a``fi G`` `NCGh ````k``N``J 8742 ` `H `````e
G``fCG UJ h . kNJ 4912 a S dGh
e IQOdG FMEG Mh dG NGdG
edG jjH dG NGdGh HbdG I``FGO
dG IhdGh YGQdG IQGRH dG OQGG d
Y dG e dhGe NGJ :JBc AL a
M jH ```U``G TdG G
J ``` M ,`` ` `dG G`` g ``j``` ` dG `````G
jdG G H dG GP VGG
gG H JoG WG Rh ch
```jC`JQG ``bh .`````G A````YCG ``e ``j```dG
SDoG H Y q o aVEG IQhV
``LQ ``Y``` EG ````S```o Gh I`````dG
G eG Gh G YCG
jdH jd dG Gg f
`` j`` ` `` `dG `` ` ` ` G `` ` ` `` ` `X`` ` `dG
``j``` ` H ``` ` ` ` dG `` ` `` `` `dGh ``` ` ` ` ` dG
MaG ``Nh .Joeh JeN
````FQ ``F``f ,``d``e h`` `H ``q ` Y ,```````d
jeCG IQdG SeHdG dG
k ` `F`` b ,```````d``H odG YCG IQGOEG
`````G q CG `q `` T :
I``` c``dGh ``S``` SCG ```M ``q ```J ``j````dG d YO jH AGS fq EG jeCG
jDhdG - e
q
jeCG odG YCG f
k
````j``eCG IQ`````dG ``e h````d``H G`` NDq ` eo
jM{ GH Tf M dG
.z```Yo S ``j````dG G ```M
``c```T 50 ``Y ``j``j `` ``` ` o Q``` ` ` H
SoGh IdG `````SD`o G ``e O``Yh
``` j``` ` ` dGh `` ` `` `SCG ``` ` b``` o `` ` `dPh
ch ``j````dG `````G ````H ```U``G
J ``L`` ``e``Gh `````o G ``j```M
``Y ``` q ` o ``` ` G ``q ` ` Vh .`` ` `` `fCG
,dG GP ``` Gh ``Y````dG ````flo
IQdG IQGRh e cQe gRHCG e c
h``dG GH e i``d eG J ```d````dG ``a``` ` ` ` SG `` ` `dh. ``Y``` ` ` dGh
q o G JjS G```H cT
I``j``e ,`` g `` EG ``d``bh .```L``d``````d eH
jDhdG - e
AMG hCG ```eCG fY cQT
e S ``NBG Oj ``dG ``VQCG YH
``N ``e `` dPh ,`` Y ``c ``e ``SQ``e ````T
jQhdG ``Zh jQhdG AG```VCG AWEG
``aG``G Hh cdH FdG G
edG YdG `` d HdG ```Gh
dGh SdG YdG EG Ae dGh
.Ae
``` fi `` ` `H `` ` ` d `` ` d`` ` bh
`` ` dhD` ` ` G I`` `j`` `e `` ` `` `g`` dG
b :fH ``` Y``` ` LG
hCG `` ` `eCG ``` f``` Y ``` X``e
`` ` e`` ` N `` ` `c`` ` `e `` `` ` ` ` ` ` dG
`` ` `` `bCG `` ` `` `Hh `` `` ` ` ` JG
d HdG Gh iNCG
I``` LCG `` Y IQO`` ` `` `dG AG`` `` ` VCG
e e cQe BG SG
OG`` aCGh `````SD`G ``e ``j``G
``dPh `` VQCG YH A````M``H
``c``` ` dG `` ` `` `gG ``` ` ` e `` `e
IQ````H ``Y``dG `` `aQh `````d``H
.NG dG
``q `dhD```G I``j``e ``a``` VCGh
dG qCG fH ```Y````LG
``` dG `` ` ` ` `G i`` ` ` `MEG ``` ` J
``c````dG O``` L `````Y ```J``J
,G ``e ```UG```dGh G``` TEG
G``` J``e `` e I`` ` ` MGh `` ` `f`` ch
``` dhD` ` ` G ``` ` ` ` ` JG``` SG
cdG J ```a ```Y````LG
``N ``jQ``` ` eh GQO`` ` `e I`` Y
EG `` ` ` J `` ` `` `V`` G G`` ` ` ` `YG
````T``Jh ``` ` ` dG ``` Y `` ` `G
ObG
cT
.VG dG e fQe
fq EG :`k ` F`` b `` `CG `````dG O``` ` ` SGh
dG e jH d j eh b Vh
QG``e ``` Y ih`` `f ``` H `` ``` M ,Qq ` `` `` `dGh
FHR GMGh K c HdG edG
``e``N `` ` Jh O`` Y`` H A`` a`` dG `` N `` e
IO`` G ```d``Y ```e```SEG ```a````e `````eh
OQG``Gh dG QSG ``b``dG f h
e fQYHh .hdG T SJh jdG
adG b jJ SSCG AcdG
Vh fEG : ```VCGh .G a ac
jJ f aS ``e G``gh ,eh ``b
f fh ,Jj h .dG Gg N FGOCG
dG YG GR``EG EG RG```YGh ma H
q S EG aVEG VG dG ``N gM
e eY QGe Y gM dG MdG
dG dH f qCG ,dG JCf
IfGh ```dG ``j d q ` e ``e d dGh
dG fG g EG Uh gd dGh
.dG H f
31 G ``G eY ih``f H NGh
LEH kGO```e keJ k 2014 jO
``G dH fQe %163 H H GOG`` jEG
%343 H e M M ,VG
jQ e 137^3 EG d jdG
H H AdG FGOh JQG c ,oY
H ,oY jQ e 93^7 EG d %234
e 253 EG d GOLG LEG JQG
fQe %29 H kG`` k ```Yo ``jQ
GOG`` jEG f ```JQ fh .```V``G dH
j dG ddG IQGOEG SSh dG
U e fG ,jH ShQGh dG
%37 H ```j````dG `````MG ```H IQ``` ` G
jDhdG - e
d dG LG ih``f H Y
dG ``` S``F``H `` `dPh `````e ```e````dG
````FQ ,`````S```dG ``` ``H `` CG
dG dG Ff VH b dG dG IQGOEG
.2014 jO 31 G
OYGh LG edG G ebh
cdG cM jJh IQGOEG jJ
dG FGdG Y HG LGe jJh
```g````G `` b ,`` ` dP ``` Y Ih`` ` Yh .``` ` ` d
``` Y``` ` dG `` H`` b`` dG ``` ` g ``j``` J `` ` LG``
,dG SGH eHCG dG OdGh eGh
AYCG J Y jdG fL EG ``dPh
J dG dG Id YdG HbdG g
.2015 jO 31
,2014 d q G ``G AGOCG Y kJh
,``` ` ` S``` dG ``` `` H `` ` CG ``` ` ` dG `` b
fG d :ih``f H IQGOEG FQ
hCG ``` G ``` V``G ``` dG `` N ``f```c``J
ef ```dG aG JeN jJ Y
fe jJh ,cdGh OG``aCG e FHd
id Se HjEG H ``Jh ``jO``j``dG
Q``f j `` eG ``eCG Ve
IQOb J dq a GAGLEG OY LG
fH Md WG g e G Y
.FGh YCG
G ``e O``Y Ih``` dG Q``` Th
QSGh SDG ce c e
``cGO fSh ,ed dG T
.jdG jdG HdG eCG G
``M ```q `b ``e````e ``cQ````G ``V``Yh
jDhdG - e
jDhdG - e
CG Y S kUN k MG QU H f
G ``N ``b M ,d FdG G
eCG e XG L Y jGdG jRH
CG Qhd kGjJ dPh .dG dG ha ac
.G AH gOLh OjdG
FdG G bCG ``dG MG Jh
EG ,d dG IQGOEG A````YCG QH d
UN c J ,dG Xe e OY fL
eCG e Xd jGdG Jh SG H
dG gQhOh Fd e kGjJ QU H
Odh ,dG H j ``dG G dG
eCc ``gQhO H ad dj dG dG
q
.QU H FY e Ac qdG JMh
dG Y H I```e MU ,SG ```Hh
``Y``dGh jdG OQG````d ```dG ``j``G ``F``f ,```e
H fj :Fb QU H JGSG
````S```G `` g `` ` `eCG ````L ````f CG Q````U
dG eGMG Y d dG O``f c ,IjdG
eCa ,G eN qdG gQhd fjJh
c I``` M ```U``N ``f```e ```d ````J kG`` ` HCGh k` ` FGO
Y cCJ EG d ,```dG H dMGh ,e O``a
q
.kL JM IdG gC
G
eCG e XG H J : aVCGh
j f ``b``dG h ,````dG ```j``W ``Y```S
jDhdG - e
GJCGh Ge RGW TJ Y ec Y Qh k MG
jQdG ``e```dG ``e ````SGh H M ``j```dG
bH ``V``Y GQd ``e```dG cdG O``L ,He
,GdG Fd ec ed dGh fG eG
eG e I Y OG dG S M
bH EG aVEG ,eY I fG eCdGh dG J
,ec ``dCG 30 hCG eY I edG fdG eN e
f Fb Y AdG S ``H a ``dP dh
dG bEG Mh .kjCG ec eY I ObdG d
jG eQT LGQ b ,Y GJCGh Ge jRGdG Y
dG{ :GQ``q ````d ``e```dG cdG jd ```W``dG
e J dG FGh ,fG QdGh ,dG
eh FGdG AGOCG fL EG dH G HdG KfG
Yh G``JCG h Ge e c H qJ FN g IOdG
jg d ``bh ,He GRG`` W ``H IdG S Y
dG ``gQ````SCG H ````dG ``k ``SGh k ``` bEG ``jRG```dG
YEG f e G cG a EG gAfGh jOYGh
Y Qh`` k MGh ,OdG SGh He
VY GQqd edG cdG O jRGdG TJ Y
MGQ d dPh IOh Id d qfG eG
OG``aCG L SG ``cC`Jh IQd O``G dd ```dG
zRhjh{ J f Y dG JdG J Tj QX H
GQqdG) eCdGh ,VhdGh ,adG ``eGhCGh ,dG Y
dM e dG jCG h ,(RG Y eCJh ISCGh
.dG N e dG
jHe ja e bJG H kHS QX H b bh
e G ``a``dG bH UQ J ``e FHdG d
``JO``jQ d ,Q```X H i``d ```fh```dEG G````dG ``N
,QHEGh G`` HEGh ,FHd aG HdH j a
Y S H hCG QX H Ea dP EG aVEHh
dG ILC dG JdG Y aG eG j
M EG dP iOCG bh .(10 RIM) ITdG dG H
,2014 dGh G dCGh FGG e OY Y dG
d fhdEG eN aC SHb dG IFL :e
a fhdEG ``e``G IO`` LEG ``FG``L V 2014
IQGOEG aCGh ,2014 d dG JdG Y aG eG
aCGh 2014 d dG dG jQSG ed
dG dG JdG ``Y aG ed J
SDG I``F``Lh ,jEG e H FGL V 2014 d
d ``e```SEG d YLG dG ``YO dG
V 2014 d kGQJ cCG jQdG jdG IFLh 2014
H aCG IFLh ,G d dG SEG FGL
ja BG ``H ```S ``FG``L V 2014 ```d dG
e FGL V 2014 d HdG Ah IFLh ,dG
G IQGOEG SDe b e jaEG Th ShCG dG
.fjH dG jdGh
jDhdG e
oJ ah .zaG GQ`````dG
GQ`````dG `` R`` HCG ``e I`` MGh ``` jEG
,```H```dG GQ`` ` `eEG `` dhO G
``Y``` ` G `` `` ` Y`` `JhCG ``` Q``` ` ` J
S GQ``` ` ` dG ``` H G
GQd G gFGL ``eCG .Y
dG FGG ``cCG e a ,dG
````dG e ``j````dGh G`` M`` H
.ShCG
````dG `````f ```Y ``j``a CG ``H``Jh
dh ``J``F``G JH S ``` ShCG
k e d dH j SCG dG
jDhdG - e
jjJ ``J``F``L `````f ``a``` VCG
I````dG ``g``FG``L ``` F EG ``J``j``L
jEGh YJhCG Qb CG H dPh
VjdG dG IQd JFL J
.hJH f EG SG IOG
,``a```T ````S `` b ,Q`` ` `WEG G`` g h
:ShCG dG f `d dG jG
eQdG aG fGY f b fEG{
Gg Qj G``j h``J``H f dh
g IQH kG``L hQ```a fh .dG
```dG IQ``` ` S H R``` dG ```Y IQ`````dG
.zSG IOG VjdG
f O``Y ,jL ``e{ :aT HJh
CG dH j `` fCG ``g```d h``J``H
.zIG hQ``dG c H{ d j
j ``f``c be H j a
dY IH gjJ ee GQ```H
O````YG ``j`````e ``e IR``` ``H``` Uh
c ee j ``e G``gh q FSG
ObG
hO
e dG GQO`U QGSG
H YJ QSd SBG H EG J jRGdG cG M AGTh H e jG d J b UQH fGG
Z ZQ G RdG
RjhQo - HOo
jG Y j G Gg SQh
GPEG ```d ,G`` ` eCG ``e ``j``e J
hGd Hb cG M UCG
.H WH hG a
Gd eR GQ``WEG UQdG cJ h
hdH J fEG db d ,UEG
cTh ```d``G G```SC`d b g ``e
dG GQhC` ` d ``c``G G``jE` d ```b
UQdG Jh .SG dBG Vd
e SCd S cCG- jOdG
``` M AG`` `` ` Th ``` H ``` ` d``H -`` ` ` G
.cG
RjhQo - hfL O jQ
RjhQo - HOo
CGdG
10
..he a MCG e
TdG FY
a ,H fh e fFbh Wh M f fCG Y j OcCG
dj e jdGh ddG a fG GhT jdG fgCG a SZ
jf Whh ,d MGQh f Qf Y S f b ,G
Gg SH dG H J e f fQhH b ,dGh dH
T S GhT jdG dG WCG g gh ,FHCG Sf G
Yh dG GNQDj CG hjj ,2015 SQe e jdGh ddG
O d SHb CH Gg S H bCGh ;FHCG Sf QdG
fc fCHh ,``SQG``G Ooe Oe Y U H j ``fq EG ,e
CG j dd ,Gk` L kG``L je S a SHb MCG e
dH fC ,cCG Wh fh fh cCG f d e edG Hf
a ,odG e GkAL hCG dG hCG d M oY Y dG EG f b
UdG ``Hh H Lh ,FLh H Z c S j QO
..FM M d
Lh j c H eh b e G d dG :bJ
.zfY e L CG fS dh
OY SHb .. dG
s jdG IQS
m e
h !A```HCG HCG H
n Qt O h !T SCG
WGe b c LCG LQ e SHb j
n Qt O
, da ..`` ` `VQCGh d ```Mh ``b``NC` H
.OY SHa
f Yo fs EG ,dG MU IM e
JOa ,H ``LG```Hh ,``H RG``` YGh dH
;IG d O``YCG ,WdG VQCG EG S fG
f f a ..IO`````dG ``jQ```SCG d s Jh
fh ,e dG fh ,``cO``L``H ``G
CG e j SCG a ..JOH MGaCG IZ
GNP jo CGh ,heh Th AS c
u e j
Y e j fh ;G dh d Gah
,JOHh H fCG e ,d G AT
fCGh dG Y GOCGh ,FdG fe G M
G `` WCGh ,adGh dG G`` KCG aJ
,d ``` eOh I``j``e ``` eRCGh I``j``Y ``eG``YCG cY
!!N JLH Yo eGOh
Sara_albreiki@hotmail.com
, da ..dGh Gh G VQCG
.OY SHa
CG hO ``d``M ``b ```f````dG Q``` ` ` dG ``f``c EGh
,fGX H iG gY OLH WdG j
IedG e VQCG QJ IdG MhQ Cs G EG
jb dP bh Y fOH Xh ,QdG J W
SfCG aJ ,bH dG Y Xh ,Seh
EG ````gCG ```b ````Jh ,G``Y``d``H G T
OdG S Y AdG Q jo CG LGQ AdG
jdGh ddG JCd ..adGh dG H
;G dL ,IQdG eM ,SQe e
,dGh dGh dH Jh
,Y d
t
,HZ EG bT eh ,HL EG dT e
G d c e c
s dG Ye a YGO e
,edG ``W``dG ``g `` VQCG Y GOk ``L``e ```j CG
ge SQh dG fh dG bQhZGh
da ..Y SHd A``dG Md hQCG dG
.OY SHa ,
j FHCG Y H G eG
f e YCG e
s
GT
Y
V
n
a
AY
e
dLC
G eh !HCG Yo
n
k
CG H ,aeo S SHb dEG OYCG Cr H Fd
.. H dG fH s ch adG K dCG
.OY SHb , da
SHb dN LGJ ,TCG fK QGe a
fH IT ;``W``dG ``` VGQCG Q``N i```G
jDhd Gh`` dG Y J dG fc ,dG
af ``e ``` e``G h ;``` e``` ` dG ``` bG``` TEG
eo T A```HCG Y ``G SHb `
s `WCG M
SdG dG jQSCG bTCG ,gjEG eh
o
Y ABG G
s CG CG EG ,H jDhd cCG bJh
WdG Gg AHCG YCG bh
,cQG Y
o AHCG
s
MU I````M ``f``eh ``f``F``b ``jDh``H ``` dG
dG G``KCG aj gh -G ``YCG- dG
dLH ```o `Y ``d MU e ,```a```dGh
IOfCG d ,Jah dWCGh HT Ffh
M eMh cQG dG d aYh Ah
jdG G j GYO
dG GVQ
G j eeh ``NCGh GOY jdGh ,jdG dG
UCdH e HY CG a f f ``gh .``j```T G```d``H
g jdG J ,jQdG SCH e i``NoCGh ,GjdGh
!jdG MEGh ,dhdG ebEG H SdG J K ,UG
H- j jda ,zG{ j e cC Lfi f
,RGfh GJ GSGh ,dG a g MGh fL Y -dEG YGdG
g CG GQCG dGh,jQdG cM e dGh ,dG e Dhd jL ah
.dG QdH j Er Gh ,h L dG
e d f hCG ```G f ``g i`` NCG MdG ``e G EG
YdGh ,jdG Jh ,dhdGh jdG e ;G e kGe QU
W QU H ,IMGh W GP jdG G OY e ,cGh ,jdGh
EG LG e SSCG AL g ,Jbf dG EG LGh ,cGe
.j
radwan@hotmail.com
G Y QJ e gJ ,UCJ l cM gh .OLG H ah
fBGdG UoCG EG LdGh ,dG gGeh ,jQdG H
d ,kGJ mUCJ c c e dHh ,JbS e k Yhe dG Q``KBGh
gh ,d kah ,jd ka :FQ jeCG J jQdG dG
o
e kjOh ,dG e kY QUh ,Y QdG
iL gch ,HGe
.jdG
,edG e mb Y OYG Gg eJh ,dH OG JQG c bh
Qc ``e kGO``Y ``dP VGh ,k``e ``j``dG ah dG d k Sb k HV
Y Oq ``dGh dP Le EG ,``gRCG T T Ofi gRHCG ,AdG
ad EG j dG q CG EG qf M ,(1949) zdGh BGdG{ Hc
,G NGdG Y OG dHh dG N EG kjCG qf H ,GhdG
H ,a G Z hj ``dGh ,AG``dGh A``dG e IOY H
!OYGh CGdG hOG e j kjCG jNBG e hj
fCGh G J gGX fG eY ,T bJ e M d
fih
,Mh
me ``fC G Jj jdG gdG hh``a
r
J fC ,I pN d IgdG CG G``fBG h``NBG YGh !ac ``fCh H
LCG e MG H ,JaJh G gP dG S eM K Y
,kbO h kU ``dP ``c ``eh ,kG``a``c QYG EG G Je ``MEG
,dG Y h``G SH bh jQL fc dG cG Y dP O H
jG HdG WdG
*
jdG S H g
11
iDhQ
jDhQ
HdG edH GdG j
, ro NG dGh- jdGh SOdG JQhO HdG d eG o dG AL
JJ e jdG e geh ,eCG LhCG e d u oe -dG H ,eCG
HdG dG Ie ebo G Y QG```UEGh UG Y Geh
u ,aCG d
S f b HdG eG G SDG gQWEG J CGH dG G
.eY
jdG IO```dGh AYdG U G```dG jd Ua dG T b s eh
G j dG zdG H{ H d ;HdG eG SSCG GVh
eCG jh ,hdG oj ,bGGh G Jh ,dG Kd ;S
.YLGh ,jdGh ,jObGh ,SdG :OHCG aH HdG edG
;H sHJ IOuoe GOuoe s K ,HdG eCG FH s j ah fs CG gdGh
e YGdG edGh ,GjdG d dG Yh b HdG edG j
JGOGe jOJh ,gW c ; G H t dG gGdG GQdG
.dG HdG WdG hO e dhO gQhT e J b dGh ,djPh
QJ h J CG QYH- d FdG G g HdG eCG r nU s Ch
JGQb jJ EG hdG g s d Y cdG j fEa -QGSG Z
.G fl JfeEG AHh ,jdG
dG G EG ,ds a dBG Y Jj CG j HdG r nU s CG Y
MG feCGh ``dhO d WdG eCG LMG QYG Jh ,AGHG
edG ``eCG Y o KDJ dG ,dhdGh bEGh NGdG GGh
AGLCG J N e dG bdG e WJ dP j CG Y .HdG
.HdG hdG H
s h
a QJ HY jY Ib AfEG CGe OYH dG IOdG Qn G``b CG T
o
bh j fCG EG ,HdG edG eCG M eCG EG IN toj ,vjQNG hdG
Jh ,Y dBG Y eT aGJh ,`
m `c Ol G``YEG QdG IdG ``g i``J CG
aVEG GUQ dH Jh ,``gQhO IdG OD`J M NJ LJ dG hd
.G HdG hdG I YGOh ,ed
eT jObG ej
dGh ad jDhdG SDe gQJ
IQGOEG FQ
jdG ``FQ
`` FdG M H ``JM
jdG
24479885 :Jg
info@alroya.info
ObG
233 , 241 :fi
businessdesk@alroya.info
G
239 , 208 :fi
localdesk@alroya.info
VjdG
242 :fi
sportdesk@alroya.info
dU e
23295546 Jg
23202934 ca
salalah@alroya.net
fYG
24479888 :Jg
ads@alroya.info
cGTG
24493701 :Jg
jRdG
GOHh T Mah
assmitv@hotmail.com
H Cg dG Jch dG dWEG
.dM Y fCWh dG
fG CG Hh ``d``WEG J H
``HG``dG ``` W``dG ````d``H ``` ` MG
``j``L ``e `````dG O```Y `` ` `HQCGh
Hh dG Jh fCG d
i``d ``` ` G ```S```dG ``g ``b``dG
IO``Y j a fdG ``c
g eh WdG EG dG dL
`` `NBGh `` G ``H ``````J ``Y``` ` G
dh IOd fCH j YG YTEG
SQ H CG hH jQGdG g
j Qf AL CG EG gcDj hCG j
G ``c ``f``ch ```V``G ``` KEG
M dG IO``Y EG a J
YLG UGdG FSh UCG
e ````UCGh ``dP cCd `` bCG ``g
Y GQOb FSdG g GSG j
U c EG H j H jdG
``e``YEG ````dG ```Z ``X CG
He jd ``e ```dh ,````S``dG
G dG d aGG e
M ahCG Gfc LdG MQ
Y (dH) dh e AT ae
.JG IOdG
Q``` U ``` ` ` ` Uh Q`` ` `` `dG `` ` dP
IO``Y ``cD``J ````c i`` ` NGC ``` ` ` eh
QU ``c a R`` HCG CG EG dL
jdG dG gjOSG
e AT d CJ a fc dGh
R``HCG ```dh ,dG IO```H Je
UGdG ``F```Sh ``Y ``dhG``J ``e
I``F``` dG ``` S ``N ``g ``Y``` ` LG
fHh Yeh bJh d G
eh CG fe Qe e YbEG
e jh AGLCd gQY K
MQ a g MdG CG cDJ iNCG
dhdG R``e``dG ``N e fS
Md c IOY J dG
`YdG
dG CGdG
hdG e
UdG
N
dG Uf
NGdG ``c``G ```dh ,```U``G
GdGh UG dG QG
Y jCG Y aY dG NGdG
``f``c ``Y``` ` LG ``` UG``` dG ``F``` Sh
Gg OS dG dL CG cDJ
G I``F```dG Uh CG EG ,A````G
K `` eh ``U``G Q`````d ``` d``
H EG ``` Mh````H ```d``L ``` ` fG
Q``` ` f``H ``` ` G GR `` `eh `` c`` dG
``YEG FSh Y j SQ H
```G I``a T ```M jdG
g ``` J ``b IhQP ``Y```S ``` H `` eh
jJ ``g```` dH `` `cCG
`` ZCG ``H CG`` H `` dGh dG
Qd jJ e UGG WdG
``eG``dGh Q``` NCG ``g``jO````SG ``e
K CG M UdG H VJ
```V``J Q``` ` d `` d`` ch `` eO`` b ``f``` H
``YC` H ``` dG ``g``jO``` ` SG ``j``J
g dG dL QUh dG
S ``e ``a```e i``` S ```j
``cC` J CG ``` H ``` ` U``` J `` e ``` ` dG
``d``L IO`` ` `H ``` ` G i`` `d `` `G
Me Y d G dG
dh WdG ejCG e IjL
WHQh gFb U Y fdG
IQdH QdG Y UMh TCL
M HjEG e dG J dG
q ``dG G dh dL U
M UGdG FSh ``Y ``dhG``J
`` MC `` `j G`` `WC` ` H ``` d``L `` ` `TCG
e ac ae ``j C` H aGe
S Y e Lj gh Hh H
iS AT Y j CG hO IFdG
H j dG eQdG G Y
d ``g``jEG dL dOjh T
e ``FG``dG Y f ``g G ``g
.WdGh dGh dG dK H
24490386 :Jg
dG IG g jCG{
z?dG `a gV
dG L
12
{ gQJ YSCG U
. .
dGh jdG
:jG If ` c
dEG edG idG IQGRh J
Y Y Md Y Ua aJ
Ajh Sj bYG hP e
(17) IOG edCG M ,JfeG e
dG dG MU dG fb e
e J cCa eY N j
bYG hP e G IFGdG TJ
SJ dG YCG e gDG
.JM e
bQ QGRdG QGdG f c
MH j dGh 2005/125
MU Y e (%2) f
,cCa eY (50) j dG dG
2006/362 bQ QGRdG QGdG fh
Y bYEG hP e edG MH
QGb QU c ,dG f eY
H bG 2013/229 bQ QGRh
fH LG j Y ja
Mc G bG UTCG
d edG dG S Y Y
e ja AfEGh ,edG idG
SG Y j dG IQGRh e
bYEG hP e Y Y MdG
.LJh Y dG Ua VYh
j bYG hP J Mh
IFGO je TdG QM H Y
fb OGe AL :LdGh dG
jQGRdG GQGdGh dG dG
M Y Ua OjG d d G
M bYG hP e dG Y Md
hP e MGh MH J MG
dG Y MdG e 2 c bYG
VhG dG f Rj
.UG SDGh cdG Y
WdG edG idG OY jh
dG edG h bYG hP e
Y e jj M eY 1689 UG
.2014
j bYG hP J dBG Yh
J Y J IQGRdG EG TdG
dG GQe M bYG hP
Y Xh Ua aJ a G
Y hCG TG dG efH jW
dG Y
e aG OJ SSCG Y SdG H bdG J
VGdG e Uh jOh QH IjdG IG ae N
h adGh jQdG G T dGh
fY Mh eRCG HZ e dPh iNCG dGh eG
Ojh G FGT H edG QGhOCG dEG dP ijh Gg
GQGh gdG GQdG jOdG hdGh dG dEG Gg
N e L dP jh dG H H dGh dG
SCh W IQH dG H e SdG S
CG dG e dd ec Z fEG CG cDJ e
IOSd dPh dG hCG dG d fEG NCG dEG j
jH jNBG id IaGG feEGh GQGh GQdG e
.Yheh ffb fc Y e HGhQh UGhCG
dEG dG e AH f CG jCJQG dG GP h
J dEG ej fG SSCG Y SdG H FdG dG e
Y fdGh dG gQWEG eGh jQdG bdG
gG jZ jQJh GQY j c dG CG
QOj b fCH Gg de f CG fCG e fG fLh Gd
IQhdH j jdG Y e CG dG gPCG dEG
(dG) IFGO V aOGe fCG SSCG Y dG Y
.SGdG ee
e Y j e e d CG bGdG dh
AGdG Y CG H k Jh L ..NBG G
e~I H 9 y- iMy l*1 H ef}- eHK
e J eh J eh dG dG Y CG c (dG)
M}jG*e~I9y-l*1
e a iNCG FOh GQH gG g Vh dh
CG Y e IQH JeN VY hCG S H j
dG Gb d YGh jYdGh jhdG SS j
jG dG jdG YGbh SCG N e
..G dG NRh adG dG Y ddG e
eH fG hCG S AGT Zj e c Y HHh
dBGh dG AGdG dSCGh W JEG Y Lj e
Jeh dG JLMG J dG LdG QNG
Y j Ggh jNd dGh IcG Y Gk H G
d iAGj dG Gg h hdG M hCG SDGh OGaG
epH eN He G* < }jG*K M}jG* l*4e}H &*
e dG SG J IMGh d Lhh Gk eh
.(adG hCG HQCG) J dG jObG G LCG
FdG j CG k eY (dG) Y j dG IYdG PEG
g dJ jd j QSCH eGh dG L dG
g J CGh bG HQEd eg e eGh dG
VQh YH AGdG Y d Hd eh HPL QSG
GfCG aCG Y d HdG j HHh ..J bh
.dG H e eN Vh QSG bCH eGh dG
..NBG dG bE W c IQeh jY J gh
g eN hCG S CG iG j CG L c hj FdG
QSCG CGh MG VhdG H OLGh GSG aG
.jNBG FdG QSCH fQe fCGh bCG g
CH FdG ehe (iG) HdG hj HHh
eG ie e SJ h dY eN hCG S QSCG
..dG IaGG dGh
SQ IjY Wh dSCG QJ IFGdG g Vh
IjY FLh UJ J dGh (Gh FdG)
:dG dG Y FdG j a e dG dh
ejMeH H +|G* iH ,4+ }G* 9{<
e QSG hCG IYe W dG LG hO jh dH
hCG dH G dG G EG dG he
.MG eG
hO FHdG GQb e j dG OGS Y J
.FGdG dG Ie
eI 1 H fG* y+ eH l}-K leHy1 D.aGL Hd bCG eG
.Se eR Gd eG dhGe hCG GSG V
.G dG Ia AfG H IG fdG V
jQJ e IO Ia N YG dG LSG feG
.AGdG
AKCGh b Y N IYGe k ehO iG Y HHh
:dG AGdG Y
AGdG hdG b k e Jje ge j
GfG Y Y QSG hCG Ge e AGLG N e dG
.gCG jh eG hCG dG
jhdGh fYG f FJ IQH GG Y
.Je J hCG Lj b dGh dGh ed
Zj dG eGh d IO fGe Vh
.IO eR Id gaJ hCG FGT
Jh IjY jG J dG eGh dG AGT Y
aO dHh HdG J hCG GQb SJ dY J
.k UCG HdG Lj UG Ic de
fC ..FL fGh FGdG OGG S OJJ Gk NCGh
dd M dH dEG e Jh J S
jQdG Ea dGh AGdG dSCG aCG Y f QO
G QeCGh eY IG dG W SCG
.jdG Lh Y aGMGh
jQJ N
TdG Y
ICH ed jOCdG dG
.MGdG dG
gEG hCG GOe CN dG AKCG edG JQG GPEG da
Md j fEa ICd NGdG fCG F dN hCG VGh
iJ CG Rj H Y de eGZ jEGh d dG
eGdG J h IMGdG HdG Y LCG e jCG N HdG
.dG hCG gEG hCG CG bh Y k ej Y (15) e H
Jjh ,e Ia N edG jEG jOCdG bdH j
.dG Y bdG Ie N LCG e edG eM Y
UG ah dG MU j dG jOCdG bdG Ea
H b dG dG f jOCJ HY j IOG g Y
.edG
JGQ e G e e bG de HY a eGdG eCGh
OGQh d LR a Y dG eGdH dNEG H HY edG
eGdG hJ Mfh .Y e H b dG ANCG Y
bJ e NCG edG Y eGdG bJ EG M IMGdG dG
.LCG e eG e eGdG
dG S H fj
jb Y IFGO - fb MH
younis.salim@yahoo.com
.UG
G Me KEG QMEG -5
Y j FGd dH
NdG ASG jT ,e 1500
.(eY c Y jQ 1000)
IQG SdG
NJ QGUEG SQ .Q 1
I dG bH SQ .Q 200
S
c Y .Q(201) G
.eY
bQ QGRdG QGdG ah
.(2005/48)
LdG YdG
eG dO
V) GSH Nd
.(FGM ,UN
HG GG
Z eY ib W IQSG
fY
dG bdG e IQU -2
Y dG IQGRh aGe -3
jJh eGSG G VG
dG IQGRh e e W
.dG jG dM Vj
NdG j e QMEG -4
350 Y j CG Y) dG
Vd dH (jT .Q
dG dG fb
e
LdG YdG e j
jdG dG HdG e
jQGOEGh YLGh jObGh
.gZh ..jHdGh
eSG IOe (Logistics) LdG
e eGb NOh jEG dG
dG fdG dG Y JNCGh 1861 Y
J QUh jZEG Y JNCG
SSCG fCd IfG fCG
dG fEG Y IQGOEG Y Jh
bdGh FdG aJ ah j dG
c iNCG OQGGh eGh
fEG e e dG Mh eG
.SG e dEG
YdG) e GSG T c
jdG FKdG (LdG
13
HdG dG
o s bCG
M S dG CG ed dG eCG d Y ALh ..KG fG SCG S LG ce HY Ib AfEH kMoe jdGh SOdG HdG d eG
dG
t
Yd hdG G dG YO c ..dG Yd SCG Jh KG fG N- HdG f HdG hdG eL Y eCG YOh ,HdG edG eCG fUh jdG
dG H CG j hdG G s CG Y Gk Oe .gQEG ae HdG OG
OG J{ EG -dG T IG dG YC eG G ,eCG ,c
IQhV Y GOe ..bJ hO G HgQEG dG ac LGe jh ,HgQEG ;iNCG e e H J eh ,jdG dG NdG J ce Ib d Gh
k
.edG QedG SCG e ShCG dG ANEG GjJ
Jh ,WdG JOSh AYCG hdG e Cx G eSh eCG Ou J dG jdG LG
dhdG e W Y AH ;HgQEG dG GjJ a ;HdG edG eCd Gk Te
U g - jDht dG
Ud FSdG c OSG H ,G UY d Ynr O Y dG YCGh .zG
SDe AHh dedG WdG G Ie
Y H G ```Gh dG R``EGh ``dh``dG
Gh dhO I``jD`Gh Wh Y aGG eG
SGH dG YCGh dG fGOCGh ..z2016 jDhQ{
Vh eMh edG dG V dG J
.edG edG jaCG OG H
HdG eG
```e``L ``` ` e ``` Y ``M``` G ``j``` ` dG `` `Mh
A```SDh``dGh IO```dG sCG EG QG```dG Q```TCG ,HdG h``dG
Y MG jdG h dG GhNCG dG
eG aG HdG h``dG eL e
dG ASDhQ ,dG IOdG sMh .dG ie Y
KK Z ee e AfG Y dG ah
.QGdG Gg QhU jQJ e TCG
dG dG
``` SO``` ` dG `` ` ` JQhO ``` H``` dG ``` ` dG `` ` `cCG ``` c
Q```G ``g ``e``` ` dGh O``` dG ``` ` dG s CG ,``j`````dGh
eT Y dG Y CGh JGSG
GYG jdG QGH dG OTCGh ,F
IQOdG UdGh bGG Jh ,a dhH
,fah ,fSEGh ,GdjCGh ,IG G fH Y
G `a eOdG dG
``` H``` dG ``` ` dG `` `` ` YCG `` ` `N `` `` ` YoCG
``` G sCG ,`` ` `eCG ,``j``` ` ` dGh ``` SO``` ` dG
27`` dG ``` JQhO ```H```dG ````dG S
.G dG
Gc HG dEG Y eG FQ cCGh
``SO````dG ``` ``` G ``d``L ``s ` e `` `dG- dG T b YCG -G e
d eG G ``N ``g```dCG c
M HG G OGSG -dG
,```H```dG d 27`` `dG ``jO```dG IQh`` dG
Y ``H``` e ,``SO``` ` dG ``` ``` G ``` S``FQ
hdG IOb SH HG G RGYG
.dG g N HdG
``g``` ` dG h`` ` H i`` ` `NCG ``` L `` e s ` ` ` fh
dG T b TCG OS dG edGh
gHh ,e SFQ fG dG
c ,a cQG HdG Oad dG
````dG ```Y ````G ````F``dG IO````H O``` TCG
,dG JT ```dG hG``` ` d dG
e L H KCG dH d c dGh
Gch ,Ie e gj dG GgCG
e edG feCG dH dG OH
.dG g d HdG hdG
26`dG JQhO dG TCG NG bh
```T YEG ````Y ``` WCG `` `YEG QG``` UE` H
J GQGdG e Y j dG
HdG dGh HdG G VhCG
.G
He
jhHCG L - AGG
jDhdG -e
g e J Y jh ,``Y H
dG QOGdG c IFdG d GQhdG
AWCG gCJ EG J dGh ,dG
HG ````` G``e````d G```L ```g``J
jh .``cCG aHh OCG H VGh
A``` WCG ``jQ```H ````dG I``c```G ``c``e
e UN dG dG fl
jh ,IGh FQdG H j
HG PfE eG GQhdG g cG
G GQh`` `dG ``gCG ``e UCG fc
``` ` j``eEG ``` ` ` G ``` b `` e `` ` `dhO ``` H
.MGd
dG eH dj bGdG gCG
MdG jdG ee XJh dG
MdG b QH aj CG fCT e
``` g``` ` ``H `` a`` jh ``e``b ``` ` ` G
.edG dG
FdGh IaGdG ddG qCG EG a
GQ`` chCG ``c``eCG ``g ``e J `````UCG
.GQ`` `` ` Gh ``` ` ` dG `` ` `dh ````` ` d
M GHCG ZEG SCG M GdAJh
IQGRh qCGh S QG ``eCG bGdG
G ```e``H eb IQe G`` dG
.BG M e X dh GS e
Y ``j``H ``bG```dG I```H EG Qj
``q ` M``` ` ` dG `` e`` ` `G `` e O`` ` `H `` N`` J
.G H J dG KGdGh
dG Uf Y
``Y ``j``H ``bG``` dG `` `gCG dW
eH `````G ``` Gh G`` `dG IQGRh
dG IQ`` Gh ```dG ``bG```dG ```S
EG GhQ`` `` ` TCGh ,`` ` `dG `````d IQh`` ` `G
b UCG ```KG``dG ````eCG J CG
``` WG``Gh G``` ` dG ``g`````j ```M````S
eCG d SQGGh q dG Wh
`` `gCG i`` d I``` c I``` eh ``f``` e ``e
.OG`` `LCGh A`` HBG b ``` ``` fq EG ```M
```X```H ``` ` ` ` G `` ` `G ``j``` T``` e
jdH MdG GQG``Gh eG
UNd dG G NG
eG ITdG jQdG IQh``dG dG
(ATLS) OG`` ` ` ` G ``H``` ` e P`` `` ` f
````bCG `` `dGh ,``` ` dG I``c``` G ``c``e
hdH ,``SQ``e 27 - 25 ``H ``e Jda
`````dGh ``MG````d ```f````dG ``` HG``dG ``e
W 15 QHh .MGd jeCG
``MG``Lh ``e```dG ``MG``G J ``e
4h jdG ``Wh QG``` dG ``Wh ````dG
``` Wh QO`` c ```Y O``` ` Y``Hh ```V``
200 ``e `` cCG IQh`` `dG Q``` Th ,``jQ``J
``e``` dG `` MG`` G ```````J `` e ``` ` W
jdGh QG```dG ``Wh dG MGLh
q h .```j````dGh
dG QO``` dG ``jQ``J
,MGd jeCG q dG j kah
N HQG cG dG Id ahh
GTEH gQNG c ,VG G``YCG
``gO``` ` YGh ``MG``` ` d ``` ` j``eCG `````dG
dG M dHh ,HQe Gfd
dG QOGdG jQd G``YG Y
WdG QOdG IQb j dGh .dG
H ``JA```c `` aQh f ```Y O````Y``d
AWCG jQJ EG IQhdG Jh .e
``j``dhCGh ,``H``` UEG e Y d
14
MCG M IVfi
H TG fb
dG dh -f
eG Xe YJ hU f
``M ````j```J I``` V``fi ````H ``` f``G
,``e``G ```H ``e ```T```e ``f``b ``` MCG
QHh GdG e e hdH dPh
ZdG S ``H Q``M dG IOS
`````SD`G ```` ``e O`` Yh ``` f Gh
.gCGh eG
``e O`` ` Y EG h`` ` `V`` ` `G `` `` ` Jh
hdEG bH j e e ,QhG
JG jJ gCH ``fk ``EG hd
hdG `` jDhQ ``e ``b```fG ```UG```dGh
```fh```dEG ``e``G ````aCG ```J
G hCG ``j``Y``` ` Gh ```X````d
``` T``` e `` f`` ` `d `` ` `` `V`` G `` ` ` Y
`` ` `c .`` ` e`` ` G `` ` `H `` `e B` ` a`` `` ` eh
JUNGh ,hdG Y If J
dG dGh ,JGQSGh OQGeh
jJ EG ``a``` VEG ,``` b``eh h``````d
e G `` dOCGh ``fG```d``H Q````G
eG H e Baeh Te fb
,eCdG jG `` ``M``G ``f```dGh
``jO```T```SG `` dOCG ``VG`````SG ``f```H
`` `cG`` `` ` TGh `` j`` Y`` ` `` `G `` ` e`` ` Nh
c ,FMEGh jQhdG HGh
Jh jQdG KOG SCG be
fGLh G A`` chh ``j``Y````G
`` ` `UG`` ` `dG `` ` `` `` `` `H `` ` `` `` `J i`` ` ` ` ` NCG
.YLG
RJ z oY c{
dG dG IFH
dH eG fi `a Yo Rc Ve fG
G r Sn - dG
jDhdG - e
LddGh IQGOEd Yo c M
dPh ,dG dG AdEG hCG cG
eG bCG dGh ,eG HdG
e c O``Y cQ MG HdG
,```````dG ``` ` ` dGh ``` e``G ````W
Fb dG T ddG Qq ```Jh
dCG jT Ib FdEG jFdG
.HYEG Y Mh ,jVG SM
``cQ```T `````dG qCG ``c``d``H ``j``Gh
dGh dG dG G
``j```` ` dGh ``` S``dGh A`` `` ` dEGh O`` ` `` `fEGh
G Y FdG OTCG bh ,dGh
``eCG ,HdG gGd dG jYH
.d k Ya k cQe M dG
SGS dH NG iNCG L e
dG hDT b ebCG dG dG Ic
IGQ LddGh IQGOE` d Yo H
``f```e ``j``H ``` j``a ``H ````L I``` e
jH ja RH IGQG fGh ,INdGh
PSCG VdG IGQG M bh ,fe
W `` e ``` Lh ``` ` ` dG ````Y Q``` c``dG
dG Y b IGQG AfG Hh ,dG
c ,FdG jd ddG SCc H
```dG```e ``` dGh hCG ``` j``` dG ``` eo
``g `` jQ`` ` `e CG EG Q``` ` j .``d``` ` dG
jG G G Y bCG ddG
.d
dG dG ce f
`` j`` Y`` J `` ` `d`` ` `a Gk ` ` ` `ND` ` ` `e
hdH ,VQCG j S
d ```j``dG dG ``e
.ShCG
dG ce FQ dbh
H ```jhR IQ```c``dG dG
```dG qEG FdG N
g ``VQCG H MG e
dH gGh YdG f
``jG``J ``` H `` `dPh ,```````dG
h ,dH `````dG ````gG
``` ` dG `` `e ``` ` d `` `dh`` `fi
GOj jdG dG eJh
``` ` dh ``j``` ` ` dG ``` ` ` ` ` e
dG dG ce EG fG
HdG e -jDhdG
``e```dG ``j``j````H ```` ``````dGh ``` H``dG IQGRh ````J
``` SGQ``dG OG`` hCG ``````dG ```H````G ```U``G ``SQG````d
SGQdG d e a UG SQGH YLG
```T``H) `` `jh ``Y```b i`````e ```Y `` dPh (2015/2014)
da Jh ,(dG) ``jh bh ,(GedGh eh
.G jHCG e Y eG M HG
````S `` ` b ``` ` ` ` dG ``` H``` ` G G`` ` ` ` gCGh `` q ` `` `gCG `` ` `Mh
``` Y``` ` LG `` ` ` ` SGQO hCG ``` ` e - Qh`` ` ` ` G ``` ` M `` H
e ```J ```H````G EG - ```U``G ``SQG````d ``e```dG ``j``j````H
YLG ``` SGQ``dG G``` TEG b ``g````j ```dG ```H````G
``SQG``` ` d ``e``` dG ``j``j````H `` ` ` dGh G`` `` ` TEG I`` FG`` H
``j``H``dG `` ` d`` ` ` dGh `` ` ` ` fCG ``` ` V `` ` dPh ,`` ` `U`` G
dG ``fG`` IR``` Gh dG G``g ```H ```j ```dG ``aO```dG
.z`` ` SGQ`` dG ``` ` G G`` ` ` gCGh ``` ` L``J ``` j `` ``````G
``````dG `` fG`` G ``j``` J EG ``` J ``` H``` ` G CG `` ` ` VCGh
ad H dG ````a```G hQ ``Hh ,d dGh
15
He
dLOdG IjY
HdG FY
G S
FdG QH
jdG H
TGdG MCG
JdG Sj
FdG M
dG Uf - Y
f M .O
gdG OTQ
SdG S
dG eG IQGOEH dG dG b FQ
dG ``H`` ``Y ``j````d ;I``g``` dG ```a```
``gCG ``Y sJ M ;I``g```dG a dG
G `` Hh ,dG dG OL
oj c .G jYdG OG gCGh ,dG
GQO```G ``jDh``dG H ``e ```dG ej G
``j`` ``` ` FQ ``a``````SG ``Y ``` a``` ` dGh ```````G
``g``G bd ;``F```dG ``M jDhdG U
dG fG jJh ,G GQOG Yd jDhdG
jDhdG IFL :H jQG e OY Y G
```WC`d G G h````eh ,`````dG GQO```
.zOHdG
o
j
,YLG `` YEG jQe `` h
Ia cd dG FdG jG S G
`` YEG ``c```T ``Y ``j````d ;``Y``` ` LG ``YE` d
,``` G G`` g `` ` `YCG IO`` ` jQ `` ` Gh ,``Y``` ` LG
jQdG e
u
OQG``eh bEG jd edG ``j``j``G J
dG YdG G n YCG ,IgdG a G
e hCG ```M ``````Jh ``` dG `````J ``` dG ,``F``Gh
,``Y ``j``H ``jQ```dGh YdG YH ,``j``HCG
dG ``gGR H H Y SG IOS jYQ
cQh ,G OQGe hDd bEG jdG ch
e O``Y
JH FdGh ,YdG e
u
.FGh dG dG
e GkO``Y -YJ joe - G jh
j ````FQ :`````H ``eh ;``` e``YEG dG
G```H fSd ;``F```dG ``M z``jDh``dG{ I``j``L
`` `YEGh ```Y```dG ``j````b `` gCG ``M G
u
.eG SDG
H ``` e ``` e``YEG `t ` ,``` ` ` G `` ` jCG hCG h
eYEGh JdG Sj eYEGh jQG
Y `````H ``` e``YEG ```Y ``a````V ,``` TG``dG ``d``N
oe ````oU``j YJ ie ,TdG ``j```dG
``` e``YEG ```````dG ``H``h ,`` eRC` `d `` ` YEG
o dG jdG ``gCG boe ;```G G``g
Lh J
t c .```e``YEG `` eRCG IQGOE dG ```SQ```G
WdG QNCG
dGY A - jDhdG
SD G``YG F dG dG IQGRh QUCG
,qSGQdG JgDe dOeh fdG Z dG dG
dG QN SQGdG L Y FdG MCG Jh
,UG f N e hCG SGQO IRLEG hCG e hCG H
GQh`` d`` c ``` O``cCG ``Z `` gD` `G ```Y ````J ````a
.dGh G jQdG eGdGh
IQcdG e Q```UCG a SdG I``j``G Mh
QG``` UE` H GkQG`` ` b ``` dG ``````dG I`` `jRh ``j`````S```dG `` `jhGQ
ch IO````S ```S``F``H ``` J J ```dG ```F``dG
,``dhD` ` ` Gh ``````G ``` G ``e 10 ``j``` ` Yh IQGR`` ` `dG
j a UNG ``g``Mh dG d j Hh
c ,```H G`` YG jJ hCG A```dG hCG GO`````H G``Y``H
SQGdG fdG dG dG bh dG d Rj
OGe iMEG dN GPEG fdG Z dG dG SD
hCG ddG dd hCG V AGS GRhH JCG GPEG hCG FdG
GQe e J CG e H fdG ddG
``gD`G CG hCG ,Q``e h``H ````SGQO je hCG
c ,FGd Y UG ``e ``bCG ``eR SGQdG
Ga jCG fdG dG dG AdEG SCG J
.eG G NGO dG eCGh eS Y IdG
G`` ` YG `` e`` ` e `` `M `` ` F`` dG ``` ` ` ` ` J `` e `` ` eCG
e SDG J CG a dG dG SD
dhO A```HCG d J CGh G ``dhO b e H
.ASG hCG hH a dG L eJ CGh ,G
``gD` G ``dO``` e ```Y ``` aG``G ``HG````H `````j ````ah
aGe Y dG M IQhH WT a SGQdG
SDe ``jCG ```SGQ``d``H ````dG b IQGR`` dG ``e Hc
e dG efh SDG g J CG Y ,Y J
efG KEG ddG Y q CG c ,dG b e H UG
RLCG a ,dG RGL J G SDG g
dG) eGH Gh GQcdG W AYEG FdG
Y G H ``dPh dG fG T e (H Y
.IQGRdG aGe
dG ```SGQ``dG ```H``H G``Y``d ```F``dG ``W```TGh
GkA`` L ``gD` G G``g ```j CG H ``e h````dG ``e GkO`` Y
.LG LQO e CGj
H G``Y``d IQGR`` `dG ``W```T``a GQ``` c``dG `` LQO `` eq CG
LG LQO Y H be J CG dOeh
dOj e hCG dG Je e SjQddG LQO b eh
.GS 3 Y SGQO Ie J CGh bCG Y
jDht dG - e
fdG oY WT s
``` G `` b`` H `` e h`` ` ` d`` Hh`` N -`` `` ` ` ` eCGh ``j``` ` ` ` dG
`````dG `` e ,`` ` V`` G `` ` ` SCG
L ``e e 110 Y
`` ` `jh `` ` e O`` ` `Y ``` ` `
O`` ` dG `` ` d`` N`` d ;``` ` ` ` ` dG
sMQ c ,Yhe Z jH
GAG``LEG PJG H k e 35
e dGh ,eRdG ffdG
.Md fGH GQS
r
fdG oY WT YOh
n o
JdG EG G a
Ld hdG e m je Jh
,FdG edG `` jCG AG`` jEGh QG``` dG ``J``g ```Y ``` ` J``H a fdG Y WT
``` VGQCG EG ``` d``NO ``````J hCG `` bCG EG ``L``` dG hCG ,(9999) `` ` ` HEG `` ` `N `` ` e ;`` ` ` ` ` dG
.dG ``````J `` `Yh ,``W``` ` ` d ``c``e Ak G```S `` G ```J ``Y Q``` dG
WdG T a FG VG aG
QXEG Y UM FG eGdGh OG
e jdG ``e``bEG ``N ``e ``fG``G J
`` jh ``a```H ``Y````G ``j``Y``` dG ```T```G
GhdGh GVG T M aG
FG OQGG Y G H HGh
aG M Jh. G SG TJh
e ````S`````H ``U``N ````a ``V``Y ,``V``` G
c ,jjH ```e``YEG G ```fEG
Y Q````Gh ```dG Y SG ```WG
a ``cQ```T ``dG ``F``G ``V```G ``j```
dG cTh eG ``j``j``G ac
FG OQG`` G ``d``N ``e VYh ,``U``G
GGh I```LCGh ,JeGSGh G
.dG eG jG
dGG dN - jDhdG
`` H ``` Y ``S``` ` G IO``` ` S ``` ` aG
``````bEG ``j``` ` dG IQGRh ``` ch ````dG
``V```G ``` G OQG`` e hD` ` ` d ``` G OQG`` `eh
bEG jd edG jjd FG
,``` W``` dG ``` ` T ``` a``` `` ` `G OQG`` ` `eh
S H e dG IOS QH ``dPh
H ```dhh ,```W```dG T ``a`` dG
.aG jH Y je dG j
``H``G ``` S ``H Q``` e ``S``` ` G ```bh
jjG Eq G :G OQG``e hDT I``FGO je
```G OQG`` `eh ``````bEG ``j`````d ``e``` dG
RG`` `HE IQGR`` ` `dG ``` JQ``` NG ``` dG ``` a``` ``H
jDht dG - OCG
dG G``KD`Gh GQu ``G ae IQGOEG `r ``dCG
n ,NGdG a WT IOH
oe Y dG
IQ``` G OG`` G IR``` M `````H ;``j``` ` SBG L ``e
.H QGh
,fdG Y WH hDe Qe ``bh
IQG OGG H eb AKCG Y dG s fEG
jDht dG - dU
`` NO `` Y `` Zk `` H ``d``` U ``W``` T o ` c`` e ``s ` ` J
c jW Y jQdG G ``MCG EG
```f``N ``b```Sh ,`````F``dG ```G ``H ```b
edG S GRG``Lh de de Y e c
L EG dG e G s h ,o FKhh
NBG Zk H cG s J ,jCG IY Hh .ahe Z
jDhdG
t - e
hDd WdG d tdG G
CGH
o
Oe{ GH jQJ M ,eCG ,GQG
,zdG GKDGh GQG QGVCH YdG
Jh ,```T```H fc `` ````H
eG cQG cEG H ;jCG
JG Y eRdG GQdGh GQGh
``jQO``b Go d ;```JA```c `` aQh ,````dG
jNBG e VhdGh LdG JG Y
``j``Y``` dG `` e`` ` ` Gh ``` g``` G ``` ` U``Jh
.oe SCH
o ` ` `Jh
``cQ``` ` G ``j``` J EG ``` TQ``dG `
Jfeh dG ``KC``dG GP OG``G G``fC` H
fG IOdG
16
Ggh dG dG ddGh
A``Y``dG GQ``` Y GhOOQh ``Z```J
CG ``JQ``b ```L ````d `````dGh
.``````dG ``d``L ````d ````j
G EG I````G ```Uh ```Yh
HJ S ``W ```dG
dG N - AGG
dG M - AcH
IH Y AGG ``jh LN
a Ie cQd eCG HCG
dG dL IO```H QSGh
aj gh YQh G M G
fGh adGh dG K
dG IOS ee h IG
Gh ``` ` ` ` dG ``` Y `` H ``` ` ` S
jdG AG```TQh jGh AGG
``b`` ``` j`` ``` ` ` e `` e
.AGG jh ce
dGh dG Ye NGh
```S```dG ch cQG ````L
aj dN GU Y gh
CG JQb qL d AYdG cCG
OOQ a ,```d``L ```Y ``
`` jR`` gCG ```````dG ``` ` dG `` a
MG I````G ````dGh dG
cG IG bNGh ,SH
dG aQh S H QdG
EG ak e k S dL IO```H ``M`
k `ah
G````G ``dG``J M ```dG ``W``dG
MdG Y G
k J dG A``LQCG ac
dG dG MU IOH IedG
.G M -````G S ``H ``S``H``b
dG fh Q```f :JOS ``` VCGh
dL IOd fh G fh dG
```U````dG `` ```H `````S ``````dG
.q dG
QUh YCG aQh adG dJh
TfCG ``cQ````G OOQh i``` G ``F```dG
d A`` `dGh ````dG ````Wh
AjH Y - L
q
MH H L jh gCG f
Ie eCG bdG L a
``Y````G ````a ```Z```J I``` T``M ````Wh
edG ``` G IO``` H A````MG ```T``q `G
SHb dG dG MU IM
VQCG EG -G M G S H
.ae k S WdG
jdG QGhO eCG e IG fGh
dG IOS a QTh bdG H
L Gh Q```G G Y H VY
FdG L
GM GOY
WdG b j
o `` j ``s ` Y `u ` ` YC `````H o``` ` ` eCG
``W```H `
ddG j Y oe ..dG Y GLY JLa
J
t ```j``Z ``c``M ``f``ch ,``SQ``e ``e ``j`````dGh
Va ,G dUho bs j o G ..oY An LQCG
s H
YdG rUCG ,bs J b bdG s Cch dG
S dG fdGh CG UCGCG ,dEG j ..AH t
!?jW Z H Y VQCG
AYdGh AdH dG eG ,YG rNG
.adGh dH h ,Y oj CH d
j CG Jc hCG YT C o ..SHb HCG
.dG Gg T Ye
H eG b Hb YQR ``dG ``G s EG
,LQh ,HTh ,Th ,GQch ,GQU ,H GLeGh
dGh ,``d A``Y``d``H G EG j `t ``dG .A````fh
ag s C ;dh d AdGh H jh e
J c Hbh ,dY oY SG aQ gh ,MGh
.dG WdG Gg Mh H
G MQ fch ,GNCG idG s b a
d G dL e ALh ..OY Y SGh
EG ``eCGh fCdGh QGSGh dG oj
dEG ```gh ```Z H I``` aCG a ,``S````dG
.TG H dG
..G f LHG GGh GaCG s Yh
IG ``F``b U ```Y `````W``H l ` e``Y l `` a
````KCG -``` Y G `` ` eCG- ``` j``G ```f````dG
,fY I``` SCG ``c EG i`````dG `` `as Rh ,Qh``` ` dG
GG LNh edG dSh YG Va
MdG EG G``aCG afGh ,e c IQOdG
T I````S s ` `Lh s ` `Y ``d````d `````J ``L``` ` Gh
s L- d da ;FdG eS Y aYh
s `Y- ``d ```Gh ,dG dG ``g Y -``d``L
CH dG AYO dG Gd SG CG -Lh
.adGh dH dL Y se
o G Hj Ghoj CG fd s ` Mo d ..
p``
Ge fa ;dGdG Fd AadGh A``dGh
o dh ,``b``J hO O```dG A`` LQCG `` dG
G``j``a k` LP`` ``` ``` fCG ``` dG ```f````dG
,CG H H o Nfo dGh IOdG H MdG
..f Y fh H Oo s J kGTQ kSS keh
dG ``K dCGh SHb dG G M
SHb e GM GkOYh ..Wd GNP adGh
.WdG b j G
IM fe HjEG bdG eh f
MJ ``M```H I````G CG`` `Hh .``d``G ``M```U
H WCG Jh jT Fbh jdG WC
GR``EG e e Y dL jcT WdG
Jh fS G YGO adGh AdG jO
.adGh dH CG
adGh AdG ie Y Ie cQG ALh
dG dG MU IM Y f d
``YCG cQG ``aQ M G S H SHb
edG H MG FdGh AeO `a fdG MRd T Le e OGH MG GW `a cQj GQO 100 e cCG
G dh -FdGh AeO
dG dh f
17
```````M
zddG{ d 38 icdG `a
CGh Mh f MQ ..
`
V
Gh Q``` eCGh ``j``dG ``Z``H ```d``M ``e ```H J
,jOG dDG e hdG ``N e .I``d``G fZCGh
f
dh
(Ae) f d IdG G ;UYCGh
kGQe JG dG WdG ZCG jJ kG``FGQ UCG
:HCG GdG e dM H ,(Qf)
fZCG .(gdG Yh c CG) bCG G ZC kce
k`f`` ` ` ````e ``` ` J CG Qh`` ` `e
Q`
`
`
d
G
`
`
`
`
H
h
A`
`
`
`
G
`
`
`
`
`
H
,GSh ,GgCGh W Y d fCG e ,WdG
j h ,OYeh ,AG `` ``e dSQh ,Qfh `` ` `HG`` ` `S `` ` `` `L `` ` Z`` ` Hh .. `` `` ` FG`` `M `` ` `` `L `` ` Z`` ` a
fehdG ,dG FQbh ,S T Q`` ` ` ` `f `` ` ` ` ` ` `d `` ` `` ` ` ` ` ` a `` ` ` c`` ` ` ` ` ` `` ` ` `dG `` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` G `` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` Z`` ` ` `Hh
M Qh``j dG dG ``c ``e k``d``Zh .``Gh ```Gh Q`` ` ` ` `` ` `YEGh `` ` `W`` ` `G `` ` ` `G `` ` Z`` ` ` ` ` Hh `` ` j`` ` ` ` ` dG `` ` `Z`` ` `Hh
QG`bCG MCG dh j S G
jh Ic G CGj M ,G GYh CGh GdG
G G
G q J b HY IQSG ```gh .``jh```SC`e jf
GdG TCG c Sj dG G e ,dG VH Ija ZCG SG MdG e j ZCG J
.dN Y FfdG H N hCG ```G ``` ```a .``j`````e I``Y ```Y ```Y``f ``e
CG cf ...````dGh fEG M G``a cf dG
.``HCG GdH ``G Jh SG b
G WY cf ...jdG MhQ S G``dG Gh CG Vne ``HB`c dM dG dG Uj
...jhSCeh Fa cCG IG eU e L dGh ,jLGdG SG eG e dH f .``eCG bQH
...dG dGh YdG `` jCGh ```eG``dG dG cf c ,FdG SGLCG U cj gh ``ZQCG f M
``S````MGh A``d``H A``` G ``` ` dGh `` `HCG `` G ``c```f iU OO`` d ``b``G ``N``J ``K .``F``` L ``c``e ```c ``d
YGh M U S b ,jLGdG IhQP EG k Uh SGLCG
JjcP kGdN S dh ,d kGMh M e
:jJdG Y eGQO YQ H kHe FG
Se ILG QdG e .gdG ``HCG ```MGhQCGh Hbh
Jh GG iJ ..S T j
I``j``G ``YG``dG J ``e ```HQ ``c ```f``ZCG jJ ,```H``dG
jCG e WCG ..fCG ML Yh
e ,dG AV Ad kSdG MCG feh M Oj .SG Y edH ZCG MaG QhJ
d .CG ZQ FGQ IM V ``eCGh IOG bdG CGj d ,kjHCG UCG ML C ``MCGh Gh G IM
e bCdG hj QGSH Xh ,dG e cCG M c
.jCG Qh
.b j dG SdG DG fGb ,H fCGh jT M CGj dG dG G
eh j Qq` bCGh fZCG e ke JCG ,dG
jh .LGdG jdG f dG ZCG UGJ
``MCG ,```dG .```a `` ``eG```dGh ,SG dG DG H JG HdG d FdG HdG dG
,```dG ;CG eh ``V``G ````fCG ``dG dG L G cj .GdG CGh G hG G hj dG
?``M ``dG ``e i``Jo :A````JCGh TdG M bY ``c``JCG e Y ZCG cDd ,MaG G Se dG
,A```T CG ````j `` dG ,``Y````G ``` fCG ,`` G ``V````j ```c QdG h ,CGh AH SGh ,OGh ,dG
...kGHCG HLEG YCG d ?d ``SG``LCG f i``NCG I``eh .k`e``b G ``Y ```dG dH
.S ``ch T ``ch ``j ``c ```aCG c M OhCG ,```dG
jf ZCG d eG e dG jFG FdG
IjdG ae ``j``J ,I`` G ``g ``cCG ``bG``a CG ```dh dG ``eQ L A```HCG ``H M UCG G```dh .``jh```SC`e
fehH MCG H ,L Y cJ ``dG ``KC``H
.G QH G TdGh FdG G fehdG
.M e G c Y e ``c `` ``` dG Q``` d``c ``M ;``e``eh ````e ``M `` `fq EG
M ie j c Qf ,CGh GdG e eY 38 H
,G j ,```G H ,e M M M .dM
ffEGh dG MdG Y M ``c``J ``dG G```dG
.bG ZQh kjHCG kbT Dh
G``dG EG O`` YCG ```dG .````dG i``e kG``Z```T S `` dGh
zdG FQb{ ZCG `a QdG
ao ``` dG .CGh ``G ````dG ``WQ``N ``` SQC
S M ` `a...G``` dG Mh dG ``H p `bG```d aCG ``e I``MGh fCH dG FQb ZCG J
....````dGh dG
o ``fCG `````Sh....``HCG ``h ```e ````Jh ``` b QG`` f Q``` ` TCG ``e `` gh ,````M ``` YCG
.G fCGh IG fCGh .`````f``eh``dGh ``b``d``H J ```b QG`` f I`````b .``L``G
e M ZCG QhJ ,IjdG G Fb e gch
G fehdG M :hG IQdG
Jh VdG j IdG g Cq G EG ,G TdG
CG MQ :M :fdG IQdG
L CG ``` H ``` jh``J ``` dG ``g ``aG``` dG C ``g``Z ``Y
G TGa Y M :ddG IQdG
CG Qb CG J .M a eCJ H Gh
Je Qb .fM e kfM J fCGh G j
GHhCG QGH IQGOEG Qe) * QH
aj jW Z Th hj H J ICG``eG
(e fdG e j eh OUe b Ff M .fdG c
*FdG Uf QcdG
b j OYe GdH je OYe{
b j OYe GH kFGOh OYe
bj ...b j j JH h GH h
a je Te Yh
zH QGG LJ ,Ie c
gZ dG (IM c) OYe ZCG J
Y G hDG QdGh CG MQ 1971 G Y
kjCG JS jh .TdGh dGh fEG M
jdG CJ eY dG FQb b QGf YdG
Mh ,G`` `MCG Hh ,Y ````G ``G Q```H ```H
e dH GO```U``e k``FGO ``c M Q```a .G``` dG
jG dGh dG SQGh dG dG a ,jGdG
G``L``dG Q`````e ,`` MGh ``W ``e ```H ````G ```T```dGh
JdG JM V e ZdHh .``NO N OQ```jh
ge SMEGh c b c ,dG JfeEGh
,L e jG b SCGh dCG dG dG
IeG HdG HdG ZCG Sc H i dGh
.CGh Gh fehdGh HhdH ke kGja kfd Nh
J) ddG MQ icP Y keY 38 cf dG
ZCG kG``Z```T fe G``j ``dG (1977 ``SQ``e 30
G ZHh jdG ZH ``HCG M jM OO``j HdG
g M a .JH Y ``dG Q````YEGh ``W``G
kjCG dh ,GdGh dG IS je JhM
.ffEG SMCGh GHEGh eCG J b
HdG YdG Je fehdGh G c d
IQGdG J ```fEG ;G``` dG Mh H kKh k`W```JQG
dGh ,QdG SG Y f dG e e dG G
dG QdG fq EG .HCG GdGh CGh GdG Y VJ
jcP Ya ,fEG NGO IG SMCG J j
G `` fEG ;``b f hCG f ``d ``` fCG X ``Y````e
AdG MQ fEG .CGh Gh G jcP j dG
HZh Mh Gh eeCG G jdG RLGh dGh
.kCGh
,ZCG Y ddG KCJ Y eT IQU dh
keh ,kYe kWh kje ``c M C` H ```dG f
Fb L `` ,UdG Y L IQ```d kG``jD` eh ,k
Mh G e IdG HdG fehdG ZCG
eb fe M cG .1977 ``Y G ``J``ah
hCG ,IjG e U UCGh ,UdG Y FdG eM
fq CG cf CG a ,fEG M Y J GPEG .IQdG e
IY bH Jh ,VGh AGd ``Jh ,dG b
j a ,dG M ``eCG .```jCG jYQ QhO LG
j gS H ,jNBd X Qj h dUCG ke
HQ e IUe jb kG```c fSh ,e A```H
.VGh G
dG Ija SQ kG``FGQ j CG M d
q G ,HdG
UCGh ,fehdG ZCG SQe J aC
fehdG ,dG ,dG ,gdG d kGeQ f g
``eBG ``e ``Z``d``H `````f``eh``dGh d ```Z ``dG ,`` G
Y ibCG JU j .LdG Z JbYh UG
H dG SMEH SG d ,dG dP MdG
.SCG IQeh Ib e dEG aG Y jdG dG
gh Qfh CG :M MQ
fEG .WdG M ``ZCG SSCG K Q```dG
ZCG .``F```f``dG G``` dGh CGh ``` dG ``` dG Y
J AKCG ,GdGh QdH G M q j ,OYe
:IjG bdH
`` `J `` ` ` ` ` ` fCGh `` ` ` ` ` fCG `` ` ` ` ` ` LGQ .. `` ` ` ` J `` ` ` ` J `` ` ` ` ` Jh
`` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` J `` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` e G`` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` dGh Q`` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `d
`` ` `J I`` ` `` ` ` ` ` ` d `` ` ` ` ` ` ` ` `LGQ .. `` ` ` ` ` `J `` ` ` ` ` `J `` ` ` ` ` ` ` Jh
`feCG GQh H g
QdH ``G ``HQ M ```UG``j ,Qf M ````ZCG h
g QGJh ;Y OHG h HH AdG j dG
h Y gPGSG Y dO dG dG IdG
kjCG dh ,G YG jh WGdG bj d
:bh J dG IdG eQ
Q`f H .. Q`f M
Qf e cCGh .. Qf Hb
Qf M j Qf
NCG h WCG jY e Qf M
`H MCG e JJ bO
``N Qf .. U Qf .. M j Qf
dd YCGh fdG MCG
aGdG eCJ ,dG FQb ```eGQ``dG ZCG h
18
dG n Mn - QUo
HG dh
edG Uf
dG e
edG Y
MdG
s s
QGhs R ``c``e ````eo dG S ``H Qr ` `Hn ````n Vhr CGh
SCGQ s s CG ,G SCGH MdG s G
s h ,1996 ```dG SCs J ```G
``SCGQ V
W G ``SCGQ h dG G
MdG Y aCG IQH aG H ;I``MGh
Y G ``VQCG h ,dG Hh jdG
k ` e``` ` c 120 `` W
45 ``` H ``M``` S ``` Yh ,``k ` H``e G
k ec
.bEG G NGO MGh ech ,k He G
Lj jOd jKCG ib G SCGQ e Jh
dG HG EG aVEG ,dG e EG jQJ
n jdG js G rXCG c ,G J IG
`` ``c``e :````e ;dG `````dG Q`` KBG ``e
Y QdG fL EG ,dG b e G G
.G dG NG
d ``j``b t```J ```G `` SCGQ s C` `H `````dG ``` VCGh
Y ``ah``` e `````e ``` G `` SCGQ ``M``` Sh ,``` ` SCG
Vs G AGG MdG a J dG ie
``gCG ``e `` gh ``SG``j``e ``f`````T `` f ``e ``VG``` f``d
``MG```S `` W ```Y ``M````dG J ``bG``e `` `cCGh
``dG ```M``dG ````Ss `dG ``b``G G`` gh ,``` ` dG ````G
dG W
GdG TGQ
jh o dG G oY edG Uf cs CGh
IQ``fEGh NGO QG```T EG LH eGL Q``N s EG :QU
g Y fdG e G j S Jh
.jKCG dGh dG Y Gh QeCG
G SCGQ - S OGh
```dG I`` FGO ``j``eo ````dG ``s ```eo ``H ``` eo `` `cs CGh
G SCGQ S OGh n jW s CG ,bdG L a
e ````SGh jT S ```dG ``j```G ```dG ``e
OGhh S OGh e GkAH ;jOdG Lh jOhCG S
Gh Gh jhdG ``jOhC` H GQk h`` e ,IQ``e ``H
``Gh aHh dG OGh EG ```Uh ,``dG h``bh
H ``` L ``j``d ```H```dG ``````Gh ``` dG OGhh
,Q```U ``j``d ```H```dG ``G `` SCGQ EG ``` Uh ,```Y ``H
dG IQGRh Jh ,G``e c 47 jdG W jh
N e H jOhCGh idG Hr Qn EG JGh
edG ``eGhC`d Gk J ``JC`j ``dG ,```G hG
S ``H ``S``H``b ``````dG ``d``G ``M```U I````
I`u ``dG Yd ```L``Jh -`` YQh G M- G
gCG hdh ,c jCG dG WGH J
t dG
H UGdG QLo u e N e jObGh YLG
e MdG cG Jh L e G OG``aCG
YH H L jh jOhCG Oo J M ;iNCG L
Y hOO``j QGh``dG L HGL W UH
.Ie H JQjR
jdG n h````e s EG :``H``G T ``H ```dh ``bh
goj YH H ```Lh ``G ``SCGQ ``H ``HGs ` dG
EG XG ```Uhh ,dG uojh ObG J
SCG ``H ```dG J QhO ``Y a ,dYCG
.FdG UGdGh
Y oj s dG s EG :edG S H MCG bh
jdG jh ,dG cG IQjd G ``SCGQ Hf
GdG N
edG M
H eN
SCGQ HH e u eo Ma Y s o bh
,gCG ch G H s J HdG sEG -G
eG :gCGh ;eG e OY EG o J sd
hCG d `` dBG hCG ````e ```H ``L``j PEG ;``````dG
HdG H aG Ho e ZdG Y ,GeCG GjEG
.jdG ceh
Y bGeo G``e``c f G```dG TGQ ``bGh
u
,VGfH IOse MS OLd ;MdG G
QU Y XM MdG r ` Wo Y ``n ` p``S Jh
.HdG hCG GQdG Y e MdG
G SCGQ
jdG euH s a ,```G ``SCGQ e ``eCG
MSh d ujG gdG Gh G AGLCGh
``e``G ``e ```c EG `````J ``` ` jCG `````d ,I``` ` dG
.``H````dG EG QGhs `` `dG ``e m``j``e ``````S ``jQh````dG
``SCGQ e c H UQ AfEH ``gCG dojh
.eGL QNh G QNh G
Y o J eGL QN s EG edG S H n Mn bh
e 100 e ``cCG Hh ,``c 14 GH HdG ce
H WGG OG``eEG j PEG ;G s T gCG oj
e c f jh ,ILCG bdG jW Y
Y dG H ,jCG S QGe Y a dL 400
IOuG ``````SGh ```e ``c I``` SCG OG`` aCG O``Y
T n UJ dhDG ``gCG Toj dd ;d
;d Gh WGG L Gf ;eM e
e Y J G T jRd f bCG s CH Y
.a c 9 eGL QN
dG gCJ IOYEG
`` `gCG sEG :````` dG Q`` ` `eo `` H Q`` `W `` `bh
IG dG gCJ IOYEG dhDG nG hTj
j ```c ,`` G `` SCGQ ``H```f EG ```j``G Q```U ``e
cCG d SJ EG G SCGQ EG uODG jdG
jdG fL Y cCG OLh e Hh ,HfG
sC`H ```VCGh .jQGVG ``bG``eh Y UG
MdG ``` ` gG ``e G``j``e J Q```U `` jh
HL ``cCG -MdG We UNH s J IOSGh ,LCGh G Fd
dG FGLCGh IjG T Ieo bGe e
dG eH YO N e ``dPh ;dG G``W
dG ``Y```G :````eh ;``FG``dGh FdG Lj
jdG WCG Y QGhs `` dG s d ;dGh
```G GQhO ````h ``a``J ``f``L EG ,d
``` dCG ``a``J ``d``ch ,`` ` jv QhO fH ``j```` dGh
GP jdG ddGh OdG Jh ,WCd
.SG iG
`````G sEG :`` ` `G ````L ``H ``s ` o `` `bh
Y UN ,QGSH GeCG GN Vs e
eQ ```f``c ;````dG ````gh ```UG```dG ``` og
EG J M dG e dEG Jh ,eo
,Gh GeCG QdG IFGO sd ;RG
aVEG ,h ``H``dG H QdG `` EGh
EG Ou D` `G FdG jdG fG EG
s Gh OdG e EG Uh ,G
.MdG
SCGQ Hf sfCG EG edG S H n Mn QTCGh
EG eG dG e d hCG ;SQe G
d OQG``G SQe fdGh ,Y dG dG
dG dG EG FGHG hCG dG e SSCG
SQe aVEH G SCGQ Hf gCG djo h ,Y
``HG``dG EG hCG ``e d `````s``Jo ```e```M
```SQ``e ```H```dG ``a````dG d ;``FG``` HG
CG G e d sfCG c ,SSCG d OQG``G
e FGHG hCG dG dW hCG dW SQj
dj Gd ;G f Y dG dG W
19
VjQ
!SdG H e
adG Y H M
IhG j gQLh jdG Y dG SEG SdG b q`Y
f Y QS fCG dG dG OoG G Hh .i``NCG Ik Q``J IQG``Gh ,IQ``J
GA````dGh ,``H```Gh ,Q``` NCG ``e ``F``g c a ,k`jO````YG ddG GA````dG
q dG dG
SCG Qh``e H Mh .. J CG b bG UJ OCG Z
d G VQCG Lhh , mc H FdG M .bfG Y ec
bJh ``G gC kG```f ;YLG UGdG FSh ``Y hG```G gH
dG Y RGj M fq EG f eY IGQG H jGfo h .bh Mh
NCG AdG Gg CG cDG T eh .HhQhCG HCG QhO Ff hCG ,dG SCc Ff
eCG Mh .OdG jdG bdG G GQdG H ``LhCG jf Hh
H Yf fh i``c VfG M b fTH C`H j e e ke ``LCG
MS IjL jW HSCh d LhCG a ,OGSS jQ e WS
deh k`b``WEG e Z hJ ``jOQG``L ``MCG jH fQG dh ..kYJ
MG jdG CG KCG a jQe ``jQ G jdG ``eCG .AG``WEG Ye
SEG Qh``dG IQGd Od ;kG``L o Y Hc JOY ``eCGh ,IN
.zHhQhCG HCG QhO{ d eYR dG dH kGH gdGh
IL IGQe bh ,Seh H GR G jdG CG g AdG RHCG e cCG
kjb ``ch aG HM ``HQCGh IH CG``H jdG .hCG WT kUN kG``L
bGQ J a Md Le Th ,Se e ``cCG dG aG e
b dG dG dG ZQ SQMh fTH YaO Y V IGQG L
zhdfhQ{ qoj CG b ,zKe{ jG fdG aGdG gRMCG HK Ic e cT
a ,zjOQe{ JGhdG IOY b XCG AdG .ReG LQH e T dG
foj e CG KCG JOYh adGh dG H HQ Sh ch SdG jEG V
kUN Se IOY gh ,QH hj b VG HSCG N G jdG
j b zjQOhQ{ G eddG IOY eh ,JCG V HCG QhO AH
fc IMdG dG a .Dhd Yj eCG gh jd Ije IQU G
X bh ,d aoe bQh j CG j a ,zH jQL{ jdG QM
GcCJ e ZdG Y Y KDJ MQ FT CGHh V eYEG G QKBG
keYEG UGG GOfGh ,jW Gd S OLhh MCG N fq CH FdG
.!dG Gg G dG e LhN eCH CJ dGh zSSc{ M
Y cdG k ```LEG .Se ``NBGh ,iG S WT ```XCG fTH Qh``H
Y ````dG ````H ``Y``G GP ``g ````d ``j```dG .````gCG `` cCG h```j R``` dGh ````dG
d He H fG fTH .S d FbEGh dd ``JQG```U
d LGdG .SGe KK e jdG Qoj c eY jQe eSG dG
Y k``Y``aO G ``cQ````eh ,``K```dG `````H dGh ``a``dG JSGh
eeCG YdGh . Gjh bCH G e OGJQGh ,IdG Ga
eY dGR h GG Sh VGe X jdG .jQGSh Qfh e gOj
GdG CG ``g e f g kjCG .fEG ``KC`J ``LG``J ``M IQ```eo SG
dN c SQGh ,VG GdG H jd J Qe UCG HdG
SL j CG j e .RdG FQ GY ch JSH cT Y OGPh AdG
KdH hj j b dG zdG dG{ g SdG fTd QGfEG
SG GAdGh ``fGhC HS Vda zHCG QhOh SCch QhO{ jQdG
a SdG keY .bY GAd gh f edG QN S QhdG
SdGh ,k``HhQhCGh .. k Ic aJ IH jQe ``jQh fTH if C
.!Q .. H dG Gg H J bh jdG Ib Y VGh IQTEG c
mohdaloliyan@yahoo.com
QhO HQ Y M dG Id dG OG f dG dG h
SG Td Gh GdG NBG Y bd ad fY
hCG e q`bh ,2016/2015 ad fY QhO e ddG
KEG 2016 SBG Fd gDG dG JjQe LCG e I``MGh
.f GgCG HQCH dG G Y J
jOdG edG G OfG dG U fGL eg a Th
J fCT e e IL FH N dG dG Id dG Od
.fdG IdG dG dGh jhdG eG VhCG
Y ````W````dG ``` dG I```d ```W``dG e R```H ``` G ````e `` ch
Ie hC SBG SCc H jJh FdG IGQG HdG G
dG WdG Id dG jfe LGdG dN e V jQJ
.G fj T JdG J
dG e dG QhdG Yb j hCG WdG e CG cj
jHCG 14 j d OM dG 2019 SBG SCch 2018 dG SCd cG
Y I``G g OYG Sh ,jdG UdH d GYe G
S ```b I```T```e QS ``dG ```dG I```d h`` dG O`` G J
.YdG
jDhdG - e
dG O``G FQ SdG OM H M H dN dG b
fG IOdH AahCG Y AHCG b HG IZ ``fEG dG Id
M G S ``H SHb dG ``d``G MU IM ``f``
CG EG A```ahCG Dh```HCG ``HC`j dG fh adG H e ``YQh G
Id WdG e RG``ME`H ``NBG kWh GR``EG edG e Gej
EG fdG Id gCJh hG Id SBG SCc dd WdG dG
.G dG JdG S dG dG SCc Ff
R``EG G``g ```J fdG ```dG I``c I```SCG CG SdG ``` VCGh
GA```Y EG M ,G ```HCG i```G dG ``d``L ``f``e ``` dG
H FGdG egG Yh IjdG JLJ ch dG dL
Lh dG R``EG Gd hCG G Sh fc VjQh Y
.jdG Wd VjdGh jhdG GREG
SBG ``SC``H ```G WdG ```dG I```d ```W``dG e H ``f``c
EG O``Y ``b ,```J``d``H ```dG ``SC`c EG ``j````SBG IQ```dG ``Y ``gC``Gh
SdG M H dN dG G ee ch ,eCG dG
Y je FdG S H Nh dG Id dG O``G FQ
AYCG ``e O``Y QH ,VjdG hD```dG IQGR`` H VjdG fCG
H I``` dG O`` G ````FQ `````dG ``````SGh .``` dG I```d ````dG O`` G
b R``EG i j H gjEG Gk`YGh ,OhQdH WdG e
.MhdH WdG G ddG cQd IQOG
dG.. dG G `a OGhH j Y Of
dN e j eOb dM bfG jGH dMG g Jh
Sh ..h OdG AHCG e jG ``Lh dG EG OdG
jfCG Y) Y Of jh .OdG OGhQ e Gc GOY dG
HQCG e dCGh VjdG e jdG SQ bS (fdG
Om ``f hCG ``g jOf C` H Y O``f gL Jh ..```V``G ```dG
fh ,1993 Y dG Id jSBG jfCG dH Qj dG
M dG dG jfCG H e MdG OdG gh a UdG d
.WdG G U EG dG e jdG sb c .. REG Gg
jDhdG - e
e jYQ dG M KEG dG Ae Y Of j
e ``k `eG``J ``dPh ,````NG``dG ``jRh SdG a ``H O```M dG
dG dG MU I fG IOdH dG MG
. - YQh G M - G S H SHb
dG jQGOEGh VjdG dG e OY J G jh
,dG EG JCf e fCT ```aQh O```dG Ie Ya QhO d ``c