Act: -

Something done; usually, something done intentionally or voluntarily or with a

purpose. The term encompasses not only physical acts such as turning on the water or
purchasing a gun but also refers to more intangible acts such as adopting a decree, edict,
law, judgment, award, or determination. An act may be a private act, done by an individual
managing his or her personal affairs, or it may be public act, done by an official, a council,
or a court. When a bill is favorably acted upon in the process of legislation, it becomes an
act. A bill which has passed through the various legislative steps required for it and which
has become law.

Omission: - Omission is a failure to carry out or perform an act. Omission is a neglect of

duty. Law imposes a duty on every person to take adequate action to prevent a foreseeable
injury. In Criminal law, omissions may give rise to lawsuits and will constitute a guilty act if a
person breaches his duty. If a person fails to act knowingly that his/her failure would cause a
harm or injury to other person(s), then such a failure constitutes an omission. Act of leaving
out a word or other language from a contract or any other document is also an omission;
however, the document may be reformed if the parties agree that omission was a mutual
mistake.
Dishonestly: - Dishonesty is to act without honesty. It is used to describe a lack of probity,
cheating, lying or being deliberately deceptive or a lack in integrity, knavishness,
perfidiosity, corruption or treacherousness. Dishonesty is the fundamental component of a
majority of offences relating to the acquisition, conversion and disposal of property
(tangible or intangible) defined in criminal law such as fraud.
Attempt: - Blacks Law Dictionary In criminal law. An effort or endeavor to accomplish
a crime, amounting to more than mere preparation or planning for it, and which, if not
prevented, would have resulted in the full consummation of the act attempted, but which,
in fact, does not bring to pass the partys ultimate design.
Attempt in criminal law is an offense that occurs when a person comes dangerously close to
carrying out a criminal act, and intends to commit the act, but does not in fact commit it.
The person may have carried out all the necessary steps (or thought they had) but still
failed, or the attempt may have been abandoned or prevented at a late stage. The attempt
must have gone beyond mere planning or preparation, and is distinct from other inchoate
offenses such as conspiracy to commit a crime or solicitation of a crime. There are many
specific crimes of attempt, such as attempted murder, which may vary by jurisdiction.
Punishment is often less severe than would be the case if the attempted crime had been
carried out. Abandonment of the attempt may constitute a not guilty defence, depending
partly

on

the

extent

to

which

the

attempt

was

abandoned

freely

and

voluntarily. An undertaking to do an act that entails more than mere preparation but does n
ot result in thesuccessful completion of the act.

In Criminal,Law, an attempt to commit a crime is an offense when an accused makes a

substantial but
unsuccessful effort to commit a crime. The elements of attempt vary, although
generally, there must be an

intent to commit the crime, an Overt

Act beyond mere preparation, and an apparent ability to complete the crime.
Generally, attempts are punishable by imprisonment, with sentence lengths that vary in tim
e, depending upon the severity of the offense attempted.

Good Faith
Honesty; a sincere intention to deal fairly with others.
Good faith is an abstract and comprehensive term that encompasses a sincer
e belief

or motive

without any malice or the desire to defraud others. It derives from the transla
tion of the Latin term bona fide. Good faith in legal terminology refers to the
use of honesty and best efforts in dealings with others. For example, an
insurance policy is considered a contract between you (the Insured) and your
insurance carrier (the Insurer). This contract requires that your Insurer acts in
"good faith" toward you. When an Insurer unreasonably withholds the
benefits of the policy from its Insured, it is considered to be in "bad faith."

Movable Property is property that can be moved from one place to another.
The term movables is also sometimes used. It includes personal items such as
clothing and jewelry, household goods such as furniture and appliances, and other
items including animals and vehicles. It also encompasses ownership of intangible
goods that are not fixed to a location, including services, intellectual property, and
negotiable instruments such as banknotes and bills of exchange. Movable property
is distinguished from immovable property, which encompasses ownership of land,
buildings, and other private property bound to its location. Movable property, in
quick and simple terms, refers to assets that can be moved without damage or
permanent alteration to the asset or other related assets and can be used after
removal. Examples include auto-mobiles, clothes, appliances, machinery, furniture,
liquid assets (shares, bonds, deposits and anything else that can be easily
converted into cash) and so on.

'Reason to believe' means "an incident or statement having sufficient

circumstantial evidence or support to substantiate the truth." A person is said

to have "reason to believe" a thing, if he has sufficient cause to believe

that thing. This is the highest standard used as the burden of proof in AngloAmerican jurisprudence and typically only applies in criminal proceedings. It
has been described, in negative terms, as a proof having been met if there is
no plausible reason to believe otherwise. If there is a real doubt, based upon
reason and common sense after careful and impartial consideration of all the
evidence, or lack of evidence, in a case, then the level of proof has not been
met.
Harbour:- To receive clandestinely and without lawful authority a person for
thepurpose of so concealing him that another having a right to the lawful
custody of suchperson shall be deprived of the same. (Black's Law Dictionary)
"Harbour" U/s 52-A: Except in Section 157, and in Section 130 in the case
in which the harbour is given by the wife or husband of a person harboured,
the word "harbour" includes the supplying a person with shelter, food, drink,
money, clothes, arms; ammunition or means of conveyance, or assisting a
person by any means, whether of the same kind as, those enumerated in
this section or not, to evade apprehension.
Section 212 of Pakistan Penal Code-PPC | Harbouring offender:
Whenever an offence has been committed, whoever harbours or conceals a
person whom he knows or has reason to believe to be the offender, with the
intention of screening him from legal punishment, if a capital offence:shall, if
the offence is punishable with death, be punished with imprisonment of either
description for a term which may extend to five years, and shall also be liable
to fine, if punishable with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment:and if
the offence is punishable with imprisonment for life or with imprisonment
which may extend to ten years, shall be punished with imprisonment of either
description for a term which may extend to three years, and shall also be
liable to fine, and if the offence is punishable with imprisonment which may
extend to one year, and not to ten years, shall be punished with
imprisonment of the description provided for the offence for a term which

may extend to one-fourth part of the longest term of imprisonment provided

for the offence, or with fine, or with both.
"Offence" in this section includes, any act committed at any place out of
Pakistan, which, if committed in Pakistan, would be punishable under any of
the following sections, namely 302, 304, 382, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396, 397,
398, 399. 402, 435, 436, 449, 450, 457, 458, 459, and 460 and every such
act shall, for the purposes of this section, be deemed to be punishable as if
the accused person had been guilty of it in Pakistan.
Exception: This provision shall not extend to any case in which the harbour or
concealment is by the husband or wife of the offender.
Illustration
A knowing that B has committed dacoity, knowingly conceals S in order to
screen him legal punishment. Here, as S is liable to imprisonment for life, A is
liable to imprisonment of either description for a term not exceeding three
years, and is liable to fine.