Age

Physical Development
(Motor & Adap9ve)

Social & Language

Development

Cogni9ve
Development

Other Development

Leading Causes of
Death and Injury 2010

0 18
Months

Reexes present at birth:

-Moro, Roo0ng, Stepping, Grasping,
Crawling, Babinski
Sensory capaci9es:
-Hearing: not as acute; prefer the human
voice
-Vision: blurred images; 7-8 mos. Same as
adult; 2 days prefer mothers face; 3 mos.
prefer faces and paNerned gures
-Smell and taste well developed
Motor:
-Under 4 wks: makes alterna0ng crawling
movements; moves head laterally when
placed in prone posi0on
-4 wks: tonic neck reex predominate;
hands sted; head sags but can hold head
erect for a few seconds
-16 wks: symmetrical postures
predominate; head liUed 90 degrees
when prone on forearm; rolls over
-28 wks: sits steadily; leaning forward on
hands; bounces ac0vely when placed in
standing posi0on
-40 wks: sits alone w/good coordina0on;
creeps; pulls self to standing posi0on
-52 weeks: walks w/ one hand held;
stands alone briey
-15 mos: toddles; creeps up stairs
-18 mos: walks, seldom falls; hurls ball;
walks up stairs w/one hand held
Adap9ve:
-Under 4 wks: responds to sound of a
raNle & bell
-4 wks: follows moving objects to the
midline
-16 wks: follows slowly moving object
well; arms ac0vate on sight of dangling
objects
-28 wks: one-hand approach & grasp of
toy; bangs & shakes raNle; transfers toys
-40 wks: matches two objects at midline
-18 mos: builds a tower of three or four
cubes; scribbles spontaneously &imitates
a wri0ng stroke

Eriksons Stage:
-Basic Trust v Mistrust
Hope, Bonding, ANachment

-Under 4 wks: small throaty
undieren0ated moans
-4 wks: beginning vocaliza0on,
such as cooing, gurgling and
grun0ng, responds to speech
-6-8 wks: social smile
-16- wks: laughs aloud;
sustained cooing and gurgling
-28 wks: vocalizes m-m-m
when crying; makes vowel
sounds such as ah
-40 wks: says da-da or
equivalent; responds to name
or nickname
-52 wks: uses expressive
jargon; gives a toy on request
-15 mos: says three to ve
words meaningfully (besides
Dada & Mama); pats pictures
in book; shows shoes on
request
-18 mos: says 10 words
including name; iden0es one
common object on picture
card; names ball and carries
out two direc0ons (for
example: put on table and
give to mother

Birth 2 years
Olfactory & Auditory
recogni0on develops
Emergence of classical &
operant condi0oning
Establishment of object
permanence
Infer cause-eect

Infancy:
Piagets Sensorimotor
Stage:
-schemas are adapted
through assimila0on &
accommoda0on

Year One:
Piagets Sensorimotor
Stage:
-object permanence
-use all senses to learn & can
categorize

-Under 4 wks: quiets when

picked up
-16 wks: aware of strange
situa0ons
-28 wks: takes feet to
mouth; pats mirror image
-40 wks: responds to social
play such as pat-a-cake &
peek-a-boo; can feed self
cracker & hold own boNle
-52 wks: cooperates in
dressing
-15 mos: point or vocalizes
wants; throws objects in
play or refusal
-18 mos: feeds self in part,
spits; pulls toy on string;
carries or hugs a special toy,
such as doll
-6-10 mos: stranger anxiety
10-18 mos: separa0on
anxiety

Leading causes of death:

1)Congenital anomalies
2)Short gesta0on
3)SIDS

Nonfatal injuries treated
in hospital ERs:
1)Uninten0onal fall
2)Uninten0onal struck by/
against
3)Uninten0onal other bite/
s0ng

Injured-Related deaths:
1)Uninten0onal
suoca0on
2)Homicide unspecied
3)Homicide, classiable

Age

Physical Development
(Motor & Adap9ve)

Social & Language

Development

Cogni9ve Development

Other Development

Leading Causes of
Death and Injury 2010

Year 2

-Bowel and bladder control by 15-24

months
-Uses 3 word sentences
-Scribbles by age 2
-Toilet trained by age 3
Motor
-Runs well, no falling; kicks large ball;
goes up & down stairs alone
Adap9ve
-Builds tower of six or seven cubes; aligns
cubes, imita0ng train.

1 - 3 years
Eriksons Stage:
Autonomy v. Shame & Doubt
Willpower &self-control
-Onset of terrible twos
-Anxious/avoidant aNachment
-Anxious /resistant
aNachment
-Uses three word sentences;
carries out four simple
direc0ons

Piagets Sensorimotor
Stage:
-Representa0onal thought
can imagine
-Symbolic play
-Name objects, iden0fy
animals, use words that
stand for people, events, by
age 2

-Pulls on simple garment

-Refers to self by name
-Gender iden0ty
developed

Leading Cause of Death:

(ages 1-4)
1)Uninten0onal injury
2)Congenital anomalies
3)Homicide

Nonfatal injuries treated
in hospital ERs:
1)Uninten0onal fall
2)Uninten0onal struck by/
against
3) Uninten0onal other
bite/s0ng

Injury-Related deaths:
1)Uninten0onal drowning
2)Uninten0onal MV trac
3)Homicide, unspecied

Year 2-
5 / 6

-Poorly coordinated gross & ne motor

skills
-Follows direc0ons
-Runs, pedals trike, separates from
mother
Motor
-3 years: rides tricycle; jumps from
boNom steps; alternates feet going up
stairs
-4 years: walks down stairs one step per
tread; stands on one foot for 5 to X
seconds
-5 years: skips, using feet alternately;
usually has complete sphincter control
Adap9ve
-3 years: builds tower of 9 or 10 cubes;
copies a circle & a cross
-4 years: copies a cross; repeats four
digits
-5 years: copies a square; draws a
recognizable man w/a head, body, limbs;
counts 10 objects accurately

3-5 years
Eriksons Stage:
Ini0a0ve v. shame & guilt
Purpose (mastery prosocial
behaviors through modeling)
-Iden0ca0on w/same sex
parent
-Development of empathy
-Vocabulary increases from
250-1000 words
-Knows rst name, can
iden0fy colors, animals
-3 years: gives sex & full
name; describes what is
happening in a picture book
-4 years: names colors, at
least one correctly
-5 years: names the primary
colors; names coins: pennies,
nickels, dimes; ask meanings
of words

2-6 years
Reasoning (transduc0ve)
and symbolic play develop
Explosive language
development
Egocentric, magical and
animis0c thinking
Piagets Preopera9onal
Stage:
-Imitates & engages in
pretend play; can focus on
one dimension of a problem;
egocentric thought;
precausal thought

-3 years: puts on shoes;

unbuNons buNons; feeds
self well
-4 years: washes and dries
own face; brushes teeth;
plays coopera0vely with
other children
-5 years: dresses and
undresses self; prints a few
leNers; plays compe00ve
exercise games

Leading Cause of Death:

(ages 5-9)
1)Uninten0onal injury
2)Malignant neoplasms
3)Congenital anomalies

Nonfatal injuries treated
in hospital ERs:
1)Uninten0onal fall
2)Uninten0onal struck by/
against
3)Uninten0onal cut/pierce

Injury-Related deaths:
1)Uninten0onal MV Trac
2)Uninten0onal drowning
3)Uninten0onal re/burn

Age

Physical Development
(Motor & Adap9ve)

Social & Language

Development

Cogni9ve Development

Leading Causes of Death and

Injury 2010

School
Age
Child

-Double in weight & jump in height

-Lose baby teeth
-Brain lateralized
-Fine & gross motor skills become
coordinated
-Draws 6 part man
-Games w/ rules, interest in peer
group

Eriksons Stage:
Industry vs. Inferiority
Competence (5-12 years)
-Real friendships develop

Piagets Concrete Opera9ons Stage:

(6-11 years)
-Acquire concept of conserva0on
-Emergence of ability to appreciate
perspec0ves of others
-Understand cause eect
-Apply reasoning
-Cannot manipulate ideas in the
absence of objects
-Comprehends size, quan0ty & number
-Separa0ng, ordering, combining &
reversibility
-Lose egocentric perspec0ve

Leading causes of death:

(ages 10-14)
1)Uninten0onal injury
2)Malignant neoplasms
3)Suicide

Nonfatal injuries treated in hospital
ERs:
1)Uninten0onal fall
2)Uninten0onal struck by/against
3)Uninten0onal overexer0on

Injury-Related deaths:
1)Uninten0onal MV Trac
2)Suicide, suoca0on
3)Uninten0onal drowning

Adolescence

-Puberty & Secondary Sexual

characteris0cs
-Onset earlier in girls than boys
-Onset of orgasms in boys 2 years
before girls
-Peer loyal0es over family
-Interest in poli0cs, philosophy &
social issues, as well as celebri0es &
heroes

Eriksons Stage:
Iden0ty vs. Iden0ty Confusion
Fidelity and Devo0on
(12-20 years)
-ShiU from family to peer groups
-In0macy, mutual understanding &
loyalty to the group
-Social Referencing
-Sexually & socially based fantasies

Piagets Formal Opera9ons Stage:

(11 years to adult)
-Elabora0on of informa0on processing
skills
-Metacogni0ve capacity
-Abstract thought
-Consider the future
-Think about thinking
-Think morally and ethically
-Systema0c problem solving

Leading causes of death:

(ages 15-24)
1)Uninten0onal injury
2)Homicide
3)Suicide

Nonfatal injuries treated in hospital
ERs:
1)Uninten0onal struck by/against,
2)Uninten0onal fall
3)Uninten0onal overexer0on

Injury-Related deaths:
1)Uninten0onal MV Trac
2)Homicide rearm
3)Uninten0onal poisoning

Age

Physical Development
(Motor & Adap9ve)

Social & Language Development

Cogni9ve Development

Leading Causes of Death and Injury

2010

Young
Adulthood

Aging process evident

Eriksons Stage:
In0macy vs. Isola0on
Love and alia0on
(20-35 years)
-Establishment phase
-New parents phase
-Child rearing phase

-Fluid Intelligence
-Crystallized Intelligence

Leading causes of death:

(ages 25-34)
1)Uninten0onal injury
2)Suicide
3)Homicide

Nonfatal injuries treated in hospital ERs:
1)Uninten0onal fall
2)Uninten0onal overexer0on
3)Uninten0onal struck by/against

Injury-Related deaths:
1)Uninten0onal poisoning
2)Uninten0onal MV trac
3)Homicide, rearm

Middle
Years

The Climacteric:
Pre-menopausal: periods irregular;
less progesterone and more
estrogen exposure; generalized
swelling and irritability
Menopause: 12 mos. without
menses; physical signs and
symptoms; vaginal changes
Sex drive may increase aUer
menopause

Eriksons Stage:
Genera0vity vs. Stagna0on
Care and Produc0on
(35-65 years)
Post-Parental Phase:
empty nest syndrome
Time of reec0on

Leading causes of death:

(ages 35-44)
1)Uninten0onal injury
2)Malignant neoplasms
3)Heart disease
(ages 45-64)
1)Malignant neoplasms
2)Heart disease
3)Uninten0onal injury (ages 45-54)
3)Chronic low resp. disease (ages 55-64)

Nonfatal injuries treated in hospital ERs:
(ages 35-64)
1)Uninten0onal fall
2)Uninten0onal overexer0on (ages 35-54)
2)Uninten0onal struck by/against (ages 55-64)
3)Uninten0onal struck by/against (ages 35-54)
3)Uninten0onal overexer0on (ages 55-64)

Injury-Related deaths:
(ages 35-64)
1)Uninten0onal poisoning
2)Uninten0onal MV Trac
3)Suicide, rearm

Age

Physical Development
(Motor & Adap9ve)

Social & Language Development

Cogni9ve Development

Leading Causes of Death and Injury

2010

Older
Adulthood

-Loss of hair, teeth, weight, wrinkled

skin, loss of visual & auditory acuity
-Impaired sleep
-Women live longer than men

Eriksons Stage:
Integrity vs. Despair Wisdom and
Reconcilia0on
-Evalua0on of competence,
achievements & pleasures
-Pragma0sm & dependability lead to a
sense of well-being

-Slowing down associated with

losses
-Autonomous thought

Leading causes of death:

(ages 65+)
1)Heart Disease
2)Malignant neoplasms
3)Chronic Low Respiratory Disease

Nonfatal injuries treated in hospital ERs:
(ages 65+)
1)Uninten0onal fall
2)Uninten0onal struck by/against
3)Uninten0onal overexer0on

Injury-Related deaths:
(ages 65+)
1)Uninten0onal fall
2)Uninten0onal MV trac
3)Uninten0onal unspecied

Death and
Dying

Stages of Grief:
-Denial
-Anger-Bargaining
-Depression (preparatory depression)
-Acceptance
Views of Death:
-Child under 5 yrs: temporary separa0on
-Middle Childhood: nality & fear
-Adolescence: nality & despair