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Backup & Restore
Backup & Restore
Eleven kan redegre for backupstrategier, herunder overvejelser som datavrdistning, ndringshyppighed,
mediekapacitet og medisperformance, portability samt availability
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Eleven kan opstte automatisk, daglig backup p Windows systemer Windows 2003 eller nyerer
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Eleven kan genindlse backup fra backup medier og udfre system genoprettelse bde standard og disaster.
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Eleven kan schedulere programmer til at kre p forudbestemte tidspunkter vha. kommandoen AT.
Backup
To backup or not to back up, that is the question.
Backup is not free.
No backup is risky.
Factors
Determine which data is critical.
Determine frequency and types of backups
to be used.
Full
Differential
Incremental
Factors
Determine which data is static and which is
dynamic.
Some OS installations are changed
infrequently; few backups required
E-commerce may require continuous backups.
Understand the changing state of your clients
data to determine an appropriate backup sched.
Organize with partitions
Factors
Determine the appropriate media storage for
your backups:
CD
DVD
Tape
Disk
Solid State?
Factors
Partitioning of disk space is used to manage
backups
Linux/Unix :
tar (tape archive), cpio, dump
MS Windows :
MS Windows XP & 7 includes Backup &
Restore capability
Many commercial apps are available
Schedule
Determine the categories of data so you can
schedule the backups accordingly
Schedule
Partitions are often used to manage backups
Examples:
The OS has its own partition and may require
infrequent backups if changes are quarterly
User data may require nightly backups
Users must know what partitions have backup
and the frequency (SLA).
Schedule
Full Archival Backup
image backup implies copying the unused space.
Differential Backup
Copy files changed since the last full
backup.
Differential backups grow with time. They
can eventually grow larger than the last full
backup.
Scheduled less frequently than a full
backups: Weekly, monthly.
Incremental Backups
A backup of what has changed since the last
previous backup of any type.
Frequency of incremental backups depends
on the client needs.
Weekly, daily, hourly, continuously.
Incremental Backups
Pros
Keeps a revision history of actively changing
files
Fastest backup type
Uses the least amount of media to complete a
single backup
Cons
Much more difficult to manage
Schedule Example
Full backup twice per year
Differential each first Saturday morning of
each month that is not scheduled for a full
backup
Incremental each Saturday morning that is
not scheduled for a Full or Differential
Acceptance of accountability
A signed form indicating that the backup was
complete, verified and secured
Backup Inventory
Inventory the backup media
Tapes and other writable media use barcodes or
hand-written labels
Backup Inventory
The media label information:
Date
System identifier
Partition name(s)
Backup category: full, differential, incremental
Verify
The only time you know the quality of your
backup media is when you are doing a
restore.
This is the worse time to discover you have
problems.
Restore a small subset of random files from
the backup. Verify their integrity through
differences or checksums.
Verify: Firedrills
When new equipment arrives, test your
backup procedure on the new equipment to
verify it works correctly
Backup Automation
Automation reduces human errors.
Many pre-packaged apps include automatic
scheduling
Linux/Unix backup scripts can be submitted
using the cron utility. Logs can be kept in
/var/log, and e-mail can be sent to the admin.
Data Compression
Risks if the media is damaged, recovery
may be difficult or impossible.
Lossy
some data tolerates degradation (loss of
information)
No-loss
Some data should not be compressed. Know
your data!
Secure Backups
Contract to store your data in a secret
offsite location. (Secret implies a need to
know basis)
Backup Considerations
Backups slow down service. This should be
included in the SLA
Files should be write-locked during backup.
Restore
Common reasons for restores
Accidental file deletion
Disk failure
Disaster recovery
Fire, flood, earthquake, hacker attack, sabotage,
terrorist attack, etc.
Disk Failure
A disk failure causes two problems
Loss of data
Loss of service
Tape Backup
Large amounts of data historically favored
tape media for backup:
Tapes are portable and fairly durable.
Tapes
Tape historically has been the preferred
backup media for very large data storage
environments.
Tape has a useful life span.
Tape can be very robust for storage
Easy to transport
Some tape formats are more reliable than
others.
Tape Inventory
Backup tapes must be
Properly labeled
Properly stored
Tape Inventory
Inventory is not limited to the physical tape
itself.
The contents of tapes must be inventoried.
The number of accesses must be logged
because tapes ware out.
Tape equipment is not free. You dont want to
purchase any more hardware than is needed.
Tape
Rotate media
Incremental backup stored on site can be
reused.
Tape Standards
8mm
DLT
DAT (4mm)
QIC
http://www.pctechguide.com/15tape.htm
Imation.com
Tape Technology
Tape technology expands in leaps.
Tape hardware purchases are not made on a
constant basis (like disk storage).
Tape technology is purchased in leaps.
Three year intervals are more practical.
Firedrills
An occasional test of a full partition restore
is not unreasonable. This would be done if
A change is made in the backup software
release.
A change of vendor for the backup software
product.
When a new server with new unused disk
arrives.
Centralization
Without centralization, a tape drive is
needed for each server location.
Equipment can be interchanged more easily
when centralized.
Technology
Disk space cost drops by 1/2 about every
18-24 months.
Disk space is filled as it expands.
Disk requirements are increasing on a
continuous basis.
Disk budgets increase faster than tape
backup budgets.
Backup Procedure