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Tools and Technologies For Water Resources Planning and Climate Change Adaptation
Tools and Technologies For Water Resources Planning and Climate Change Adaptation
Objectives
To achieve basic understanding on steps in water
resources planning
To have better understanding on tool/technology
that can be used for water resource planning and
climate change adaptation
To jointly assess the impacts of climate changes
on water resources in Nepal
To brainstorm the options to address the
identified issues for planning processes
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Contents
Section 1 : Introduction to Integrated Water
Resources Management (IWRM) and decision
support tools
Section 2 : Tools and Techniques for IWRM
Section 3 : Group works
Background of IWRM
Water is a key driver of economic
and social development
Drivers such as demography,
economic growth and climatic
variability increase the stress on
water resources
Decision makers have difficulties on
water allocation
The basis of IWRM is that different
uses of water are interdependent
Integrated management considers
different uses of water resources
together
Basis of IWRM
The basis of IWRM is that different uses of
water are considered together.
Navigation
Industrial
Flood protection
Mining
Irrigation
Electricity
Fishery
etc
IWRM definition
IWRM is a process which
promotes the coordinated
development and management
of water, land and related
resources, in order to maximize
the resultant economic and social
welfare in an equitable manner
without compromising the
sustainability of vital ecosystems.
GWP, TAC Background Paper No. 4: Integrated
Water Resources Management
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IWRM definition
IWRM (Bogardi and Nachtnebel 1994; Kindler 2000)
is a systematic approach to planning and
management that considers a range of supply-side
and demand-side processes and actions, and
incorporates stakeholder participation in decision
processes.
http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwrm/contents/about/what_is_iwrm.asp 7
(adapted from GWP (2010))
Decision Support
Tools
Communication
and stakeholder
engagement
Build commitment to
reform process
Political will
Awareness
Multi stakeholder dialogue
Analyse gaps
Implement frameworks
IWRM framework
Framework for water
infrastructure development
Build capacity
Regulatory
instruments
standards, land use
plan, subsidies,
charges, taxes and
etc.
Allocation and
conflict resolutions
Political adoption
Stakeholder acceptance
Identifying financing
Build commitment to
actions
Data collection
and data analysis
Enabling environment
Institutional roles
Management instruments
Links to national policies
Source : http://www.gwp.org/en/The-Challenge/What-is-IWRM/IWRM-Application/
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Functions of DST
Organize data (databases)
Visualize data
Analyze
System Modeling
Communication
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Spatial Analysis of flow Accumulation in Ayeyarwady Delta. In: Theilen-Willige, B., &
Pararas-Carayannis, G. (2009). Natural hazard assessment of SW Myanmar-a contribution of
remote sensing and GIS methods to the detection of areas vulnerable to earthquakes and
tsunami/cyclone flooding. Science of Tsunami Hazards, 28(2), 108
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2. Non-structural measures
Modelling
Remote sensing and Geographical Information
System (GIS)
Weather indexes
Early warning system
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Structural measure
Viewing as structural hard-engineered interventions, such as
floodway and reservoir, as well as more natural measures, such
as wetlands and natural buffers
Reducing flood and drought hazards by controlling the flow of
water in rivers and streams.
Tending to transfer flood risk from one location only to increase
it in another
Remaining some residual risk of
flooding
Keeping water away from people
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Regulating
Source : Cities and Flooding : A Guide to Integrated Urban Flood Risk Management for the 21st
Century (World Bank, 2011)
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Source: http://www.panoramio.com/photo/14270801
Source :
http://projetobarraginhas.blogspot.com/2012/09/fazendasprodutoras-de-agua-primeira.html
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Use
Roof top
collection
Open space
harvesting
Filtering
chamber
Groundwat
er recharge
Direct
storage
http://www.bloggang.com/vi
ewblog.php?id=lifeinbelgique
&date=01-062011&group=27&gblog=1
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Non-structural measure
Based on the concept of risk awareness how to live with flood and drought
Preventing flood and drought damage based
on acceptance them as natural processes that
cannot be completely controlled
NOT related to infrastructure
Ex:
Changing crop patterns
Keeping people away from water
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g g ( S o S f ) 0
A t A x A
x
Q A
0
x t
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Hydraulics model
Simulation of flood propagation
in the channel (open channel /
closed conduit) which may
include backwater effects, flow
through hydraulics structure and
2-D flows)
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1D&2D Hydraulic
model / flood routing
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Results
Change in mean annual runoff (mm) for 2050,
model Echam A2
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Results
Change in mean annual runoff (mm) for 2100,
model Echam A2
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NON-STRUCTURAL : GIS
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What is GIS?
Geographic Spatial data related to the Earth
Information Other attribute data in tabulate
as information about each of the spatial
feature
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Source:
http://www.gislounge.com/what-is-gis/
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http://apps.geoportal.icimod.org/BhutanGlacier/index.html#
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Water Supply
MWA water supply
Sources of surface water supply
Source of GW supply
Groundwater supply
Unlimited supply
Private withdrawal in any
province
Percentage of non-residential
water supplies from MWA
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Water demand
Water demand from residence is estimated
by LPCD (litre per capita per day) multiplied
by 365 days (200 LPCD)
Other water demands (business, industrial,
public and others) is obtained from MWA
water sale by sectors in Nonthaburi and
Samutprakarn
LPCD in Bangkok has been increasing
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NON-STRUCTURAL : WEATHER
INDEXES (DROUGHT INDEX)
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Meteorological
Evaporation
Runoff
generation
Hydrological
Stream flow
Water use
Vegetational
Socioeconomic
Source: Wilhite, D.A. and M.H. Glantz. 1985. Understanding the drought phenomenon: the role of definitions. Water Int., 10:111-120.
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SPEI Values
NON-STRUCTURAL : EARLY
WARNING SYSTEM
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1-hour
3-hour
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