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Stratigraphy and Reservoir Zonation
Stratigraphy and Reservoir Zonation
separation), or superposed log curves with no separation. As for the Etive, it has
excellent reservoir properties.
Exercise #5 (Fig. 3.5)
Try to find stratigraphic sequences and correlate them from well to well. The
sequences should be bound by sequences boundaries, that is lines of maximum
progradation (levels of low gamma ray value, prior to a retrogradation / transgression).
According to the model for the Brent delta, the sequences boundaries should be
oblique and climb down the stratigraphy from left to right (north to south). But at the
scale of the Statfjord Field, how oblique (or straight) are really these timelines ? It is
for you to find out..Solution is on Figure 3.6.
Examples of reservoir zonations
Reservoir zonations on most fields are usually based on sequence stratigraphy correlations.
But since the principles of sequence stratigraphy were only established at the end of the
1970s, fields that are relatively old, like the Statfjord Field, first operated with a
lithostratigraphic zonation. This lithostratigraphic zonation on the Statfjord Field is called
LITHO_Statfjord (Fig. 3.7). It is still useful and actively in use, because locally the
formation and zone boundaries (ie. Rannoch 1 and 2) have petrophysical contrasts that make
the units distinct flow units.
But at a smaller stratigraphic scale, one needs a sequence stratigraphic zonation (called
SEQUENCE_Statfjord on the Statfjord Field). For example, the sequences you have
delineated in the Rannoch Formation are important flow units, even if at the large scale they
cross-cut the lithological units (ie. Rannoch 1 / Rannoch 2). In the case of the Ness and
Tarbert SEQUENCE_Statfjord zonation, the individual zones have boundaries that are
parallel to the lithostratigraphic boundaries, and so it is simpler to identify the main flow units
(ie. Fig. 3.8, Tarbert Fm). This is also largely the case for the zones in the Statfjord Formation.
Figure 3.9 shows an example of reservoir zonation from the Hugin Formation of the Sleipner
Field. The Hugin is time equivalent with the Tarbert Formation, and occurs in the southern
part of the Brent delta (see Fig. 3.1). One sees on close observation that the Hugin zonation
follows sequence stratigraphic boundaries. In some places on the field these surfaces are
parallel / coincide with the main lithostratigraphic changes (south and north on the field),
while at other places there is a significant difference (central on the field, where the upper
shoreface / barrier sandstones pass northwards into offshore shales).
Exercise #6 (Fig. 3.10)
This three-well correlation panel is from the Raude Member of the Statfjord
Formation, taken from the central part (A platform) of the field. Based on the sequence
stratigraphic representation on Figure 2.1, identify the reservoir zonation that is
utilized on the Statfjord Field for effectively draining the Raude Member. There are
five zones in total. Each zone should be relatively sand-rich in the lower part, and
variably shale-rich in the upper part. The solution is shown in Figure 3.11.
Through these exercises in stratigraphy, we have come across three types of sequences in
terms of log pattern. The three types we encountered are (see Fig. 3.12) : 1) small-scale bay-
head delta sequences in the Ness, which show coarsening-upward trends on the gamma ray
log (other patterns are also present in the Ness zones) ; 2) shoreface coarsening-upward
sequences in the Rannoch Formation; and 3) alluvial (river) fining-upward sequences in the
Raude Member of the Statfjord Formation. All these types are flow units, and are
retrograding-prograding, or transgressive-regressive, sequences.