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Study Guide Anatomy 2015
Study Guide Anatomy 2015
Study Guide Anatomy 2015
General anatomical termsNote: Although not explicitly tested, knowing what these terms refer
to may be helpful as you will likely come across them in supplementary texts, and being able to
recognize different anatomical planes quickly will be helpful on the Stanford Brain Bee.
o Directional termsRealize that some terms change when speaking of the Meynert axis
versus the Forel axis. Know which axis corresponds to what parts of the brain.
Dorsal vs. Ventral
Rostral vs. Caudal
Anterior vs. Posterior
Superior vs. Inferior
Proximal vs. Distal
Medial vs. Lateral
o Anatomical planes
Sagittal
Coronal
Horizontal/Axial/Transverse
Prosencephalon/Forebrain
o Telencephalon
o Diencephalon
Mesencephalon/Midbrain
Rhombencephalon/Hindbrain
o Metencephalon
o Myelencephalon
Major sulci
Interhemispheric fissure/great longitudinal fissure
Sylvian fissure/lateral sulcus
Rolandic fissure/central sulcus
Calcarine sulcus
Major gyri
Precentral, and associated primary motor cortex/homunculus
Postcentral, and associated somatosensory cortex/homunculus
Fusiform
Parahippocampal
Other cortical areas
Prefrontal cortex
Cingulate cortex
Brocas area (pars triangularis and pars opercularis of the inferior frontal
gyrus; Broadmann areas 44 and 45)
Wernickes area
Primary visual cortex/V1/striate cortex
Preoccippital notch
Pineal gland
Pituitary gland
Anterior pituitary/adenohypophysis
Posterior pituitary/neurohypophysis
Pituitary stalk/infundibulum
Mammillary bodies
Olfactory bulbs
Olfactory tractsNOT the same as the olfactory nerves!
Hindbrain structures
Cerebellum
Pons
Medulla oblongata
o Decussation of the pyramids
Midbrain structuresNote: There are several different, conflicting classification
schemes for the midbrain, especially regarding what substructures comprise the
tegmentum. You are NOT expected to know all the different classification
schemes; the term tegmentum is simply listed here for completeness.
Tectum
o Superior & inferior colliculi/corpora quadrigemina
Tegmentum
Red nuclei
Raphe nuclei
Substantia nigra
Crus cerebri/cerebral peduncles
Subcortical structures
Corpus callosum
Basal ganglia
o Caudate nucleus
Putamen
Globus pallidus
Substantia nigraNote: Functionally classified as part of the
basal ganglia, but developmentally part of the mesencephalon
o Subthalamic nucleusNote: Functionally classified as part of
the basal ganglia, but developmentally part of the diencephalon
Thalamus
o Interthalamic body/middle commissure
Hypothalamus
Anterior commissure/precommissure
Posterior commissure/epithalamic commissure
Ventricular system
o Lateral ventricles
o Third ventricles
o Fourth ventricle
o Interventricular foramen
o Cerebral aqueduct
o Choroid plexus
o Septum pellucidum
Hippocampus
Amygdala
Fornix of the brain
Claustrum
Internal, external, and extreme capsules
Stria medullaris
Stria terminalis
o
o
o
Spinal Cord
General butterfly structure, be able to recognize ventral/anterior and
dorsal/posterior sides of horizontal cross section
Funiculi
Anterior white commissure
Spinal canal
Anterior/ventral nerve roots and posterior/dorsal nerve roots
Dorsal root ganglia
Corticospinal tract
Lateral
Anterior
Spinothalamic tract
Posterior
Anterior
Dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway
Fasciculus gracilis
Fasciculus cuneatus
Nucleus gracilis
Nucleus cuneatus
Internal arcuate fibers
Other
o Vasculature
Circle of Willis & associated arteries
Anterior communicating artery
Anterior cerebral artery
Middle cerebral artery
Internal carotid artery
Posterior communicating artery
Superior cerebellar artery
Pontine arteries
Basilar artery
Internal acoustic artery
Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
Vertebral artery
Posterior spinal artery
Anterior spinal artery
Meningeal arteries
Anterior meningeal artery
Middle meningeal artery