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Pile Ex MPL Solu
Pile Ex MPL Solu
Qu
Pile
Qs
Qp
Q u = Q p + Qs
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PileExmplSolu.doc04/14/03 PileExmplSolu.doc
Pile Installation
Hammers
Drop hammer
Ram
Cushion
Cushion
Pile cap
Pile
Drop hammer
1 Very noisy, simple to operate and maintain , 5-10 blows / minute, slow driving, very large drop, not suited for end bearing piles,
used on Franki piles
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PileExmplSolu.doc04/14/03 PileExmplSolu.doc
Exhaust
Intake
Ram
Cushion
Pile cap
Cushion
Pile
Single acting hammer
Double acting :
1
Differential acting
Diesel
Vibratory
Jacking
Predrilling or Jetting
Uses pressure for up stroke and down stroke. Design limits prevent it to deliver as much energy as single acting, but greater speed,
used mostly for sheet piles
2 Has two pistons with different diameters, allowing it to have heavy ram as for single acting and greater speed as double acting
3 Difficult to drive in soft ground, develops max energy in hard driving
4 Rotating eccentric loads cause vertical vibrations, most effective in sand
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PileExmplSolu.doc04/14/03 PileExmplSolu.doc
PILE TYPE
Timber
Concrete
Steel
Timber piles
Butt dia 12" to 20", tip 5" to 10". Length 30-60'
Bark always removed.
Concrete piles
Pre-cast
Reinforce and prestressed
Cast in place
With or without casing
1more
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PileExmplSolu.doc04/14/03 PileExmplSolu.doc
PILES CLASSIFICATION
1. Material (wood, steel, etc.).
2. Method of installation
1
2
(driven: blow of a hammer, vibrations, pressure from a jack, etc.; jetted, augured, screwing, etc.).
displacement, non-displacement
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PileExmplSolu.doc04/14/03 PileExmplSolu.doc
Pile type
placement effect
Displacement
Tapered
Timber,
monotube, thinwalled shell
Nondisplacement
Steel H
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PileExmplSolu.doc04/14/03 PileExmplSolu.doc
Load Transfer
Qu
Pile
soil plug
steel
soil plug
Qs
q'
steel
Ap = total plan area
Qp
Qu = Q p + Qs
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PileExmplSolu.doc04/14/03 PileExmplSolu.doc
Q p = A p (cN*c + q 'o N *q )
Ap = pile tip area
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PileExmplSolu.doc04/14/03 PileExmplSolu.doc
Meyerhof's Method
D
L
L/D
(L/D)cri
Qp
For values of N*c, N*q see Fig 9.13
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PileExmplSolu.doc04/14/03 PileExmplSolu.doc
Piles in Sand
Q p = A p q 'o N *q A p q l
where q l (tsf) = 0.5N*q tan
in terms of 'N' or Dr
= 20 N + 15o
= 28o + 15D r
0.4 N L
4 N
D
10D
4D
1For a given initial unit point resistance for bored piles =1/3 to 1/2 of driven piles, and bulbous piles driven with great impact
energy have upto about twice the unit resistance of driven piles of constant section
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PileExmplSolu.doc04/14/03 PileExmplSolu.doc
Example 1
A pile with L = 65', x-section = 18"18" is embedded in sand with
= 30, = 118.3 pcf. Estimate point bearing resistance.
Solution (Meyerhof)
Q p = A p q 'o N *q A p q l
Q p = 1.5 1.5 118.3 65 55 2000 = 476 tons
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PileExmplSolu.doc04/14/03 PileExmplSolu.doc
q
Lb
loose
sand
l(l)
10D
q l(d)
q p = q l(l) +
dense
sand
Lb
(q l(d) q l(l) ) q l(d)
10D
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PileExmplSolu.doc04/14/03 PileExmplSolu.doc
Example 2
Timber piles, 25' log with 10" point diameter, were driven through
a silty sand with = 25 into undrelying dense sandy gravel with
= 40. Penetration into the sandy gravel was 3'. Determine point
bearing capacity of a pile.
Solution
36
(146.8 5.82 ) = 56.6tsf < 146.8
10 10
2
10
Qp =
56.6 = 30.9 tons
12 2
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PileExmplSolu.doc04/14/03 PileExmplSolu.doc
Shaft Resistance
It is due to skin friction and adhesion
Q s = f A s
z
L'
L
K '
v
f = K o' tan + c a
= soil-pile friction angle
ca = is adhesion
K = earth pressure coefficient
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Since ca= 0
f = K o' tan
Like tip resistance a critical depth is reached after which 'f' does not
increase. Use (L'/D)critical =15
Values of K
Pile type
Bored or jetted
Ko = 1 - sin
Ko to 1.4 Ko
Ko to 1.8 Ko or
0.5 +0.008 Dr
1
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PileExmplSolu.doc04/14/03 PileExmplSolu.doc
Pile material
steel
20
concrete
0.75
wood
0.67
Qs = p f L
p = perimeter
L = incremental pile length for constant p and f.
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PileExmplSolu.doc04/14/03 PileExmplSolu.doc
Meyerhof
f avg (tsf) =
N
50
f avg (tsf) =
N
100
N
50
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PileExmplSolu.doc04/14/03 PileExmplSolu.doc
Method
'
f av = v + 2c u
'
C1
C2
v'
A1
L1
v'
L
Cu
L2
L3
A2
A3
C3
cu =
c u(1) L1 + c u(2) L 2 + . . .
L
some problems 1. increase in pore water pressure 2. Low initial capacity 3. enlarged hole near ground surface-water may get in and
soften clay. 4.ground and pile heaving. 5. Drag down effect from soft upper soils
2Short pile were driven in stiff clay OCR>1 but the long piles penetrated lower soft clay as well
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PileExmplSolu.doc04/14/03 PileExmplSolu.doc
v' =
A1 + A 2 + A 3 + ....
L
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PileExmplSolu.doc04/14/03 PileExmplSolu.doc
Example 3
50 kPa
cu
'v
5m
75 kPa
87 kPa
7m
145 kPa
5' = 17.45 = 87 kPa,
cu =
v' =
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50 5 + 75 7
= 64.58kPa
12
0.5 87 5 + 7
12
87 + 145
2
= 85.79kPa
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64.58 kPa
cu
85.79 kPa
'v-avg
= 0.24
Fig 9.17
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PileExmplSolu.doc04/14/03 PileExmplSolu.doc
cu
o'
50
= 0.57
87
1.0
0.5
0.35
0.57 0.8
cu/
= 0 .5 +
1 0 .5
(0.8 0.57) = 0.756
0.8 0.35
F=1
Lower clay
cu
o'
75
= 0.517
145
= 0.814,
f1 = 10.75650 = 37.8 kPa
f2 = 10.81475 = 61.05 kPa
Qs = 40.45537.8 +40.45761.05 = 1109 kN
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PileExmplSolu.doc04/14/03 PileExmplSolu.doc
1.0
F
0.7
120
50 60
L/D
(1 0.7 )(120 60)
F = 0.7 +
= 0.95
120 50
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PileExmplSolu.doc04/14/03 PileExmplSolu.doc
Example 6
Solution
57 20
Cd = 0.75 + 0.15
= 0.771
8000
Assume S = 0.1"
.85 20 12 26
= 13.06
2
3
16.8 29 10 (0.1)
13.06
K u = 0.7711 + 1 +
= 40.382
0.771
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Bearing Graph
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Practical applications
Design
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PileExmplSolu.doc04/14/03 PileExmplSolu.doc
Wave Equation
Hammer, cushions, pile cap, and pile are modeled as discrete
elements.
Each element has a mass and there are springs between element
of appropriate stiffness
Soil-pile interface modeled as spring-dash pot. Springs model
resistance to driving as a function of displacement and dash pots
as function of velocity.
Computations
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