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A Simple Algorithm For Calculating Adomian Polynomials: Int. J. Contemp. Math. Sciences, Vol. 2, 2007, No. 20, 975 - 982
A Simple Algorithm For Calculating Adomian Polynomials: Int. J. Contemp. Math. Sciences, Vol. 2, 2007, No. 20, 975 - 982
and S. M. Shafiof
Introduction
un
(2)
n=0
An (u0 , u1 , . . . , un )
(3)
n=0
Where An s, called Adomian polynomials, has been introduced by the Adomian himself by the formula
An (u0 , u1 , . . . , un ) =
1
Corresponding author
1 dn
[G(
ui i )]=0
n! dn
i=0
(4)
976
f or
i = 0, 1, ..., k}
Step 4:Taking the rst order derivative of Ak , with respect to , and then let
=0:
d
Ak |=0 = (k + 1)Ak+1.
d
End do
Step 5: Output A0 , A1 , ...., An .
According to the above Algorithm, Adomian polynomials will be computed as
follows:
A0 = G(u0 ),
977
Adomian polynomials
A1 =
d
G(u0
d
+ u1 )|=0 = u1 G (u0 ),
A2 =
1 d
((u1
2 d
A3 =
A4 =
1 d
((u2 + 3u3 )G (u0 + u1 ) + 2!1 (u1
3 d
u3
u3 G (u0) + u1u2 G (u0 ) + 3!1 G (u0 ),
1 d
((u3
4 d
u21
G u0 ),
2!
1
(u1 + 2u2)3 G (u0
3!
u21 u2
u4
G (u0 ) + 4!1 G4 (u0 )
2
u22
)G (u0 )
2
978
A1 =
A2 =
d
((u0
d
1 d
(2(u0 + u1 )(u1 + 2u2 )(u0x + u1x ) + (u0 + u1 )2 (u1x + 2u2x ))|=0
2 d
2
u1 u0x + 2u0u2 u0x + 2u0 u1 u1x + u20 u2x ,
d
A3 = 13 d
((u1 + 2u2 )2 (u0x + u1x ) + 2(u0 + u1 )(u0x + u1x )(u2 + 3u3 ) +
2(u0 + u1 )(u1 + 2u2 )(u1x + 2u2x ) + (u0 + u1 )2 (u2x + 3u3x ))|=0 =
2u1 u2 u0x + 2u0 u3 u0x + 2u0 u2 u1x + 2u0 u1 u2x + u21 u1x + u20 u3x ,
A4 = u21 u2x +2u1 u2 u1x +2u1 u3 u0x +2u0 u4u0x +2u0u3 u1x +2u0u1 u3x +2u0u2 u2x +
u22 u0x + u20 u4x ,
Example 3:( Case of hyperbolic and trigonometric nonlinearity)
G(u) = sinh u + sin2 u cos2 u
By using the new Algorithm,the Adomian polynomials for G(u) are given as:
A0 =G(u0 ) = sinh u0 + sin2 u0 cos2 u0 ,
d
(sinh(u0 + u1 ) + sin2 (u0 + u1 )cos2 (u0 + u1 ))|=0 = u1 cosh u0 +
A1 = d
2u1 sin u0 cos3 u0 2u1 sin3 u0 cos u0 ,
1 d
((u1 + 2u2) cosh(u0 + u1) + 2(u1 + 2u2 ) sin(u0 + u1 ) cos3 (u0 + u1)
2 d
2(u1 + 2u2 ) sin3 (u0 + u1 ) cos(u0 + u1 ))|=0 =
u2
u2 cosh u0 + 2!1 sinh u0 + u21 cos4 u0 6u21 sin2 u0 cos2 u0 + 2u2 sin u0 cos3 u0 +
u21 sin4 u0 2u2 sin3 u0 cos u0 ,
A2 =
d
2 )
A3 = 13 d
((u2 + 3u3) cosh(u0 + u1 ) + (u1 +2u
sinh(u0 + u1 ) +
2!
2
4
2
(u1 + 2u2 ) cos (u0 + u1 ) 6(u1 + 2u2 ) sin2 (u0 + u1 ) cos2 (u0 + u1 ) +
2(u2 + 3u3 ) sin(u0 + u1 ) cos3 (u0 + u1 ) + (u1 + 2u2 )2 sin4 (u0 + u1 )
2(u2 + 3u3 ) sin3 (u0 + u1 ) cos(u0 + u1 ))|=0 =
u3
979
Adomian polynomials
u1
,
u0
1 d
((u1
2 d
A3 =
2
1 d
2 +3u3 )
1 +2u2 )
((u2+3u3 )e(u0 +u1 ) + 12 (u1 +2u2 )2 e(u0 +u1 ) + (u
12 (u
)|
3 d
(u0 +u1 )
(u0 +u1 )2 =0
+ 2u2)e(u0 +u1 ) +
u3
u0
u1 u2
u20
A2 =
u2
u0
1 u1
,
2 u20
1 u1
,
3 u30
uij j
j=0
Aij (u10 , ..., u1j , u20 , ..., u2j , ...., up0 , ..., upj )j ,
j=0
The following Algorithm calculates Adomian polynomials Ai0 , Ai1 , ...., Ain :
For i = 1, 2, ...., p do
Step 1: Input nonlinear term Ni (u1 , u2 , ..., up ) and n , the number of Adomian
polynomials needed.
Step 2: Set Ai0 = Ni (u10 , u20 , ..., up0 )
Step 3: For k = 0 to n 1 do
Aik (u10 , ..., u1k , ...., up0 , ..., upk ) :=
Aik (u10 + u11 , ..., u1k + (k + 1)u1k+1, ...., up0 + up1 , ..., upk + (k + 1)upk+1)
{in Aik : uij uij + (j + 1)uij+1
for
j = 0, 1, ..., k }
Step 4: By taking, rst order derivative of Aik , with respect to , and let
= 0, we have :
d
Aik |=0 = (k + 1)Aik+1 .
d
End do
End do
980
u1 = f1 + N1
u2 = f2 + N2
d
(Ni (u10
d
i
i
+ u11 , u20 + u21 ))|=0 = u11 N
(u10 , u20 ) + u21 N
(u10 , u20 ),
u1
u2
1 d
i
((u11 + 2u12 ) N
(u10 + u11 , u20 + u21 ) + (u21 + 2u22 )
2 d
u1
Ni
i
i
(u10 + u11 , u20 + u21 ))|=0 = u12 N
(u10 , u20 ) + u22 N
(u10 , u20 )
u2
u1
u2
2
2
2
Ni
1 2 Ni
1 2 Ni
u
(u10 , u20 ) + 2! u21 u2 (u10 , u20 ) + u11 u21 u1 u2 (u10 , u20 ),
2! 11 u21
2
Ai2 =
1 d
i
((u12 + 3u13 ) N
(u10 + u11 , u20 + u21 ) + (u22 + 3u23 )
3 d
u1
2
Ni
(u10 + u11 , u20 + u21 ) + 2!1 (u11 + 2u12 )2 uN2i (u10 + u11 , u20 + u21 ) +
u2
1
1
2 2 Ni
(u
+
2u
)
(u
+
u
,
u
+
u
)
+
(u
2
21
22
10
11
20
21
11 + 2u12 )(u21 + 2u22 )
2!
u2
2 Ni
(u10 + u11 , u20 + u21 ))|=0 =
u1 u2
Ai3 =
i
i
u13 N
(u10 , u20 ) + u23 N
(u10 , u20 ) + u11 u12 uN2i (u10 , u20 ) +
u1
u2
2
i
i
u21 u22 uN2i (u10 , u20 ) + u12 u21 u 1N
(u10 , u20 ) + u11 u22 u 2N
(u10 , u20 ) +
u2
u1
2
2
1 2
u u Ni (u10 , u20 )
2! 11 21 u21 u2
1 3 3 Ni
u
(u10 , u20 ),
3! 21 u3
2
1 2
u u Ni (u10 , u20)
2! 21 11 u1 u22
1 3 3 Ni
u
(u10 , u20 )
3! 11 u31
To illustrate the application of the method for two variables, here an example
is presented .
Example 6: Let N(u, v) = uvvx , by applying the new Algorithm we get
A0 = N(u0 , v0 ) = u0 v0 v0x ,
A1 =
d
((u0
d
d
A2 = 12 d
((u1 +2u2 )(v0 +v1 )(v0x +v1x )+(u0 +u1)(v1 +2v2 )(v0x +v1x )+
(u0 + u1 )(v0 + v1 )(v1x + 2v2x ))|=0 = u2 v0 v0x + u1 v1 v0x + u0 v2 v0x +
u1 v0 v1x + u0 v1 v1x + u0 v0 v2x ,
d
((u2 +3u3)(v0 +v1 )(v0x +v1x )+(u1 +2u2)(v1 +2v2)(v0x +v1x )+
A3 = 13 d
(u0 + u1 )(v2 + 3v3 )(v0x + v1x ) + (u1 + 2u2)(v0 + v1 )(v1x + 2v2x ) +
981
Adomian polynomials
(u0 +u1 )(v1 +2v2 )(v1x +2v2x )+(u0 +u1 )(v0 +v1 )(v2x +3v3x ))|=0 =
u3 v0 v0x + u2 v1 v0x + u0 v3 v0x + u2 v0 v1x + u1 v1 v1x + u0 v2 v1x + u1 v0 v2x +
u0 v1 v2x + u0 v0 v3x + u1 v2 v0x ,
4.2 Three variables (p=3):
Using the new Algorithm, the Adomian polynomials for Ni (u1 , u2 , u3) Where
u1 , u2 , u3, Ni are represented by series:
ui =
uij j
f or
i = 1, 2, 3,
j=0
Ni =
Aij (u10 , ..., u1j , u20 , ..., u2j , u30 , ..., u3j )j
j=0
Ai2 =
i
+ 2u12 ) N
(u10 + u11 , u20 + u21 , u30 + u31 ) + (u21 + 2u22 )
u1
u11 , u20 + u21 , u30 + u31 ) + (u31 + 2u32 )
i
u11 , u20 + u21 , u30 + u31 ))|=0 = u12 N
(u10 , u20 , u30 ) +
u1
2
i
i
u22 N
(u10 , u20 , u30 ) + u32 N
(u10 , u20 , u30 ) + 2!1 u211 uN2i (u10 , u20 , u30) +
u2
u3
1
2
1 2 2 Ni
u
(u10 , u20 , u30 ) + 2!1 u231 uN2i (u10 , u20 , u30 ) +
2! 21 u22
3
2
2 Ni
1
1
u
u
(u
,
u
,
u
)
+
u
u Ni (u10 , u20 , u30 )
10
20
30
2! 11 21 u1 u2
2! 11 31 u1 u3
2
1
u u Ni (u10 , u20 , u30 ) ,
2! 21 31 u2 u3
Continue this course, we can get the Adomian polynomials for any pvariables functional operator.
Discussion
982
This Algorithm is very easy to implement, because it uses rst order derivative,
once. In each step to obtain the Adomian polynomials and will be extended to
calculate Adomian polynomials for nonlinear functionals of several variables.
References