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Bio Fungicid FOXL PDF
Bio Fungicid FOXL PDF
Bio Fungicid FOXL PDF
ABSTRACT
Hibar, K., Daami-Remadi, M., Hamada W., and El-Mahjoub M. 2006. Bio-fungicides as an
alternative for tomato Fusarium crown and root rot control. Tunisian Journal of Plant Protection
1: 19-29.
Fusarium crown and root rot of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.
sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL) is a recent damaging disease of greenhouse crops in Tunisia. No or
some effective disease control methods are available. Therefore, alternative measures for disease
management are urgently required. In this study, the efficacy of some bio-fungicides to suppress FORL
was evaluated in vitro, in growth chamber as well as under greenhouse conditions. In in vitro tests, all
bio-fungicides inhibited mycelial growth of FORL at 50 to 73%. Under growth chamber trials, the
efficacy of all bio-fungicides was more significant when they were added to the substrate one week
before inoculation with the pathogen. Moreover, simultaneous addition of bio-fungicides and pathogen
spores to tomato plants has significantly reduced disease incidence. Under greenhouse conditions,
results were more encouraging. Indeed, the use of RootShield Drench reduces the percentage of dead
plants at 5.5%. Furthermore, tomato plants treated with this bio-fungicide produced more and have had
best fruits compared to those treated with fungicide, Hymexazol. This study demonstrated the efficacy
of some bio-fungicides in controlling FORL especially when they were applied early before pathogen
attack inoculation.
Keywords: Bio-fungicides, disease incidence, Bacillus spp., Trichoderma harzianum, Pythium
oligandrum
19
Fo2.01
Fo4.02
Fo1.03
Fo1.04
2001
2002
2003
2004
Durintha
Bochra
Sarnia
Olivette
20
Serenade
70
Sonata
Polyversum
60
Biocint-T W-P
50
Biocont-T Gr
40
Agralan Revive
30
RootShield
20
10
0
FO2-01
FO4-02
FO1-03
FO1-04
RESULTS
In vitro inhibition of FORL by biofungicides. Adding bio-fungicides to the
PDA media has inhibited mycelial growth
of FORL isolates. Results obtained (Fig.
1) show that all bio-fungicides have
inhibited the development of FORL by
more than 50% and the highest values
were obtained with the two bio-fungicides
(Serenade and RootShield). Indeed, the
use of these two bio-fungicides halted
mycelial growth of FORL by more
Tunisian Journal of Plant Protection
80
22
Table 2. Disease incidence when tomato plants were treated with bio-fungicides one week before the Fusarium
oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici spores were inoculated to plants
Disease incidence (%)
FO2-01z
FO4-02z
FO1-03z
FO1-04z
Serenade
6,67 a
3,33 a
6,67 a
3,33 a
Sonata
10 a
6,67 a
10 a
6,67 a
Polyversum
6,67 a
13,33 a
10 a
10 a
Biocont-T W-P
6,67 a
13,33 a
13,33 a
6,67 a
Biont-T Gr
13,33 a
6,67 a
10 a
10 a
Agralan Revive
6,67 a
3,33 a
6,67 a
10 a
RootShield
6,67 a
6,67 a
10 a
6,67 a
83,3 b
90 b
93,33 b
0a
0 a
0a
Within columns, means followed by the same letters are not significantly different (P=0.05) according to S.N.K.
test.
with Polyversum, Biocont-T W-P, BiontT Gr, Agralan Revive and RootShield
were
statistically
classified
with
uninoculated plants when they were
inoculated with three FORL isolates
(FO2-01, FO4-02, FO1-03). Also in this
experiment, disease incidence did not
exceed 40% and it ranged from 13.3% for
Polyversum, Biocont-T W-P and Agralan
Revive with FO2-01and FO4-02 isolates
to 40% for Biocont-T W-P with FO1-03
isolate, (Table 4).
23
Table 3. Disease incidence when tomato plants were treated with bio-fungicides one week after the Fusarium
oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici spores were inoculated to plants
Disease incidence (%)
Serenade
FO2-01z
60 b
FO4-02z
60 bc
FO1-03z
60 b
FO1-04z
53,33 b
Sonata
63,33 b
60 bc
66,67 b
63,33 b
Polyversum
56,67 b
53,33 b
46,67 b
60 b
Biocont-T W-P
50b
60 bc
53,33 b
60 b
Biont-T Gr
53,33 b
56,67 b
56,67 b
63,33 b
Agralan Revive
53,33 b
63,33 bc
60 b
63,33 b
RootShield
56,67 b
63,33 bc
56,67 b
56,67 b
80 c
83,33 c
90 c
93,333 c
0a
0a
0a
0a
Healthy plants
z
Within columns, means followed by the same letters are not significantly different (P=0.05) according to S.N.K.
test.
Table 4. Disease incidence when bio-fungicides treatment and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici spore
inoculation to tomato plants were performed at the same time
Disease incidence (%)
Serenade
FO2-01z
26,67 b
FO4-02z
26,67 b
FO1-03z
33,33 b
FO1-04z
36,67 b
Sonata
30 b
36,67 b
36,67 b
36,67 b
Polyversum
16,67 ab
13,33 ab
16,67 ab
20 b
Biocont-T W-P
20 ab
13,33 ab
20 ab
40 b
Biont-T Gr
20 ab
23,33 ab
20 ab
36,67 b
Agralan Revive
13,33 ab
16,67 ab
20 ab
23,33 b
RootShield
23,33 ab
26,67 b
20 ab
26,67 b
80 c
83,33 c
90 c
93,33 c
0a
0a
0a
0a
Healthy plants
z
Within columns, means followed by the same letters are not significantly different (P=0.05) according to S.N.K.
test.
DISCUSSION
Because high disease pressure and high
crop value require frequent applications of
chemical
pesticides,
significant
environmental pollution and selection of
resistant pathogen strains are among the
main
problems
encountered
in
greenhouses.
24
Fig. 4. Comparison between plants treated with fungicide Hymexazol (A) or bio-fungicide RootShield Drench (B)
under greenhouse conditions: plants treated with Hymexazol exhibit symptoms of yellowing and wilting (arrows)
whereas plants treated with RootShield Drench exhibit a good vegetative growth without yellowing and wilting
symptoms.
25
26
RESUME
Hibar K., Daami-Remadi M., Hamada W. et El-Mahjoub M. 2006. Les bio-fungicides comme une
alternative dans la lutte contre la pourriture Fusarium des racines et du collet de la tomate.
Tunisian Journal of Plant Protection 1: 19-29.
La fusariose des racines et du collet de la tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum) cause par Fusarium
oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL) est une grave maladie rcemment signale dans les serres
gothermales du sud tunisien. Labsence de mthodes de lutte efficaces contre ce pathogne nous a
pouss chercher dautres alternatives de lutte pour contrler cette maladie. Dans cette tude, l'efficacit
de quelques bio-fongicides a t value in vitro, dans une chambre de culture et sous serres chauffes
par les eaux gothermales. Dans les essais le lutte in vitro, tous les bio-fongicides ont limit la croissance
myclienne de FORL et le pourcentage dinhibition tait compris entre 50 et 73%. Test in vivo,
l'efficacit de tous les bio-fongicides tait plus significative surtout quand ils ont t ajouts aux substrats
de culture une semaine avant inoculation. De plus, l'addition simultane de ces bio-fongicides et du
pathogne aux plants de tomate a significativement rduit l'incidence de cette maladie. Sous serres, les
rsultats obtenus taient plus encourageants. En effet, par l'utilisation de RootShield Drench le
pourcentage de plants fltris tait seulement de 5.5%. De plus, les plants de tomate traits par ce biofongicide ont eu une production et une qualit de fruits meilleures compare au fongicide, lHymexazol.
Cette tude a dmontr l'efficacit de quelques bio-fongicides dans la lutte contre FORL particulirement
quand il ont t appliqus tt avant inoculation.
Mots cls : Bio-fungicides, incidence de la maladie, Bacillus spp., Trichoderma harzianum, Pythium
oligandrum
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____________________________________________________________________________________
Tunisian Journal of Plant Protection
27
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