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Chapter 1 Mole Balance
Chapter 1 Mole Balance
INTRODUCTION
Chemical reaction engineering (CRE) combine the study of chemical kinetics with the
reactor in which the reaction occurs.
CRE is perhaps the key course that differentiates Chem Eng from other engineers.
Topics outline
Mass
Transfer
Fluid
Mechanics
REACTANT(S)
PRODUCT
REACTOR
(Ethylene)
(Ethane)
Thermodynamics
Reaction
Kinetics
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Rate Law
Rate law is an algebraic equation (constitutive relationship) that relates reaction
rate to species concentrations via a constant (?) that depends on temperature.
Rate law is independent of reactor type
(-rA) = k [concentration terms]
e.g. (-rA) = k CA or (-rA) = k CA2
where, k is rate constant [k=f(T)]
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10:00 am
12:00 pm
3:00 pm
5:00 pm
CAO
CA
50.0
50.0
50.0
50.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
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IN
+ GENERATION
OUT
= ACCUMULATION
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Batch Reactor
Key Characteristics
unsteady-state operation (by definition)
High conversion can be achieved
no spatial variation of concentration or temperature
mainly used for small scale operation
suitable for slow reactions
mainly (not exclusively) used for liquid-phase reaction
Long downtime for cleaning leads to periods of no production
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For reaction A B
in differential form as
in integral form as
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Key Characteristics
steady state operation
good mixing leads to uniform concentration
and temperature
mainly used for liquid phase reaction
suitable for viscous liquid
Lower conversion
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For reaction A B
v C vC A FAo
V = 0 A0
(rA )
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Key Characteristics
Steady-state operation
Spatial variation but no temporal variation
suitable for fast reaction mainly used for gas phase
reaction
Good for studying rapid reactions
temperature control may be difficult
there are no moving parts
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For reaction A B
Differential Form
dFA
= (rA )
dV
Integral Form
FA
V=
FAO
dFA
(rA )
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FA
Key Characteristics
Similar to PFR. Can be thought of as PFR packed with solid particles, which
are almost always catalysts.
Steady-state operation
Spatial variation but no temporal variation
Mainly used for gas phase catalytic reaction although examples for liquidphase reaction are also known.
temperature control may be difficult
There are no moving parts
Catalyst difficult to replace
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Pressure drop across the packed bed is an important consideration
Differential Form
dFA
= (rA' )
dW
W = Weight of the packing
Integral Form
FA
W=
FAO
dFA
(rA' )
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Batch
dN j
dt
dV
dFj
PBR
t=
dW
N jO
V=
dF j
Integral
Equation
Nj
= (r j )V
CSTR
PFR
Algebraic
Equation
dN j
(rj )V
F jo F j
(rj )
V=
F jO
'
= (r j )
No spatial variations,
steady state
No spatial variations,
steady state
Fj
= rj
Remarks
Fj
W=
dF j
Steady state
(rj )
dF j
'
F jO ( r j )
Steady state
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