Functional Design of

Buildings

MODULE 1

Principles of Planning (Revision)

Functional object
& requirements

Climatic
condition

Component parts,
sizes and interrelationship

Topography and
shape of plot

Location and

neighbourhood

(contd.)

Anthropometrics (Revision)

Acceptable/Unacceptable

Ergonomics (Revision)
The science of
optimising the
interactions
between the person
the job
the environment

Use of Anthropometric
data

Ergonomic Workstation

CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDINGS
Group

Occupancy

Sub divisions

Residential

A1 Lodging or rooming houses

A2 One or two family
dwellings
A3 Dormitories
A4 Apartments
A5 Hotels

Educational

Building used for colleges,

schools, day care purpose
involving assembly for
instructions, education etc

Group

Occupancy

Institutional

Assembly

Sub divisions
C1 Hospitals and sanatoria
C2 Homes for aged, orphans
C3 Prisons, mental hospitals
D1 Theatres with fixed seats
for more than 1000 persons
D2 (-do-)less than 1000
persons
D3 Halls with capacity to hold
more than 300 persons but
with no permanent seating
D4 (-do-)less than 300 persons
D5 All other assembly
buildings not
covered above

Group

Occupancy

Sub divisions

Business

E1 Office, banks, professional

establishments for doctors,
engineers, lawyers
E2 Laboratories and research
E3 Computer installations

Mercantile

F1 Shops, stores, markets with

area up to 500m2 with storage
incidental to sales
F2 Underground shopping
centres/departmental stores
with area more than 500m2
with storage and services
incidental to sales

Group

Occupancy

Sub divisions

Industrial

G1 Buildings used for low

hazard industries
G2 -moderate hazard
industries
G3 -high hazard industries

Storage
buildings

Hazardous

Used for storage or sheltering

of goods, vehicles, animals
-Warehouses, grain stores,
garages, stables
Used for storage, handling,
manufacturing and processing
of corrosive, toxic,
inflammable, explosive
materials

Area size of Plots

Residential:

Min. plot (m2) Front (m)

Detached building
Semi detached building
Row type
Industrial building

Above 250
125-250
125

Above 12
8 to 12
4.5 to 8

300 m2 with width not less than 15m

Assembly halls/
cinema theatres

Based on seating capacity @ 3 m2 per seat

Community halls

Size of plot not less than 1000 m2

Petrol filling station

With service bay- 37m X 31m

Without service bay - 31m X 17m

Ground Coverage

Parking Space

Parking Space (contd.)

Space-Optimization

Intro to GREEN Building

A shift towards energy
conservation, efficiency, Roadblock
and alternatives,
Lack of track
Why?
increasing demand for
energy (Population &
Economic Growth)
declining reserves of
non-renewable energy
resources
rising energy costs
sustainability concerns

record (financial
lending)

Soln:
Energy star
certificate

Obsolete materials
& method

Tax incentive,
insurance

Market uncertainty
and
underperformance

Estimate total cost

of construction and
service life

 Other energy
technologies are not
yet fully developed
and/or cannot
provide adequately
substitute power
Nuclear power
future expansion
uncertain in terms of
scope and time

Green Buildinggoal of zero-net

energy

HOW?
Materials
Better Circulation &
Insulation
In-house energy production
Recycling & Waste
Management
Planning
Water Conservation
User Awareness

Demerits

Initial cost
Skilled
Worker
Material
availability
Construction
Time
Ergonomics
Comfort?

Essentials of Building Codes

Compositional Guidelines