2D Elasticity Examples

Dr. Robert Gracie

University of Waterloo
CIVE422 2015

T3 Example Point Loads

Dr. Gracie, University of Waterloo 2015
E=200GPa, =0.35
1MN

1
2

Nodal Coordinate

2MN

1.5

-1

Element connectivity
e
1

2
2

T3 Example K1
Dr. Gracie, University of Waterloo 2015
K1 = A B1T DB1
!
0
# N1,x
B1 = # 0
N1,y
#
#" N1,y N1,x

B1 =

N 2,x

N 3,x

N 2,y

N 3,y

N 2,y

N 2,x

N 3,y

N 3,x

-0.67
0
-1.00

K1

1011!

y31

y12

x32

x13

y23

x13

y31

x21

0 $
&
x21 &
&
y12 &%

0
0.67 0
0
0!
-1.00 0
0
0
1.00!
-0.67 0
0.67 1.00 0!

[1]
1.31
0.71
-0.73
-0.38
-0.58
-0.33

$
! y
&
# 23
1
&=
# 0
& 2A #
&%
#" x32

[2]

[3]

0.71 -0.73 -0.38 -0.58 -0.33!

1.90 -0.33 -0.26 -0.38 -1.65!
-0.33 0.73 0
0
0.33!
-0.26 0
0.26 0.38 0!
-0.38 0
0.38 0.58 0!
-1.65 0.33 0
0
1.65!

[1]
[2]
[3]
3

T3 Example K2
Dr. Gracie, University of Waterloo 2015
K 2 = A B1T DB1
!
0
# N1,x
B2 = # 0
N1,y
#
#" N1,y N1,x

B2 =

N 2,x

N 3,x

N 2,y

N 3,y

N 2,y

N 2,x

N 3,y

N 3,x

-0.67 0
0
1.00
1.00 -0.67

[1]
K2 = 1011!

$
! y
&
# 23
1
&=
# 0
& 2A #
&%
#" x32

0
0
0.67
0
-1.00 0
-1.00 0
0

[4]

y31

y12

x32

x13

y23

x13

y31

x21

0 $
&
x21 &
&
y12 &%

0!
0!
0.67!

[2]

1.31 -0.71 -0.58 0.33 -0.73 0.38!

-0.71 1.90 0.38 -1.65 0.33 -0.26!
-0.58 0.38 0.58 0
0
-0.38!
0.33 -1.65 0
1.65 -0.33 0!
-0.73 0.33 0
-0.33 0.73 0!
0.38 -0.26 -0.39 0
0
0.26!

[1]
[4]
[2]
4

T3 Example Assemble K
Dr. Gracie, University of Waterloo 2015

K =1011!

2.62
0
-1.47
0
-0.58
-0.33
-0.58
0.33

0
3.81
0
-0.51
-0.38
-1.65
0.38
-1.65

-1.47
0
1.47
0
0
0.33
0
-0.33

0
-0.51
0
0.51
0.38
0
-0.38
0

-0.58 -0.33 -0.58! 0.33!

-0.38 -1.65 0.38! -1.65!
0
0.33 0!
-0.33!
0.38 0
-0.38! 0!
0.58 0
0!
0!
0
1.65 0!
0!
0
0
0.58! 0!
0
0
0!
1.65!

3
[1]

1
1

2
2
4

K1 =

1.31
0.71
1011!-0.73
-0.38
-0.58
-0.33

[2]

[3]

0.71 -0.73 -0.38 -0.58 -0.33!

1.90 -0.33 -0.26 -0.38 -1.65!
-0.33 0.73 0
0
0.33!
-0.26 0
0.26 0.38 0!
-0.38 0
0.38 0.58 0!
-1.65 0.33 0
0
1.65!

[1]
[2]
[3]
5

T3 Example Assemble K
Dr. Gracie, University of Waterloo 2015

K =1011!

2.62
0
-1.47
0
-0.58
-0.33
-0.58
0.33

0
3.81
0
-0.51
-0.38
-1.65
0.38
-1.65

-1.47
0
1.47
0
0
0.33
0
-0.33

0
-0.51
0
0.51
0.38
0
-0.38
0

-0.58 -0.33 -0.58! 0.33!

-0.38 -1.65 0.38! -1.65!
0
0.33 0!
-0.33!
0.38 0
-0.38! 0!
0.58 0
0!
0!
0
1.65 0!
0!
0
0
0.58! 0!
0
0
0!
1.65!

3
[1]

1
1

2
2
4

K2 = 1011!

[4]

[2]

1.31 -0.71 -0.58 0.33 -0.73 0.38!

-0.71 1.90 0.38 -1.65 0.33 -0.26!
-0.58 0.38 0.58 0
0
-0.38!
0.33 -1.65 0
1.65 -0.33 0!
-0.73 0.33 0
-0.33 0.73 0!
0.38 -0.26 -0.39 0
0
0.26!

[1]
[4]
[2]
6

Forces
Dr. Gracie, University of Waterloo 2015

1
2

1MN

2MN

3
1
1

2
2

!
#
#
#
#
#
f =#
#
#
#
#
#
#"

f1x $
& !
0
f1y & #
0
& #
f2 x & #
110 6
f2 y & # 2 10 6
&=#
f3x & #
0
&
0
f3y & ##
0
f4 x & #
& #"
0
f4 y &
%

$
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&
&%

4
7

Apply BCs and Solve

Dr. Gracie, University of Waterloo 2015
3
1MN

1
2

1
1

2
2

2MN
4

2.62
0
1011! -1.47
0
-0.58
-0.33
-0.58
0.33

0
3.81
0
-0.51
-0.38
-1.65
0.38
-1.65

-1.47
0
1.47
0
0
0.33
0
-0.33

0
-0.51
0
0.51
0.38
0
-0.38
0

-0.58 -0.33 -0.58! 0.33!!#

-0.38 -1.65 0.38! -1.65!#
0
0.33 0!
-0.33!##
#
0.38 0
-0.38! 0!
#
0.58 0
0!
0!
#
#
0
1.65 0!
0!
#
0
0
0.58! 0!
#
0
0
0!
1.65!#

u1x $
&
u1y &
&
u2 x &
u2 y & =
&
u3x &
&
u3y &
u4 x &
&
#" u4 y &%

#
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%$

0 + R1x &
(
0 + R1y (
(
110 6 (
2 10 6 (
(
0 + R3x (
0 + R3y (
(
0 + R4 x (
(
0 + R4 y (
'

Apply BCs and Solve

Dr. Gracie, University of Waterloo 2015

u1x = u1y = u3x = u3y = u4 x = u4 y = 0

2.62
0
11
10 ! -1.47
0
-0.58
-0.33
-0.58
0.33

0
3.81
0
-0.51
-0.38
-1.65
0.38
-1.65

-1.47
0
1.47
0
0
0.33
0
-0.33

KE

K EF

K FE

KF

0
-0.51
0
0.51
0.38
0
-0.38
0

-0.58 -0.33 -0.58! 0.33!!#

-0.38 -1.65 0.38! -1.65!#
0
0.33 0!
-0.33!##
#
0.38 0
-0.38! 0!
#
0.58 0
0!
0!
#
#
0
1.65 0!
0!
#
0
0
0.58! 0!
#
0
0
0!
1.65!#

u1x $
&
u1y &
&
u2 x &
u2 y &
& =
u3x &
&
u3y &
u4 x &
&
#" u4 y &%

"
$
$
$
$
$
10 6 $
$
$
$
$
$
#

0 + R1x %
'
0 + R1y '
'
1
'
2 '
0 + R3x '
'
0 + R3y '
'
0 + R4 x '
0 + R4 y '
&

Plot Displacements
Dr. Gracie, University of Waterloo 2015
the displacements at node 2 are (0.006825,-0.039) mm.
the reactions at node 1 are (-1000,2000) kN.
the reactions at node 3 are (-1500,225) kN.
the reactions at node 4 are (1500,-225) kN.
ELEMENT #1
the strain (Exx,Eyy,2Exy) =(4.55e-06,0,-2.6e-05).
the stress (Sxx,Syy,Sxy) = (1,0.3,-2) MPa.
ELEMENT #2
the strain (Exx,Eyy,2Exy) =(4.55e-06,0,-2.6e-05).
the stress (Sxx,Syy,Sxy) = (1,0.3,-2) MPa.

10

T3 Example Point Loads

Dr. Gracie, University of Waterloo 2015

3
1
1

2
2

%% Define Material Properties

E = 200e9; nu = 0.3;
%% Define Coordinates of the nodes
x1 = 0; x2 = 1.5; x3 = 0; x4 = 0;
x = [x1; x2; x3; x4];
y1 =0; y2 = 0; y3 = 1; y4 = -1;
y = [y1; y2; y3; y4];

4
%% Connectivity
conn = [1, 2, 3;
1, 4, 2];
11

K = zeros(8,8);!
for e=1:2!
enodes= conn(e,:);!
sctr = [2*enodes(1)-1,2*enodes(1),2*enodes(2)!
Dr. Gracie, University of Waterloo 2015
1,2*enodes(2),2*enodes(3)-1,2*enodes(3)];!
ye = y(enodes);
!
xe = x(enodes);!
Be = 1/(2*A)*[ye(2)-ye(3),0,ye(3)-ye(1),0,ye(1)-ye(2),0;!
0 ,xe(3)-xe(2), 0 , xe(1)-xe(3), 0, xe(2)-xe(1);!
xe(3)-xe(2),ye(2)-ye(3),xe(1)-xe(3),ye(3)-ye(1),xe(2)- !
xe(1),ye(1)-ye(2)];!

!
D = E/(1-nu^2)*[1 ,nu,0; nu,1 ,0; 0 ,0 ,(1-nu)/2];!
Ke = A*Be'*D*Be;!
K(sctr,sctr)=K(sctr,sctr)+Ke;!
end!
12

Dam Example
Dr. Gracie, University of Waterloo 2015
1m

= 1000kg / m3
5m

2m

c = 2700kg / m 3
E = 40GPa
= 0.2
13

Dam Example
Dr. Gracie, University of Waterloo 2015
y

g
t(y )

8
n

3
3

14

Body Loads
Dr. Gracie, University of Waterloo 2015
n

Body load due to gravity

8

! b $ !
0 $
x
#
&
&
b=
=#
# by & "# g &%
"
%
n

3
4!

3!

1!

2!

Nodal forces due to body load

!
#
#
#
#
#
fe = N eT b d = #
#
e
e
#
#
#
#
#
#"

e
1

N1e

N 2e

N 2e

N 3e

N 3e

N 4e

N 4e

$
&
&
&
&
&!
&# 0
&# g
&"
&
&
&
&
&%

1
$
& dx dy =
&%
1

!
#
#
#
#
#
1#
1#
#
#
#
#
#
#
#"

N1e ( , )

N1e ( , )

N 2e ( , )

N 2e ( , )

N 3e ( , )

N 3e ( , )

N 4e ( , )

N 4e ( , )

$
&
&
&
&
&
&! 0
&#
&#" g
&
&
&
&
&
&%

$
& J e ( , ) d d
&%

15

Body Loads
Dr. Gracie, University of Waterloo 2015
n

Compute Integral using numerical quadrature.

e
Note that in general the Jacobian J ( , ) is not constant but a
function of the parent coordinates

"
$
$
$
$
$
$
nQ nQ $
fe = $
i1 j=1 $
$
$
$
$
$
$
#

N1e ( i , j )

N1e ( i , j )

N 2e ( i , j )

N 2e ( i , j )

N 3e ( i , j )

N 3e ( i , j )

N 4e ( i , j )

N 4e ( i , j )

%
'
'
'
'
'
'
'" 0
'$
'$# g
'
'
'
'
'
'
&

nQ nQ
%
e
i
j
i
j
' J ( , ) W W = N eT ( i , j ) b J e ( i , j ) W iW j
'&
i1 j=1

16

Body Loads
Dr. Gracie, University of Waterloo 2015
n

Since in general the Jacobian

the parent coordinates then
"
$
$
$
$
$
$
fe = $
$
$
$
$
$
$
#

%
f1xe '
f1ye '
'
e
f2 x '
'
e
f2 y '
'
f3xe '
f3ye '
'
e '
f4 x
'
e
f4 y '
&

"
$
$
$
A g $
$
4 $
$
$
$
#

0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

%
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
&

J e ( , )

is not constant but a function of

This occurs when opposite edges of the

element are not parallel (As in this
example)

17

Tractions (surface loads)

Dr. Gracie, University of Waterloo 2015
n

If the surface tractions can be reasonably approximated by a linear

function along the edges of the domain (almost always the case)
then
2
Where the summation is only over the nodes
e e
t = N I tI which are on the boundary of the domain
i=1

"
$
$
$
$
$
$
f2 = $
$
$
$
$
$
$
#

%
f1xe '
"
$
f1ye '
$
'
e
$
f2 x '
$
'
e
f2 y ' l $
= $
e '
f3x ' 6 $
$
f3ye '
$
'
e '
$
f4 x
$
'
e
#
f4 y '
&

0
0
2t2ex + t3xe
2t2ey + t3ye
e
2x

e
3x

e
2y

e
3y

t + 2t
t + 2t
0
0

%
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
&

[5]

[2]

2
[6]
[9]

!
t =#
#
"
!
2 #
t3 =
#
"
2
2

$
!
t22x &
e
= ( 5 y2 ) w g #
2 &
#
t2 y
%
"
$
!
t3x2 &
e
= ( 5 y3 ) w g #
2 &
#
t3y
%
"

$
nxe &
nye &
%
$
nxe &
nye &
%

2
18

Tractions (surface loads)

Dr. Gracie, University of Waterloo 2015
n

If the surface tractions can be reasonably approximated by a linear

function along the edges of the domain (almost always the case)
then
2
Where the summation is only over the nodes
e e
t = N I tI which are on the boundary of the domain
i=1

"
$
$
$
$
$
$
f4 = $
$
$
$
$
$
$
#

%
f1x4 '
"
$
f1y4 '
$
'
4
$
f2 x '
$
'
4
f2 y ' l $
= $
4 '
f3x ' 6 $
$
f3y4 '
$
'
4 '
$
f4 x
$
'
4
#
f4 y '
&

0
0
2t24x + t3x4
2t24y + t3y4
4
2x

4
3x

4
2y

4
3y

t + 2t
t + 2t
0
0

%
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
&

[9]

[6]

4
[3]
[7]

!
t =#
#
"
!
4 #
t3 =
#
"
4
2

$
! e $
t24x &
e
# nx &
=

g
(
)
2
w
# nye &
t24y &
%
"
%
$
t3x4 & ! 0 $
=#
&
t3y4 & " 0 %
%

2
19

Max Normal and Shear Stress

Dr. Gracie, University of Waterloo 2015

20

Dam Example Q9
Dr. Gracie, University of Waterloo 2015
y

g
t(y )

7
9

3
6

21

Q9
Dr. Gracie, University of Waterloo 2015
5
Max Principal Shear Stress - Deformation x10000
x 10

2.5

Max Principal Stress - Deformation x10000x 104

5

14
12

10

1.5
2
1
1
0.5
0

-1

-0.5

0.5

4
1
0

2
-1

-0.5

0.5

22

1 x Q9 vs 4 x Q4
Dr. Gracie, University of Waterloo 2015
Max Principal Stress - Deformation x10000x 104
5

14
12

10
3

6
4

1
0

2
-1

-0.5

0.5

23