TOPIC 4: CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE CELL

4.1 Understanding The chemical composition of the cell

a) State the elements in the cell
96% of
elements in
cell

Element in
Protein

CHON

CHON live
in Sungai
Putih

b) List the chemical compounds in the cell

-
- ORGANIC COMPOUNT is
such as
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Nucleic acid
Protein
- INORGANIC COMPOUNT is

c) **Explain the importance of organic compounds in the cell

Carbohydrate

Lipid

Nucleic acid
Protein

d)
-

Explain the importance of water in the cell

4.2 Understanding Carbohydrates

a) State the elements in carbohydrates

-
b) State the types of carbohydrates
- Monosaccharide (simple sugar):
- Disaccharide (double sugar):
- Polysaccharide (complex sugar):

b) Explain the formation and breakdown of disaccharides and polysaccharide

-
-

4.3 Understanding Proteins

a) State the elements in proteins

-

b) ***State the various structures of proteins

Primary structure of protein

Secondary structure of protein
Tertiary structure of protein
Quaternary structure of protein
b) Explain the formation and breakdown of dipeptides and polypeptides
-Polypeptides are form when .
-Polypeptides can be broken down to become by
-AMINO ACID + AMINO ACID
- (amino acid)S

CONDENSATION

CONDENSATION

c) Explain the meaning of essential amino acids and non-essential amino acids
- Essential amino acid
- Non-essential amino acid

4.4 Understanding Lipids

a) State the elements in lipids

b) State the main types of lipids

C+d) State the components of fats and oils and Explain the formation and breakdown of fats and oils

- 1 molecules of GLYCEROL + 3 molecules of FATTY ACIDS

CONDENSATION

triglycerides + 3 H O
2

d) ***Compare and contrast saturated fats and unsaturated fats

Saturated fat

Unsaturated fat
Similarity

Differences

e.g.;

4.5 Understanding Enzymes

a) State what enzymes are

-

b) Explain why enzymes are needed in life processes

-
c) List the general characteristics of enzymes
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

d) Relate the name of enzyme to substrate

Substrate

Enzyme

Maltose
Sucrose
Lactose
Protein
lipid

e) State sites where enzymes are synthesised

-

f) State the meaning of intracellular enzyme and extracellular enzymes

-intracellular =
-extracellular =

f) ***Explain the involvement of specific organelles in the production of extracellular enzymes

i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
v)
vi)

g) Explain the effects of pH, temperature, enzyme concentration, and substrate concentration on
enzyme activity

REFER TO NOTES
h) **Relate the mechanism of enzyme action
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)

i) Relate the mechanism of enzyme action with pH, temperature, enzyme concentration and substrate
concentration

REFER TO NOTES

j) Explain the uses of enzymes in daily life and industry using examples
-

4.6 Realising the importance of the chemical composition of the cell

a) ***Predict the consequences of deficiency in carbohydrates, proteins, lipid or enzymes in the cell

Antonym of 4.1 ( c )Explain the importance of organic compounds in the cell

LEARNING AREA : TOPIC 4: CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE CELL

4.1 Understanding The chemical composition of the cell
a) State the elements in the cell
b) List the chemical compounds in the cell
c)** Explain the importance of organic compounds
in the cell
d) Explain the importance of water in the cell
4.2 Understanding Carbohydrates
a) State the elements in carbohydrates
b) State the types of carbohydrates
c) Explain the formation and breakdown of
disaccharides and polysaccharides
4.3 Understanding Proteins
a) State the elements in proteins
b)*** State the various structures of proteins
c) Explain the formation and breakdown of
dipeptides and polypeptides
d) Explain the meaning of essential amino acids and non-essential amino acids

4.4 Understanding Lipids

a) State the elements in lipids
b) State the main types of lipids
c) State the components of fats and oils
d)*** Explain the formation and breakdown of fats
and oils
e) Compare and contrast saturated fats and
unsaturated fats
4.5 Understanding Enzymes
a) State what enzymes are
b) Explain why enzymes are needed in life
processes
c) List the general characteristics of enzymes
d) Relate the name of enzyme to substrate
e) State sites where enzymes are synthesised
f)*** State the meaning of intracellular enzyme and
extracellular enzymes
g) Explain the involvement of specific organelles in the production of extrcellular enzymes
h)**Explain the effects of pH, temperature, enzyme concentration, and substrate concentration on enzyme activity
i) Relate the mechanism of enzyme action
j) Relate the mechanism of enzyme action with pH, temperature, enzyme concentration and substrate concentration
k) Explain the uses of enzymes in daily life and industry using examples
4.6 Realising the importance of the chemical composition of the cell
KB01/KB06
a) ***Predict the consequences of deficiency in carbohydrates, proteins, lipida or enzymes in the cell